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"Bağımsız enerji, Güçlü Türkiye" sloganıyla enerjide kurallar yeniden hazırlanıyor. Enerji ve
Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan yol haritasına göre Türkiye'nin yerli üretimi ve teknolojileri artıran yatırımlarla enerjide kendi kendine yeten bir ülke konumuna gelmesi. Milli Enerji ve Maden Politikası stratejisi ile enerjide arz güvenliği ve yerlilik konuları öne çıkıyor. Yenilenebilirde verilen teşvikler devam ederken, özel sektör bu alanlara oldukça büyük ilgi gösteriyor. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanları (YEKA) projeleriyle güneş ve rüzgar enerjilerinde rekabet artıyor..
Maden sektöründe yapılan düzenlemelerle 2050 dünyasına doğru giderken temiz kömür teknolojileri geliştiriliyor. Doğalgazda arz güvenliği en önemli konu olarak dururken, Tuz Gölü gibi depolama tesisinin hayata geçirilmesiyle depolamada yeni gelişmeler yaşanıyor. Devlet tarafından verilen teşvikler ve özel sektörün yatırım iştahıyla Türkiye her açıdan kendine yeten bir ülke olmak için enerjide büyük adımlar atıyor.
"DEPOLAMA CAN ALICI NOKTA" Dünyada 1 trilyon metreküp civarında doğalgaz tüketimi yapılıyor. Bunun yüzde 30'u LNG, diğer yüzde 70'i ise borugazı. Türkiye doğalgazla 1988 yılında tanıştı. Halen nüfusu 20 binin üzerinde olan ilçeleri doğalgaz ile buluşturma hedefi var. 30 senede 280 ilçeye doğalgaz taşındı. Son bir yılda ise 101 ilçeye gaz götürülerek tüm zamanların rekoru kırıldı.
Boru Hatları ile Petrol Taşıma Anonim Şirketi (BOTAŞ) Genel Müdürü Burhan Özcan, 2018 ve 2019 itibariyle 223 ilçe hedeflerinin 200 tanesini gerçekleştireceklerini belirtiyor. Doğalgazda geçmiş yıllarda kapasitemiz 190 milyon metreküpken son 3 yılda bu kapasite 300 milyonlara çıktı. Önümüzdeki yıllarda bu rakamın 500 milyona çıkması hedefleniyor. LNG piyasasına dair de bilgi veren Özcan şunları söylüyor:
"2016 yılında 34 milyon metreküp gazlaştırma yaptık. Bütün BOTAŞ'ın LNG kapasitesi 117 milyon metreküp. Depolar arz güvenliğinin en can alıcı noktalarından birisi. Deponuz varsa gazın ekonomik olduğu dönemde doldurma imkanınız oluyor. Rekor bir sürede 2200 metrelik bir iskele inşa ettik.
Bir sene gibi bir süre içerisinde LNG tedarik mekanizmalarındaki tüketim artışına rağmen yüzde 20'lik oranları yakaladık. 2016 yılında 500 milyon euro yatırım gerçekleştirdik. 2017'de de hızlı bir ivme yakalayarak bu oranı yüzde 97'ye taşıdık ve 1.4 milyar TL yatırım yaptık. 2018 yılında 50 milyar metreküp tüketim tahmin ediyoruz.
2015 ile 2030 yılları arasında küresel gaz talebindeki büyümenin yüzde 45'i elektrik üretimi kaynakları olurken, kalan kısmın sanayi, konut, ticari ve yeni gelişmeye başlayan taşımacılık kaynaklı olacağı öngörülüyor. Özellikle 2050 yılından sonra dünyadaki enerji tüketiminin büyük bölümü elektrikten olacak. "
LOKOMOTİF SEKTÖR Her geçen sene yeni birleşmeler, satın almalar ve yatırımların olduğu akaryakıt sektörü oldukça hareketli. Bugün 100'ün üzerinde dağıtım şirketi ve yaklaşık 13 bin akaryakıt bayisi bulunuyor. Türkiye'de her yıl yaklaşık 28 - 30 milyon ton petrol ürünü tüketiliyor.
Türkiye'de akaryakıt sektörünün büyüklüğü 2017 yılında 140 milyar TL'ye ulaştı. Türkiye'de toplam akaryakıt ürünleri satışı son beş yılda her yıl ortalama yüzde 7 büyüyerek 35 milyona tona ulaştı. Bu artışı özellikle yüzde 9 büyüme ile motorin ve yüzde 7 büyüme ile havacılık yakıtları sağladı.
Petrol Sanayi Derneği Genel Sekreteri Niyazi İlter, Türkiye'de bin kişi başına düşen araç sayısının 150 olduğuna ve bu diğer Avrupa ülkelerinin çok gerisinde olduğunu belirtiyor. İlter, "Genç nüfus ve kişi başına düşen gelir dikkate alındığında sektörümüzün büyümesi için önemli bir potansiyel var.
Dünyada ve Türkiye'de enerjiye olan talebin artacağını, Ülkemizde petrol piyasasının Türkiye ekonomisini takip ederek büyümeye devam edeceğini öngörüyoruz. Türkiye otomotiv yakıtları pazarı büyümeye devam ederken rekabet, dünya ham petrol ve ürün fiyatları, düzenlemeler, vergiler ve döviz kuru tüketim dengelerindeki belirleyici unsur olmaya devam edecek." ifadelerini kullandı.
TÜRKİYE NÜKLEER GÜÇ OLUYOR Türkiye enerjide kendi kendine yetebilir olmak için dev projelere imza atıyor. Bu yıl içerisinde temeli atılan Akkuyu Nükleer Santral bunlardan biri. Santral devreye girdiğinde tek başına İstanbul'un enerji ihtiyacını karşılaycak. Projenin temelleri geçen günlerde Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ve Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin'in katılımıyla atıldı. Santral Rusya Devlet Nükleer Enerji Kurumu Rosatom tarafından inşa edilecek.
Toplamda dört evreden oluşan Akkuyu Nükleer Güç Santrali'nin ilk 3 ünitesi 2023 yılında devreye alınacak. Diğer evreler de birer yıl arayla çalışmaya başlıyacak. Akkuyu ve Sinop'ta toplam sekiz reaktör kurmayı hedefleyen Türkiye, 2025 sonuna kadar toplam elektrik ihtiyacının en az yüzde 5'ini nükleer güç ile sağlamayı hedefliyor. Akkuyu Santrali, Türkiye'de tek kalemde yapılan en büyük yatırım olma özelliğini taşıyor. Proje 4 bin 800 MW ile tam kapasite devreye girdiğinde, ortalama 35 milyar kWh elektrik üretecek.
Proje bölgedeki istihdamı da artıracak. En yoğun dönemde 10 bin kişinin çalışacağı santralde, işletme esnasında 3 bin 500 kişi çalışacak. Maliyeti yaklaşık 20 milyar dolar olan projenin yüzde 35 - 40'lık kısmında Türk şirketler yer alacak.
"ENERJİDE ÖNEMLİ GELİŞMELER OLACAK" Şubat ayında Turkuvaz Medya tarafından, Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı himayelerinde düzenlenen 1. Türkiye Enerji Forumu'nda bir konuşma yapan Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Dr. Berat Albayrak, 2017'yi değerlendirdi ve önümüzdeki yıllara dair çok önemli açıklamalarda bulundu. 2017'nin Türkiye açısından yenilenebilir enerjide "ses getiren bir yıl" olduğunu ifade eden Bakan Albayrak 2018'in çok önemli bir atılım ve çok önemli gelişmelerin yaşanacağı bir yıl olacağını belirtti. Bakan Albayrak, Türkiye'yi 2023'lere 2030'lara hazırlamak için bakanlık olarak çıtayı yükseğe koyduklarını ifade etti ve sözlerini şöyle sürdürdü:
"Bir de bakmışsınız Türkiye enerji ithal eden ülke değil ihraç eden ülke olmuş. Doğalgazda hedef 2023 yılı itibarıyla 11 milyar metreküplük depolama kapasitesine ulaşmak. Güneş ve rüzgarda 1000'er megavatlık yeni ihaleler için çalışmalara başladık. Rüzgarda dünyanın en büyük off - shore projesini hazırlıyoruz. Güneş YEKA'sına pil depolamasıyla ilgili düzenlemeyi de eklemeyi düşünüyoruz. Türkiye'nin depolamada da yeni bir noktaya geleceği çok başka bir sürece doğru gidiyoruz."
Petrol aramaları için enerjide alt yapıyı A'dan Z'ye değiştirdiklerini aktaran Bakan Albayrak , "Sondajda başka bir yol izleyeceğiz. Doğru yoldayız ve önemli adımlar attık. 2020'lerde güzel haberler vereceğiz inşallah" ifadelerini kullandı.
YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİDE BÜYÜME Türkiye enerjide dışa bağımlılığını azaltmak için yenilenebilir enerjide her geçen yıl yatırımlarını artırıyor. Yenilenebilir enerjide kurulu güç 2017 sonunda 38 bin 908 MW oldu. Bunun içerisinde güneş enerjisi 2016 sonunda 833 megavattan 2017 itibariyle 3 bin 421 MW'a ulaştı. Rüzgarda 6 bin 516 MW kurulu güç var. Hidroelektrikte 7 bin 273 MW, jeotermalde ise 1.161 MW'a ulaşıldı.
Yatırımlar noktasında da yenilenebilir enerjide tek teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle büyük aşamalar kaydediliyor. 2016 itibariyle enerji sektöründeki tüm 1.7 trilyon dolarlık yatırım içerisinde ilk defa elektrik yatırımları diğer enerji yatırımlarının önüne geçti. Bu yatırımlarda kullanılan teknolojilerin yerlilikleri her geçen yıl artıyor. Yenilenebilir enerjide 2012 yılında yerlilik yüzde 20'yi geçmezken, şu anda yerlilik oranı yüzde 65'lere çıkmış durumda.
DAHA ÇOK "GÜNEŞLENECEĞİZ" Diğer enerji kaynakları itibariyle Türkiye'de en hızlı gelişen yatırımlardan bir tanesi güneş oldu. Güneş enerjisi artık petrol ve doğalgaz çıkaran ülkeler için bile pahalı bir alternatif olmaktan çıktı. Türkiye'de 2012 yılında tüm zamanların rekoru kırıldı. Türkiye 2017 yılında toplamda 3.4 GW kurulum yapılarak, Avrupa'nın en çok yatırım yapılan ülkesi oldu. Uluslararası Yenilenebilir Enerji Ajansı'nın (IRENA) 2017 raporuna göre, fotovoltaik kurulu gücü bakımından 2016'da dünya ülkeleri arasında 844 MW ile 25'inci sırada olan Türkiye, 2017 sonunda ulaştığı 3.422 MW'lık kapasite ile aynı sıralamada 13'üncü sıraya yükseldi.
Türkiye, Avrupa ülkeleri sıralamasında ise 2016'da 15'inci iken , 2017'de yedinci sıraya çıktı. GÜNDER Genel Sekreteri Faruk Telemcioğlu, "Bir önceki yıl 16 bin kişi sektörde çalışırken 2017 yılında bu rakam 60 bini geçti. 2018 yılında yaklaşık 1500 MW'lık bir kurulum ve 30 - 35 bin kişilik bir istihdam bekliyoruz" diyerek güneş enerjisinin ekonomiye doğrudan katkısını vurguluyor. Kaynak: Para Dergisi