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Ekim ayı enflasyon rakamları açıklandı. Kasım ayında kiraya ne kadar zam gelecek, Ekim enflasyonu ne zaman belli olacak? Enflasyonu hesaplamak resmi istatistik kurumları açısından oldukça zor olmakla birlikte, temsili bazı mallardan bir sepet oluşturularak hesaplama gerçekleştirilir. Sonra da bu sepet değerinin zaman içerisindeki değişimleri gözlemlenir. AA Finans Enflasyon Beklenti Anketine katılan ekonomistler, Ekim ayında Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi'nin (TÜFE ), yüzde 1,87 artmasını bekliyor. TEFE ise Toptan Eşya Fiyat Endeksi anlamına geliyor. Bu tabiri de yine sık sık televizyonlardan ve diğer basın organlarından görüyoruz. Tefe kullanılan ham madde ürünlerinin baz alınması ile hesaplanmaktadır.
DETAYLAR İÇİN BİR SONRAKİ SAYFAYA TIKLAYINIZ
EKİM AYI ENFLASYON ORANLARI AÇIKLANDI
Tüketici fiyat endeksi (TÜFE ) aylık %2,00 arttı. TÜFE'de (2003=100) 2019 yılı Ekim ayında bir önceki aya göre %2,00, bir önceki yılın Aralık ayına göre %10,59, bir önceki yılın aynı ayına göre %8,55 ve on iki aylık ortalamalara göre %16,81 artış gerçekleşti. Aylık en yüksek artış %11,70 ile giyim ve ayakkabı grubunda oldu
Ana harcama grupları itibarıyla 2019 yılı Ekim ayında endekste yer alan gruplardan, konutta %3,55, gıda ve alkolsüz içeceklerde %1,65, haberleşmede %1,43 ve ulaştırmada %1,17 artış gerçekleşti. Aylık düşüş gösteren tek grup %0,59 ile eğlence ve kültür oldu
Ana harcama grupları itibariyle 2019 yılı Ekim ayında endekste yer alan gruplardan sadece eğlence ve kültür grubunda %0,59 oranında düşüş gerçekleşti. Yıllık en fazla artış %43,60 ile alkollü içecekler ve tütün grubunda gerçekleşti
TÜFE'de, bir önceki yılın aynı ayına göre sağlık %14,24, eğitim %14,20, lokanta ve oteller %13,71 ve çeşitli mal ve hizmetler %13,43 ile artışın yüksek olduğu diğer ana harcama gruplarıdır.
Özel kapsamlı TÜFE göstergesi (B) aylık %1,58 arttı
İşlenmemiş gıda ürünleri, enerji, alkollü içkiler ve tütün ile altın hariç TÜFE 'de 2019 yılı Ekim ayında bir önceki aya göre %1,58, bir önceki yılın Aralık ayına göre %9,66, bir önceki yılın aynı ayına göre %7,64 ve on iki aylık ortalamalara göre %16,09 artış gerçekleşti.
Ekim 2019'da endekste kapsanan 418 maddeden; 33 maddenin ortalama fiyatlarında değişim olmazken, 289 maddenin ortalama fiyatlarında artış, 96 maddenin ortalama fiyatlarında ise düşüş gerçekleşti.
ENFLASYON NASIL HESAPLANIR?
Enflasyon u hesaplamak resmi istatistik kurumları açısından oldukça zor olmakla birlikte, temsili bazı mallardan bir sepet oluşturularak hesaplama gerçekleştirilir. Sonra da bu sepet değerinin zam an içerisindeki değişimleri gözlemlenir. Oluşturulan bu endeksin genel olarak iki hesaplanma yöntemi bulunuyor;
– Tüketici Fiyat Endeski (TÜFE – CPI): Tüketim malları veya hizmetlerinin (benzin , gıda, giyim, otomobil gibi) hesaplanmasında kullanılır. Tüketicinin perspektifinden değişimi gösterir.
– Üretici Fiyat Endeksi (ÜFE – PPI): Yurtiçinde üretilen mal ve hizmetlerden oluşturulan endeksteki değişimleri gösterir. Bu da üreticinin perspektifine göre yorumlanmaktadır.
Yukarıdaki iki kategori için de, mevsimsel (geçici) etkilerin bulunmadığı ve Çekirdek (Core) olarak adlandırılan hesaplama yöntemleri bulunmaktadır.
Bu göstergeler büyük çaptaki anketler olarak düşünülebilir. Her ay, resmi istatistik kurumları, perakende satışçılar, hizmet sağlayıcıları, benzin istasyonları ve muayenehane gibi birçok yeri fiyat değişiminin saptanması için inceler.
EKİM'DE KİRA ARTIŞ ORANI NE KADARDI?
Tüketici fiyat endeksi (TÜFE ) aylık %0,99 arttı. TÜFE'de (2003=100) 2019 yılı Eylül ayında bir önceki aya göre %0,99, bir önceki yılın Aralık ayına göre %8,42, bir önceki yılın aynı ayına göre %9,26 ve on iki aylık ortalamalara göre %18,27 artış gerçekleşti. Açıklanan oranlara göre kiracılara Ekim ayında yüzde 18,27 lira zam yapıldı.
Mevcut kira bedeli 500 TL Olanlar İçin zam oranı 91,35 lira, kirası 750 TL olanlar için zam oranı 137,03 lira kirası 1.000 TL olanlar için zam oranı 182.70 lira olarak hesaplanıyor.
Tefe Nedir?
Tefe kelime olarak Toptan Eşya Fiyat Endeksi anlamına geliyor. Bu tabiri de yine sık sık televizyonlardan ve diğer basın organlarından görüyoruz. Tefe kullanılan ham madde ürünlerinin baz alınması ile hesaplanmaktadır. Tefe ürün kalemlerinden bazılarını kömür ve buna benzer kömürsel ürünler, petrol bazlı ürünler, doğal gaz ürünleri, metal eşyaları, gıda ürünleri, tütün ürünleri, tekstil ve diğer giyim tutarları, kâğıt ve kimysallar, metal ürünleri, çeşitli kimyasal maddeler, mobilya eşyası gibi çeşitli ürünler meydana getirmektedir. Tefe, üreticiler tarafından piyasaya arz edilen ürünlerin fiyatlarındaki artış oranına göre değişkenliğinin hesaplanmasıdır. Bu hesaplama da asıl olan unsurun vergiyi hesaba katmaksızın oluşturulan peşin ücretler incelemeye dâhil ediliyor. Buradaki değişim oranları aylık olarak açıklanmak zorundadır. Aylık olarak yapılan açıklamalar neticesinde tüketici ve özellik de yatırımcı bilgilendiriliyor. Böylelikle yatırımcılar yatırım konusunda bir fikre sahip oluyorlar. Ekonominin kötü gittiği dönemlerde yatırımcının bu oranlara bakarak ülkede yatırım yapmaması ekonomik anlamda daha da kötü bir durum getirdiğini bilmekteyiz.
Enflasyona Etkisi
Enflasyon genel olarak meydana gelen fiyat artışlarının para üzerinde etki göstererek paranın değer kaybetmesi olayıdır. Enflasyon rakamları nın ortaya çıkarılabilmesi için Tefe ve Tüfe oranlarının net ve doğru bir şekilde ortaya çıkarılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Yurt içinde ve yurt dışında meydana gelen fiyat değişiklikleri tefe ve tüfe ile ortaya konur. Buradan hareket edilerek enflasyon ortaya çıkarılır.
Tefe ve Tüfe Neleri Etkiliyor?
Tefe ve tüfe rakamlarının en fazla etkisinin kira artışları üzerine olduğunu biliyoruz. Bunun yanı sıra işsizlik, asgari ücret zam anları gibi durumların üzerinde de etkisi görülmektedir.
Tefe ve Tüfe Hesaplaması Nasıl Yapılıyor?
Tüfe için, hesaplamaya önce yurt içinde hanelerin mallar için ödediği fiyat alınarak başlanıyor. Bu yapılan harcamaların toplam harcamalardaki konumu belirleniyor. Belirli dönemler alınarak artış miktarları ortaya koyulur. Bu harcamalar üzerinde beş tane bölge belirlenir. Bu bölgelerde 16 şehir üzerinden yola çıkılarak hesaplamalar yapılır. Tefe de sektör ürünlerinde meydana gelen fiyat değişimi hesaplanır. Tüfe verilerinin tefeye göre yüksek olması bir enflasyon olayının belirtisidir. Tüfe ve tefe oranları belirlenerek kiralara ne oranda zam yapılacağı belirleniyor. Bu zaman oranlarının her seneni başında verildiğini bilmekteyiz.
Tefe ve Tüfenin Temel Farkları
Bu iki kelime genellikle hepimizin karıştırdığı iki kavramlar. İki kelimenin beraber kullanılması bir kavram karışıklığına yol açabiliyor. Tefe fiyatlar konusunda maliyet unsurlarını göstermektedir. Tüfe ise fiyatlarda meydana gelen yükselmenin talep tarafını ortaya koyuyor. Tefe, tüfeye göre daha kapsamlı bir içeriğe sahiptir. Bu iki veri de aynın üçüncü günleri vatandaşların bilgisine sunuluyor