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Hastalara 24 ay maaş müjdesi geldi. Malulen emekli olabilmek için çalışma gücü kaybında dikkate alınan rahatsızlıkların ilk kez sigortalı olunan tarihten sonra başlamış olması gerekiyor. Malül kişinin en az 10 yıl sigortalı olması da aranan diğer bir şart. Aralarında kalp, kanser , epilepsi gibi yaygın hastalıkların ilacının da olduğu 8 bin 844 ilacı karşılayan devlet, ağır hastalıkları yaşayanlara maddi katkıda da bulunuyor. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK ), kanser başta olmak üzere ağır hastalıklara yakalananlara aylık bağlıyor. Bunun için çalışma gücünde en az yüzde 60 kayıp olduğuna dair sağlık kurulu raporu gerekiyor.
DETAYLAR İÇİN BİR SONRAKİ SAYFAYA TIKLAYINIZ
1800 gün prim gerekiyor
Malulen emekli olabilmek için çalışma gücü kaybında dikkate alınan rahatsızlıkların ilk kez sigortalı olunan tarihten sonra başlamış olması gerekiyor. Malül kişinin en az 10 yıl sigortalı olması da aranan diğer bir şart. Başkasının bakımına muhtaç derecede durumu ağır olan hastalarda 10 yıllık sigortalılık süresine bakılmıyor. Ancak, en az 1800 gün prim ödemeleri isteniyor.
Maluliyet aylığı
Maluliyet Tespit İşlemleri Yönetmeliği'nde maluliyet süresi ayrıca belirtilmeyen tüm kanser hastalıklarında, tanı konulduğu tarihten itibaren bir yıl içinde başvurmak koşuluyla 18 ay süreyle maluliyet aylığı bağlanıyor. Bazı hastalıklarla ilgili tanı konulduğunda ise 12 ya da 24 ay aylık bağlanabiliyor. Kemik iliği nakli yapılanlar 12 ay, kan kanseri tedavisi görenler ve verem hastaları 24 ay malül aylığı alabiliyor.
Uyku bozukluğunda bile
Kanser ve organ naklinin yanı sıra çalışmaya olanak vermeyen genetik hastalıklar, MS, parkinson, alzheimer, demans, sara ve bazı psikiyatrik hastalıklar, kalp yetmezliği, sindirim sistemi kanamaları, astım, KOAH, uyku bozuklukları için de malûl aylığı bağlanabiliyor.
Hangileri kapsamda?
✘Kanser ✘ Epilepsi (sara) ✘Demans
✘ Beyin tümörleri
✘ Parkinson sendromu ✘ Serebral palsi
✘ Multiple Skleroz
✘ Zeka gerilikleri (IQ 50 ve altı) ✘ Şizofreni ✘ Bipolar bozukluk
✘ Görme azlığı ✘ Retina kanamaları
✘ Yardımsız ayakta durmayı engelleyen denge bozuklukları ile birlikte işitme kaybı
✘ Anemi ✘ Kol, bacak gibi organ kaybı
✘ Behçet hastalığı
✘ Gastrointestinal kanamalar ✘ Karaciğer sirozu
✘ Karaciğer nakli ✘ Kalp yetmezliği ✘ Kalp kapak hastalıkları
✘ Kalp nakli ✘ Böbrek nakli
✘ Akciğer nakli ✘ Tüberküloz ✘ AIDS
Malul kime denir?
5510 Sayılı Kanunun 25'inci Maddesi uyarınca; sigortalının veya işverenin talebi üzerine Kurumca yetkilendirilen sağlık hizmeti sunucularının sağlık kurullarınca usulüne uygun düzenlenecek raporlar ve dayanağı tıbbi belgelerin incelenmesi sonucu, 4'üncü maddenin birinci fıkrasının (a) ve (b) bentleri kapsamındaki sigortalılar için çalışma gücünün veya iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı sonucu meslekte kazanma gücünün en az % 60'ını, c) bendi kapsamındaki sigortalılar için çalışma gücünün en az % 60'ını veya vazifelerini yapamayacak şeklide meslekte kazanma gücünü kaybettiği Kurum sağlık kurulunca tespit edilen sigortalı, malul denir.
Başvuru nereye ve nasıl yapılır?
Bu durumun tespiti için bağlı bulunulan sosyal güvenlik il veya merkez müdürlüğünün ilgili servislerine bir dilekçe ile başvurulması gerekmektedir. İlgili servislerce, durum bildirir sağlık kurulu raporlarının temin edileceği yetkili hastanelere sevk işlemi gerçekleştirilir.
Kamu görevlilerinin ise temin edecekleri raporu ve talep dilekçelerini çalıştıkları kuruma ibraz etmeleri gerekmektedir.
Ara karar nedir?
Sigortalının durumu değerlendirilirken, sağlık kurulu raporu veya dosyasındaki karara esas alınacak belgelerin, yetersiz veya eksik olduğu durumlarda; gerekli olan tıbbi bilgi ve belgelerin tamamlanarak daha doğru değerlendirme yapılabilmesi amacıyla verilen karardır.
Kontrol muayene şartı nedir?
Kurum sağlık kurulunca malul olduğuna karar verilmiş olan sigortalı;
a) Kurumca yürütülen soruşturma nedeniyle, b) Maluliyete ilişkin Kurumca verilen karar gereği, c) Malullük, vazife malullüğü aylığı bağlanmış sigortalıların, malullük durumlarında artma veya başka birinin sürekli bakımına muhtaç olduklarına ilişkin talepleri halinde, ç) İhbar ve şikayet halinde,
kontrol muayenesine tabi tutulabilir. Bu kontrol muayenesine ilişkin değerlendirme yine Kurum Sağlık Kurulunca yapılır.
Yapılan değerlendirmeler neticesinde kendisine malullük aylığı bağlananlardan kontrol muayenesi gerek görülenlerce, kararın bildirildiği tebliğ yazısında belirtilen kontrol muayenesi tarihinden önce bağlı bulunulan kurum ünitesine müracaat edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Kurum Sağlık Kurullarının vermiş olduğu kararlara itiraz edilebilir mi?
Kurum Sağlık Kurullarının vermiş olduğu kararlara karşı en yakın Sosyal Güvenlik İl/Merkez Müdürlüğüne verilecek bir dilekçeyle itiraz edilebilir.
İtiraz, Sosyal Sigorta Yüksek Sağlık Kurulunca değerlendirilir. Yüksek Sağlık Kurulu bağımsız bir kurul olup; dosyadaki tüm sağlık kurulu raporları ve dayanağı tıbbi belgeleri inceleyerek karar verir. Kurul kararları nihaidir.
Sürece ilişkin bilgi nereden öğrenilir?
Bağlı bulunulan sosyal güvenlik il/merkez müdürlüğünden gerekli bilgi alınabilir.
İşe girildiği tarihte malul olduğuna karar verilenlerin durumu:
Kurum sağlık Kurullarınca haklarında "işe girdiği tarihte malul olduğuna karar verilenler" yani sigortalı olarak ilk defa işe girildiği tarihte de malul sayılmayı gerektirecek derecede (çalışma gücünüzün %60'ının kaybı) hastalık ve arazlara sahip olanlar hakkında maluliyete ilişkin hükümler uygulanmaz. Bu kişilerin durumu yaşlılık sigortasından erken emeklilik koşulları çerçevesinde değerlendirilir.
Engellilik Raporu'na göre tüm vücut fonksiyon kaybı oranı % 60'dan fazla olanların durumu:
Maluliyet ve engellilik kavramları birbirleri ile çok sık karıştırılmaktadır. Bir sigortalının %60 oranında engellilik oranına sahip olması demek onun aynı zamanda malul sayılması anlamına gelmemektedir. Çünkü engellilik oranı ile malullük oranı farklı yönetmelikler esas alınarak farklı amaçlar için tespit edilen oranlardır.
Engellilik oranının tespitinde kişilerin çalışma durumu göz önüne alınmadan bir değerlendirme yapılırken; malullük tespitinde, sahip olunan hastalık ve arızaların kişinin çalışmasına engel olup olmadığına bakılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kişi belirli bir engellilik oranına sahip olsa bile malul sayılmayabilmektedir. Bazı durumlarda %60 üzeri engellilik oranına sahip olan kişilerin maluliyet taleplerinin reddedilmesi de bu sebepten kaynaklanmaktadır.
Bir engellinin aynı zamanda malul de sayılabilmesi için; vücudunda bulunan hastalık ve arızaların, sigortalının işe başladıktan sonra ortaya çıkmış olması ve maluliyet tespitinde kullanılan kriterlere göre de çalışma gücünde %60 oranında azalmaya sebep olması gerekmektedir.
Malullük aylığı bağlanmasının koşulları nelerdir?
Kurum Sağlık Kurulunca malul sayılan sigortalıların malullük aylığından yararlanabilmeleri için;
En az on yıldır sigortalı olması ve toplam olarak 1800 gün uzun vadeli sigorta kolları primi ödemesi, başka birinin sürekli bakımına muhtaç derecede malul olduğuna karar verilmiş ise sigortalılık süresi şartı aranmaksızın 1800 gün malullük, yaşlılık ve ölüm sigortaları primi bildirilmiş olması,
Maluliyeti nedeniyle sigortalı olarak çalıştığı işten ayrılması, faaliyetine son vermesi ve görevinden ayrılması,
Hizmet akdine bağlı olmaksızın kendi adına ve hesabına bağımsız çalışanların ise kendi sigortalılığı nedeniyle Kuruma genel sağlık sigortası primi dâhil, prim ve prime ilişkin borcu olmaması
Kuruma yazılı dilekçe ile başvurması gerekmektedir.
Malullük aylığı bağlanması için nereye ve nasıl başvurulur?
Sigortalı veya sigortalının işvereni, maluliyet durumunun tespiti için sigortalının bağlı bulunduğu sosyal güvenlik il müdürlüğüne veya en yakın sosyal güvenlik il müdürlüğüne ya da sosyal güvenlik merkezine yazılı olarak başvurmalıdır.
Kişi yazılı olarak başvurunun ardından yetkili sağlık hizmeti sunucularının sağlık kurullarına sevkini yaptıracaktır. Bu sağlık kurullarınca düzenlenen raporun incelenmesi sonucu Kurum Sağlık Kurulu, sigortalının maluliyet şartlarını taşıyıp taşımadığına karar vermektedir.
Malullük aylığı hangi hallerde kesilir?
Malullük aylığı; Sigortalıların 5510 sayılı Kanun kapsamında veya yabancı bir ülke mevzuatı kapsamında çalışmaya başlamaları,
Kontrol muayenesi sonucu malullük durumunun ortadan kalkması, hallerinde kesilir.
Kontrol muayenesi; sigortalının veya hak sahiplerinin malullük, engellilik ve iş göremezlik raporlarında belirtilen rahatsızlıklarının mevcut olup olmadığının tespiti amacıyla Kurumca muayeneye tabi tutulmasıdır.
Vazife malullüğü (Kamu görevlileri)
Vazife malullüğü kavramı, vazife malullüğüne bağlı hak ve yükümlülükler sadece 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanununun 4'üncü maddenin birinci fıkrasının c) bendi kapsamındaki sigortalılar (kamu görevlileri) için uygulanmaktadır.
Bu kapsamdaki sigortalıların malullükleri;
Vazifelerini yaptıkları sırada, Vazifeleri dışında idarelerince görevlendirildikleri herhangi bir kamu idaresine ait başka işleri yaparken bu işlerden, Kurumlarının menfaatini korumak maksadıyla bir iş yaparken, İdarelerince sağlanan bir taşıtla işe gelişi ve işten dönüşü sırasında, İşyerinde meydana gelen kazadan doğmuş olursa, buna vazife malullüğü ve bunlara uğrayanlara da vazife malûlü denilmektedir.
Vazife malullüğü için nereye ve nasıl başvurulur?
Bir sigortalının vazife malulü sayılabilmesi için;
Aktif olarak çalışan sigortalılar bağlı bulundukları kurumlara, İşinden ayrılanlar ise Emeklilik Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Kamu Görevlileri Emeklilik Daire Başkanlığına başvuruda bulunabilirler.
Hangi hallerde vazife malullüğü hükümleri uygulanmaz?
Vazife malullüğü kamu görevlisi sigortalının;
a-) Keyif verici içki ve her çeşit maddeler kullanırken, b-) Kanun, tüzük ve emir dışında hareket ederken, c-) Yasak fiilleri yaparken, d-) İntihara teşebbüsten, e-) Her ne suretle olursa olsun kendisine veya başkalarına menfaat sağlama veya zarar verme çabasında içindeyken meydana gelmesi halinde, bu durumdaki kamu görevlisi sigortalılar hakkında vazife malullüğü hükümleri uygulanmaz.