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Swap nedir ? Swap ne demek ? Swap anlaşması nın gündeme gelmesiyle birlikte ekonomiyle ilgilenen vatandaşlar da swap anlaşması ne demek sorusuna yanıt arıyor. Ekonomistlerle bir araya gelen Hazine ve Maliye Bakanı Berat Albayrak Merkez Bankası'nın swap konusunda yoğun teknik çalışmalar yürüttüğünü ifade etti, Albayrak son haftalarda büyük grupların Türkiye'de üretim yapma konusunda görüşmelerde bulunduğunu açıkladı.
SWAP ANLAŞMASI AÇIKLAMASI
Hazine ve Maliye Bakanı Berat Albayrak ekonomistler ve gazetecilerle bir araya geldi. Buradaki konuşmasında swap görüşmelerinin devam ettiğini belirten Albayrak; "Merkez Bankası çok yoğun teknik çalışmalar yürütüyor. Süreç bizi bu konuyu hızlandırmaya itti" yorumunu yaptı. Bakan Albayrak, istihdam konusunda "çok ciddi" bir paketin hazırlandığını duyurdu.
Albayrak Türkiye'nin koronavirüs pandemisinden daha az etkilenen ülkelerden biri olması için çalıştıklarını belirtti. Bu süreçte Türkiye'nin pozitif ayrışacağını kaydeden Bakan bu olağanüstü dönemde önceliklerinin bütçe dengesi değil, istihdam ve etkilenen sektörleri kalkan içine almak olduğunu söyledi.
Olağanüstü dönemin hızlı kararlar almayı gerektirdiğini söyleyen Albayrak normalleşme sürecinde düzenlemelerin etkinliğini yakından izlediklerini belirtti.
Albayrak iktisadi faaliyette canlanmaya bağlı olarak bütçe rakamlarında Mayıs'ta toparlanma olacağını vurguladı.
Altın ve Dövizdeki vergilere dair Bakan şunları söyledi, "Bağımsız bir ülkeyseniz o ülkenin para biriminin itibarını korumalısınız. Dünyada Türkiye kadar sermaye hareketi rahatlığı kolaylığı olan ülke var mı? Bu kadar hızlı işlem yapılabilen kaç ülke var? Ben anlatmaktan yoruluyorum. Belli dönemlerde finansal güvenlik konusunda tedbir almak gerekiyor. Türk varlıkları daha cazip kılmak için çalışmaya devam edeceğiz."
SWAP ANLAŞMASI NE DEMEK?
Swap anlaşması ile ülkeler arası swap hattı kurulmaktadır. Fed'in 2007 yılında Avrupa Merkez Bankası (ECB) ve İsviçre Ulusal Bankası ile başlattığı bir uygulama. Amacı ise Fed'in internet sitesinde şu şekilde açıklanmaktadır:
"Dolar likidite swap hatları, ABD finans piyasaları üzerinde yurt dışındaki mali baskılardan kaynaklanan riskleri azaltarak, ABD'li hanehalkı ve ticari işletmelerine kredi akışının devam etmesini sağlamak amacıyla tasarlandı."
SWAP NEDİR?
Swap yani bir diğer adıyla takas; iki tarafın bir varlık veya yükümlülüğe bağlı olan nakit akışını aralarında değiştirdikleri işleme verilen isimdir. Swap işlemlerinde, faiz oranları ile döviz kurlarındaki değişmeler sonucunda ortaya çıkan riski en aza indirmek amaçlanıyor. Swap, özellikle döviz kurlarında oynaklığın yaşandığı zamanlarda yatırımcının bu oynaklıktan kaynaklanan riskinin önünü alması için önemli bir araç olarak ortaya çıkıyor.
Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Ağustos 2018'de Türk Lirası'nda yaşanan hızlı değer kaybının ve hareketliliğin önüne geçmek için bankaların swap işlemlerine kısıtlama getirmişti. BDDK'nın aldığı bu önlem, TL'nin kayıplarını geri almasında ön ayak olmuştu.
Para swapları nedir?
İlk modern para swapı 1982 yılında Dünya Bankası ve IBM arasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve sabit faizli Alman Markı ve İsviçre Frankı borçlarının Dünya Bankası'ndan sağlanan US Dolar borcu ile swap edilmesini içermiştir.
Bir para swapı iki taraf arasında, belirlenen tutarda bir paranın başka bir para ile değiştirilmesi ve belirli bir süre sonunda değiştirilen ana paraların geri verilmesini içeren bir anlaşma olarak tanımlanabilir.
Varlık swapları nedir?
Swap işlemlerinin risk yönetiminde bir yatırım aracı olarak kullanılması olanağı, varlık swaplarının ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. Özellikle 1980'li yılların yarısından itibaren swapların bu amaçla kullanılmasında büyük artışlar görülmeye başlanmıştır.
Varlık swapları, sentetik bir varlık yaratmak için bir varlık ve bir swapın kombine edilmesinden oluşur. Örneğin, aynı para birimi veya farklı para birimi üzerinden sabit faizli bir varlık, değişken faizli bir varlığa dönüştürülebilir.
Faiz swapı nedir?
Faiz swapları, piyasaya çıktıkları 1980'li yıllardan itibaren dünya çapında gittikçe büyüyen bir hacme ulaşmışlardır. Faiz swaplarının büyük bir çoğunluğu Amerikan Doları ile yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte özellikle 1985 yılından itibaren önde gelen diğer para birimleri üzerinden de faiz swapı işlemleri yapılmaya başlanmış ve gittikçe yaygınlaşmıştır.
İşlem hacmi bakımından faiz swapları, swap türleri arasında en başta gelenlerden biridir. Bir faiz oranı swapı, tarafların anlaştıkları varsayımsal ana para tutarına bağlı olarak hesaplanan sabit faiz ödemeleri ile dalgalı faiz ödemelerinin aynı para birimi üzerinden birbirleri ile değiştirilmesine ilişkin iki taraf arasında yapılan bir anlaşmadır.
Borç – sermaye swapı nedir?
Borç verenin alacağına karşılık kendisine ilgili ülkenin bir kurumunun hisse senedinin verilmesi halidir.
Çapraz döviz swapı nedir?
Döviz swapının faiz swapı ile birlikte kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan diğer bir swap türü çapraz döviz swaplarıdır. Çapraz döviz swaplarında, farklı para birimleri ve farklı faiz yapısı üzerine (sabit veya değişken) borçlanan taraflar, diğer tarafın borcuna ilişkin anapara ve faiz ödemelerini yerine getirmek üzere anlaşırlar.
Swap işleminin avantajları nelerdir?
– Kredi arbitrajı sayesinde işletmeler, fonlama maliyetlerini azaltabilir.
– İşletmelerde etkin aktif ve pasif yönetimi sağlar.
– Farklı piyasalara erişim imkanı sağlar.
– Yeni kredi kullanma maliyetinin altında bir maliyetle yeni kaynaklara ulaşım imkanı sağlar.
– Farklı vadelerle sözleşme imkanı sağlar.
– Ticari sırları korumaya imkan verir.
– Üstlenilmiş olan riskleri azaltıcı veya ortadan kaldırıcı etki yaratır.