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ABD'de yapay zekâ çalışmalarının Pekin merkezli şirketler tarafından gölgede bırakılabileceği endişesi yıllardır beklenen bir durumken Silikon Vadisi 'nin hegemonyasına yönelik en büyük tehdidin ufak bir Çinli girişimden gelmesi herkesi şaşkına çevirdi. Darbenin Çin'in dört büyük teknoloji firmasından (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent veya Xiaomi) değil de daha önce adı bile duyulmayan bir avuç Çinli'den gelmesi beklenmeyen bir durum oldu. DeepSeek'in OpenAI 'nin ChatGPT 'siyle aynı seviyede bir AI modelini 6 milyon dolardan (4,8 milyon sterlin) daha az bir maliyetle gerçekleştirmesi ortalığı kasıp kavurdu. Hafta başında iOS uygulama mağazasında küresel yapay zekâ geliştirme yarışında "Sputnik anı" olarak anılan, iki yıldan az bir süre önce kurulan DeepSeek en son sohbet robotuyla zirveye yerleşerek piyasaları altüst etti.
DeepSeek, Liang Wenfeng'in tutku projesi olarak ortaya çıktı. (AA)
BU KADAR KISA SÜREDE PİYASALARI ETKİLEYEN BAŞARIYA NASIL ULAŞTI ?
1985 doğumlu olan Liang Wenfeng , Çin'in güney kıyısındaki liman kenti Zhanjiang'da büyüdü. Çocukluğundan itibaren parlak bir öğrenci olan Liang, daha ortaokuldayken kendi kendine kalkülüs öğrenmeye başladı ve sonrasında Çin'in prestijli Zhejiang Üniversitesi'ne girdi. Liang, üniversitesite de elektrik mühendisliği alanında uzmanlaştı ve 2006 yılında mezun oldu. 2007 yılında Liang, bilgi ve iletişim mühendisliği alanında yüksek lisans eğitimine başladı ve burada bilgisayarlı görü araştırmalarında uzmanlaştı. Üniversite yıllarında borsa hisselerini analiz edebilecek yapay zekâ algoritmaları yazmaya başladı. Liang, 2008 yılında üniversitedeyken sınıf arkadaşlarıyla birlikte finansal piyasalar hakkında veri toplamak için bir ekip kurdu.
Mayıs 2023'te kurulan ve Güney Çin'in Guangdong eyaletinden bir milenyum hedge fon girişimcisi olan Liang Wenfeng'in tutku projesi olan DeepSeek'in başarısının bir kısmı, ticari, kâr odaklı bir girişim değil tamamen araştırma odaklı bir organizasyon olarak tasarlanmış olmasından kaynaklanıyor.
Liang Wenfeng, ʺTeknolojinin ön safhalarında yer almak istiyoruz.ʺ (AA)
"TEKNOLOJİNİN ÖN SAFHALARINDA YER ALMAK İSTİYORUZ"
Liang, geçen yıl endüstri çevrelerinde büyük yankı uyandıran daha önceki bir yapay zekâ modelinin piyasaya sürülmesinden sonra Çin medyasına verdiği bir röportajda şunları söyledi
Prensibimiz para kaybetmek ya da büyük karlar elde etmek değil... Başlangıç noktamız, servet kazanma fırsatını değerlendirmek değil teknolojinin ön saflarında yer almak ve tüm ekosistemin gelişimini teşvik etmek.
GÖZLERDEN UZAK DURUYOR
Liang'ın kendisi ise spot ışıklarından uzak duruyor. Çin basınında röportajı yapılan bir okul arkadaşı şöyle dedi: "Birkaç gün önce, kendisini tebrik etmek için bir mesaj gönderdim. Ay yeni yılı için [memleketine] döneceğini ve saklanacağını söyledi."
TUTKUSUNU ÖN PLANA KOYDU
DeepSeek'in araştırma odağı, Liang'ın 2015'te kurduğu hedge fonu High-Flyer Capital tarafından finanse ediliyor. Zhejiang Üniversitesi'nde elektronik bilgi mühendisliği okuduktan sonra, Liang yapay zekaya olan tutkusuna odaklanmak için büyük yazılım şirketlerindeki programcı işlerinden kaçındı. Liang, High-Flyer Capital ile hisse senedi fiyatlarındaki kalıpları tespit etmek için yapay zekayı kullandı. 2021'de, yönetimi altındaki varlıklarının 100 milyar yuanı (11 milyar euroyu) aştığı bildirildi
Sadece bir avuç büyük Çinli teknoloji firmasının Nvidia gibi yarı iletken rezervleri var. (AA)
HOBİSİ İÇİN 10.000 ÇİP SATIN ALDI
Aynı yıl, Liang'ın büyük bir Nvidia grafik işleme birimi (GPU) koleksiyonu biriktirdiğine dair söylentiler yayılmaya başladı. 2021'e gelindiğinde görünüşe göre kişisel hobisi için 10.000 çip satın aldığı bildirildi. Sadece bir avuç büyük Çinli teknoloji firmasının Nvidia gibi yarı iletken rezervleri var. Liang 2023'te "Birçok kişi bunun arkasında bilinmeyen bir iş mantığı olduğunu düşünebilir ancak aslında bu esas olarak meraktan kaynaklanıyor" dedi.
ÇİN'E GİDEN İLETKENLERE AMBARGO
2022'de Joe Biden, ülkenin hızlı AI gelişimi için gerekli ekipmana erişmesini engellemeyi amaçlayan Çin'e giden yarı iletkenler üzerinde kapsamlı ihracat kontrolleri duyurdu. Nvidia'nın güçlü H100 çipi yasaklandı. Şirket, DeepSeek'in modelini eğittiği Çin pazarı için daha az güçlü H800 çiplerini geliştirdi, ancak bunlar da 2023'te yasaklandı. Liang, "En büyük sorunumuz hiçbir zaman para olmadı, yüksek kaliteli çiplere uygulanan ambargo" dedi.
YEREL YETENEKLERİ TERCİH ETTİ
DeepSeek'in araştırmalarına bizzat katıldığı ve Alibaba'nın da merkezinin bulunduğu Çin'in doğusundaki Hangzhou şehrindeki şirket kampüsü için ABD'de veya yurt dışında eğitim görmüş çalışanlar yerine, yerel yetenekleri işe almayı tercih ettiğini söylediği bildirildi.
Bu, DeepSeek'in başarısını daha da çarpıcı hale getiriyor. ABD, geleneksel olarak Çin ile AI yarışında önde gidiyor, en gelişmiş çip üretim ekipmanlarına hâkim oluyor ve üniversitelerinden birinci sınıf yetenekler üretiyor. DeepSeek'in güçlü modelinin lansmanı, Çinli bilim insanlarının tahmin edildiği gibi ABD'nin kendilerinin yetişmesini engellemeyi amaçlayan kısıtlamalarını aşmanın bir yolunu bulduğunu gösteriyor.
DeepSeek girişimi kurucusu Liang Wenfeng. (South China Morning Post)
"BÜYÜK BİR AYRIMA YOL AÇACAK"
Bu durum, ABD kontrollerinin daha da sıkılaştırılmasına yol açabilecek veya etkili bir şekilde çalışabilecekleri fikrini zayıflatabilecek. DeepSeek'in ötesinde, birçok Çinli AI firması gelişmiş GPU'lara erişim olmadan gelişmek için mücadele ediyor.
Çin analisti Bill Bishop şunları söyledi
Trump yönetimi ihracat kontrolleri konusunda ne karar verirse versin bu muhtemelen ABD ile yakın dostları ve dünyanın geri kalanı, özellikle de küresel güney arasında yapay zekâ konusunda daha da büyük bir ayrışmaya yol açacaktır.
AYDA 60.000 YUANA KADAR MAAŞ
Şirketin ayrıca Nvidia gibi daha büyük şirketlerden gelen iş teklifleriyle geliştiricileri avlayarak en iyi yeteneklere iyi maaşlar ödediği biliniyor. Çinli işe alım sitesi Zhipin'deki DeepSeek'te geliştiriciler için iş ilanları ayda 60.000 yuana (yaklaşık 6.600 £) kadar maaşlar ilan ediyor. Tencent ve diğer büyük teknoloji şirketlerindeki ortalama maaş ayda yaklaşık 35.000 yuan olduğu düşünüldüğünde dikkat çekici bir oran.