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Arakan’da enerji soykırımı Müslüman katliamının altından sömürgecilerin enerji rekabeti çıktı. Silahlı gruplar eliyle bölgede iç karışıklığın fitili ateşlendi. Milyarlarca dolarlık petrol ve gaz için Rohingyalılar göçe zorlandı. takvim.com.tr Giriş Tarihi : 03 Eylül 2017 , 09:04 Güncelleme Tarihi : 03 Eylül 2017 , 10:56
Myanmar'ın Arakan vilayetinde yıllardır süren ve bayram öncesi yeniden alevlenen Müslümanlara yönelik katliamların arkasında yeni ve eski sömürgecilerin enerji rekabeti olduğu ortaya çıktı. Arakan Rohingya Kurtuluş Ordusu (ARSA) milislerinin karakol baskınları sonrası yaşanan soykırımın, bölgedeki zengin gaz ve petrol kaynaklarından faydalanmak isteyen güçlerin bölgeyi 'insansızlaştırma' projesinin bir parçası olduğu anlaşıldı. ARSA'nın baskını ve ardından yaşanan sürecin arka planını gösteren gelişmeler şu şekilde:
ARSA ÖRGÜTÜNÜN PARASI RİYAD'DAN Rohingya'ya dair 'sömürgeci' emellerin bir tarafında Suudi Arabistan diğer tarafından Çin bulunuyor. Myanmar'daki katliamları başlatan karakol baskınlarını gerçekleştiren ARSA örgütünün Suudi destekli olduğu anlaşıldı. Mekke'de büyüyen Arabistan uyruğuna sahip ARSA kurucusu Attullah Ebu Amar Jununi'yi ve örgütünü fonlayan Riyad yönetimi, Arakan'daki direnişi kendi amaçları adına kullanarak bölgedeki doğal kaynakların geçiş noktasını 'güvenli' hale getirmek istiyor. Buna karşılık Suu Çii'nin yönettiği Myanmar da çatışmayı körüklemek için Budist milisleri silahlandırıyor. Çii, Pekin'i kuşatma planına çeteleri kışkırtarak dahil oluyor.
Suudi Krallığı'nın yönetimini 'yumuşak saray darbesiyle' ele geçiren birinci veliaht Muhammed bin Selman'ın 2030 Vizyonu isimli stratejisi ölçüsünde harekete geçen Riyad yönetiminin, 8 senedir Arakan'a yaptığı yatırımın meyvelerini toplamak için ARSA'yı kullandığı öğrenildi. Suud Sarayı'ndan hanedan hakkında kulis bilgileri sızdıran kaynaklar, ARSA'nın 25 karakolun basılması talimatını Riyad'tan aldığını bildirdi. Krallığın 2009'dan bu yana mülteci durumuna düşen yaklaşık 500 bin Rohingyalı'ya oturma izni vererek Arakan'a sızdığını belirten kaynaklar, Suudi yetkililerin Jununi'yi fonlayarak nüfuz sahibi olmayı çabaladığını ifade etti.
YAKILAN KÖYLERE BAE OTELLERİ Bölgeden haber aktaran tüm medya kuruluşlarının Riyad merkezli olduğuna dikkat çeken kaynaklar, veliaht prens Muhammed bin Selman'ın 2030 Vizyonu gereği bölgedeki yer altı kaynaklarının geçiş güzergâhında bulunan Arakan'ı 'insansızlaştımak' istediğini aktardı. Middle East Eye (MEE) sitesi de Suudi yatırımların sadece Bengal Körfezi'ndeki gaz-petrol rezervleri üzerinde hâkimiyet kurmakla sınırlı olmadığını ortaya koydu. MEE'ın haberine göre, yöneticisi olduğu Suudi petrol devi Saudi Aramco şirketi ile ülkesini ilk kez Myanmar'ın enerji piyasasına dahil eden Muhammed bin Selman bir yandan Ortadoğu'daki ortağı BAE'yi de bölgenin altyapı hizmetlerini geliştirmeye teşvik ederken diğer yandan da Rohingya'dan değerli tarım arazileri satın aldı.
Abu Dhabi merkezli El Mervan şirketi Myanmar hükümetiyle Rohingya'da 'otoyol ve otelleri içeren bir altyapı yatırımı' sözleşmeleri imzalarken, Riyad yönetimi de Arakanlı Müslümanların verimli topraklarına göz dikti. ABD Uluslararası Ticaret Departmanı'ndan Anne Gilman'a göre, Suudi Arabistan Rohingya'yı kendine bağlı güvenli bir gıda limanı yapmak istiyor. Arabistan içinde bulunduğu ekonomik krizi Arakanlı Müslümanların topraklarını ele geçirerek aşmak istiyor.
ESKİ SÖMÜRGECİLER ÇİN VE İNGİLTERE Asya'nın en verimli gaz ve petrol rezervelerine ev sahipliği yapan Bengal Körfezi'nde bulunan Myanmar'ın enerji piyasası Fransız, İngiliz ve Çin'in hakimiyetinde bulunuyor. Körfez ülkelerini piyasaya dahil ederek Çin'in egemenliğini sarsmak isteyen ABD bir süredir bölgeye yatırımı teşvik ediyor. 2015'ten bu yana Amerikalı yatrımcıları bölgeyle ilgilenmek için teşvik eden ABD Hazine Bakanlığı, Myanmar'daki Pekin etkisini kırmak adına Suudilerin ARSA ve Rohingya'daki nüfuzunu kullanıyor. Fakat Londra yönetimi Bengal'de yeni oyuncuların çıkmasından rahatsız. Suudi Arabistan'ın Arakan'ı insansızlaştırarak sömürmesinden endişe duyan eski kolonici İngiltere, Myanmar hükümetini Rohingya Müslümanları üzerinden uluslararası alanda sıkıştırarak yeniden Pekin-Londra hattına yaklaştırmayı hedefliyor.
PEKİN'İN HâKİMİYETİNİ BİTİRECEK NOBELLİ Myanmar'da Arakanlı Müslümanlara yönelik şiddetin baş sorumlusu olarak gösterilen Ang San Suu Çii, bölgedeki Çin egemenliğini sonlandırmak adına uzun süredir Batı tarafından destekleniyor. 1991'de Nobel Barış Ödülü'ne layık görülen Çii, Washington merkezli demokrasi vakıfları tarafından ülkenin 'hür' lideri olarak gösteriliyor. Economist'in 'Pekin'in hâkimiyetini bitirecek kadın' olarak nitelendirdiği Myanmarlı lider, ABD ve AB tarafından Çin'e karşı kullanılıyor. ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığı'nın 2015 yılında Çii'yi yayımladığı Burma raporunda, Çii'yi 'neo-liberal ekonomik reformlar yapan modern lider' olarak tanımlarken, Arakan'da Müslümanlara yönelik katliamlardan ise 'yerel gerginlikler' olarak bahsetmişti.
ARAKAN ENERJİ İÇİN NEDEN ÖNEMLİ? Bengal Körfezi'nden çıkarılan doğal kaynakların Çin ve Asya'ya kara yoluyla taşınması için Arakan bölgesinden geçmesi gerekiyor. Londra hükümetinin Ticaret ve Yatırım Departmanı'nın (UKTI) raporlarına göre, 3,2 milyar varil petrol ve 16 trilyon metreküplük gaz rezervlerine sahip Myanmar'ın hâkimiyetindeki Körfez bölgesinin ticari kapasitesini artırması için Müslümanların çoğunlukta olduğu Rohingya bölgesinin yeniden imar edilerek güvenli hale getirilmesi hedefleniyor. İngiliz BG Group and Ophir, Hollanda-İngiltere ortaklığında Shell, Norveçli Statoil, ABD Chevron, İtalyan Eni, Fransız Total ve Suudi Saudi Aramco şirketlerini pay sahibi olduğu rezervler Çin için de oldukça değerli. sABD'nin eski dışişleri diplomatı Hunter Marsten'e göre Pekin'in için bölgenin önemini bilen Washington, Ang San Suu Çii'yi kullanarak Myanmar-Çin boru hattını aksatmayı amaçlıyor.
İNSANSIZLAŞTIRMA PLANI UYDUDAN KANITLANDI Londra merkezli İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü (HRW), Myanmar'ın gaz ve petrol rezervlerinin güvenli geçişini sağlamak adına bölgeyi insansızlaştırmak isteyen sömürgecilerin planlarını açığa çıkaran görüntüleri yayınladı. Arakan eyaletine bağlı Chein Khar Li köyünün önceki ve sonraki uydu görüntülerini paylaşan HRW, 700 yapının yok edilerek Müslümanların yaşam alanının nasıl kullanılamaz hale geldiğini ortaya koydu. Konu hakkında konuşan kuruluşun Asya Direktörü Phil Robertson "Bu yeni uydu görüntüleri, Müslüman köyünün tamamen yok edildiğini göstermektedir. Burası, yangın tespit ettiğimiz 17 yerleşim yerinden sadece biri. Neler olduğunun tam olarak anlaşılması için bağımsız gözlemcilerin bölgeye girmesi gerekmektedir" dedi. Öte yandan, Avrupa Rohingya Konseyi (ERC) yapılan açıklamada, köylerinden kaçan binlerce Müslümanın ordu tarafından dağlık bölgelere sürüldüğü ve ordunun engellemesi nedeniyle sivillerin 3 gündür dağlarda sıkışıp kaldığını duyurdu.