İran, hem etnik hem de mezhep açısından büyük bir çeşitlilik gösteriyor. Sadece %20 kadarı şehirlerde yaşıyor. İran nüfusu, para birimi, başkenti merak edilip araştırılmaya başlandı.
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İran, hem etnik hem de mezhep açısından büyük bir çeşitlilik gösteriyor. Sadece %20 kadarı şehirlerde yaşıyor. İran nüfusu, para birimi, başkenti merak edilip araştırılmaya başlandı.
İran Nerede?
İran hangi kıtada yer almaktadır sorusunun cevabı Asya kıtası olacaktır. Güneybatı Asya olarak adlandırılan coğrafyada konumlanmış olan İran; güneyde Basra ve Umman Körfezi, kuzeyde Hazar Denizi, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan, doğuda Türkmenistan, Afganistan ve Pakistan, batıda ise Türkiye ve Irak ile çevrelenmiş bir ülkedir.
MÖ. 3000'li yıllardan beri bilinmekte olan İran coğrafyasında sırasıyla Elamlar, Medler ve Persler başta olmak üzere birçok imparatorluk hüküm sürmüştür. 1. Dünya Savaşı'nın ardından 1925 tarihinde Pehlevi hanedanlığı başlamış ve bu dönem 1979 tarihinde kadar sürmüştür. İran'ın bir İslam cumhuriyeti olarak ilan edilmesi ise 1979 senesinde gerçekleşmiştir. 1978 senesinde başlayan devrim neticesinde İran şahı ülkeyi terk etmiş ve 1 Nisan 1979 tarihinde de İran İslam Cumhuriyeti resmen ilan edilmiştir. Günümüzde ise önemli bölgesel güçlerden bir tanesi olan İran; Birleşmiş Milletler, OPEC ve Bağlantısızlar Hareketi gibi birçok uluslararası kuruluşun da üyesi konumundadır.
İran Başkenti
İran'ın başkenti Tahran'dır. Başkent olmasının yanında ülkenin en büyük şehri de olan Tahran; tarih boyunca önemli bir ilim ve kültür şehri olmuş ve bu özelliğini günümüze kadar taşımayı da başarmıştır. İran'da gerçekleştirilen sanayi üretiminin de neredeyse yarısına ev sahipliği yapan bu başkentte bir de petrol rafinerisi yer almaktadır. Kuzey kısmı daha modern, güney bölümü ise daha geleneksel bir yapıda olan Tahran; Fars kültürünün en öne gelen şehirleri arasında yer almaktadır.
İran Nüfusu
2023 verilerine göre İran'ın nüfusu 89 milyon 170 bin kişiden meydana gelmektedir. Yaklaşık %80'inin kırsal alanda, geriye kalan %20'sinin ise şehirlerde yaşamakta olduğu İran nüfusu içinde, birçok farklı etnik ve mezhep bazlı grup yer almaktadır. 90 milyona yaklaşan İran nüfusunun %61'i Farslılar, %16'sı Azerbaycan Türkleri, %10'u ise Kürtlerden meydana gelmektedir. Bu üç etnik grup dışında Araplar, Beluciler, Lurlar gibi farklı etnik unsurlarda İran nüfusu içinde yer almaktadır. Dini inanç konusuna geldiğimizde ise İran'da nüfusun %99'una yakını İslamiyet inancına mensuptur.
İran Para Birimi
İran'da kullanılan resmi para biriminin adı İran riyalidir. 1932 yılında alınan bir kararla ülkenin eski para birimi olan İran dinarı yerine, bu yeni para birimi tedavüle sokulmuştur.
İran Şehirleri
İran, ostan (eyalet) adı verilen 31 ayrı idari bölgeye ayrılmıştır. Türkiye'deki illere denk düşen bu ostanlar arasında öne çıkanlar ise şunlardır:
Tahran
Tebriz
Isfahan
Yezd
Urumiye
HAMANEY KİMDİR?
Seyyid Ali Hüseyni Hamenei 17 Temmuz 1939'te Meşhed'de doğmuştur. İranlı din ve siyaset adamı, Şii merci-i taklid ve 1989'dan beri İran'ın ikinci yüce lideri. 1981-1989 yılları arasında İran'ın üçüncü cumhurbaşkanı olarak görev yapmıştır. Hamenei, Orta Doğu'da en uzun süre görev yapan devlet başkanı ve Şah Muhammed Rıza Pehlevi'den sonra geçen yüzyılın en uzun süre görev yapan ikinci İran lideri olmuştur.