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Türkiye 'de işlem gören yatırım fonlarına talep, yatırımcıların Türkiye Elektronik Fon Dağıtım Platformu'na (TEFAS ) alışmasının da etkisiyle hızla artmaya devam ederken, fon büyüklüğü ve yatırımcı sayısında rekor üstüne rekor kırılıyor.
Takasbank 'tan derlenen verilere göre, yatırım fonlarının portföy büyüklüğü ve yatırımcı sayısındaki artış, geçen ay da devam etti ve rekor seviyeye ulaştı.
Yatırım fonlarının toplam büyüklüğü 150 milyar lirayı aşarak tüm zamanların en yüksek seviyesine çıkarken, fonları tercih eden yatırımcı sayısı da 3 milyon 100 bine yaklaştı. Yatırım fonlarının geçen yılın sonunda 122 milyar 725 milyon lira olan portföy büyüklüğü, mayıs ayı verilerine göre yaklaşık 31 milyar lira, yani yüzde 25,2 artarak 153 milyar 689 milyon liraya ulaştı.
FON PAZARINA 5 AYDA YAKLAŞIK 89 BİN KİŞİ KATILDI TEFAS uygulamasına alışarak uygulamayı aktif kullanmaya başlayan yatırımcıların getirilerinin artmasının yanı sıra yılın ilk 5 ayında hisse senedi ve altın gibi büyük ilgi gören fonların cazip hale gelmesinin etkisiyle yatırım fonlarını tercih eden yatırımcı sayısı 88 bin 607 kişi arttı. Mayıs sonu itibarıyla 3 milyon 85 bin 478 yatırımcı, fonları tercih ederken, bu sayı, geçen yılın sonunda 2 milyon 996 bin 871 seviyesinde bulunuyordu.
2015 yılında faaliyete başlayan TEFAS , 2018 yılında mobil uygulamasını hayata geçirerek fon yatırımcılarının vazgeçilmez platformu oldu. Uygulama sayesinde tüm fonlara ilişkin genel bilgilerin yanı sıra fonların portföy dağılımına, fiyatına, getirisine ve diğer temel verilerine karşılaştırmalı olarak erişilebiliyor. TEFAS'ın geliştirdiği uygulamalar ile yatırımcılar her yerden, istedikleri anda fon bilgilerine erişim imkanına kavuşarak bu sayede fon işlemlerini daha aktif bir şekilde gerçekleştirebiliyor. DÜŞEN FAİZLER, YATIRIMCIYI GETİRİ ARAYIŞINA YÖNELTTİ 2019 yılında fon sayılarına bağlı olarak büyümeye başlayan toplam portföyün, 2020'nin ilk 5 ayında da yeni yatırımcılarla desteklendiği görülüyor.
Fon pazarını tercih eden yatırımcıların büyük bir kısmı yerli gerçek kişilerden oluşuyor. Mayıs sonu itibarıyla yatırım fonlarını tercih eden gerçek kişi sayısı 2 milyon 966 bin 720'ye ulaşırken, tüzel ve diğer kişiler 118 bin 758 oldu. Ata Portföy Genel Müdürü Mehmet Gerz , konuya ilişkin AA muhabirine yaptığı açıklamada, küresel ekonomide yeni tip koronavirüs (Kovid-19) salgını nedeniyle sert bir daralma olunca merkez bankalarının faiz leri hızla aşağı çekip para bastığını, hükümetlerin de mali destek harcamaları yaptığını anlattı.
Gerz, "Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası'nın fonlama faiz ini yüzde 8,25'e indirmesi ile birlikte bankalar, TL mevduat faizlerini yüzde 8'e kadar düşürdüler. Mevduattaki yüzde 15 stopaj da düşünce net faiz yüzde 7'ye indi. Cari enflasyon la da TCMB 'nin enflasyon beklentisiyle baktığımızda reel faiz eksi seviyelerde buluyor." diye konuştu. Faizlerin düşmesinin ardından yerli tasarrufların bir süredir getiri arayışı ile döviz , kıymetli maden ve hisse senedine yöneldiğini aktaran Gerz, bu dönemde dövizde Eurobond fonları, kıymetli madende altın fonları, hisse senedi içeren değişken ve çoklu varlık fonlarının öne çıktığını kaydetti.
"TOPLAM FON YATIRIMCI SAYISI 15 MİLYONA ULAŞTI" Mehmet Gerz , yatırım fonlarında 3,1 milyon, Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi'nde (BES ) gönüllü olarak 6,8 milyon ve Otomatik Katılım Sistemi'nde (OKS) 5,5 milyon olmak üzere toplam 12,3 milyon hesap bulunduğunu belirterek, "Aradaki kesişimleri ihmal edersek ülkemizde fon yatırımcı sayısının 15 milyona ulaştığını söyleyebiliriz. 82 milyon nüfuslu Türkiye için önemli bir rakam olsa da kişi başı ortalama birikim tutarının oldukça düşük olduğunu görüyoruz." dedi. Kişi başı yatırım fonu tutarının 46 bin 500 TL, gönüllü BES'te kişi başı hesap bakiyesinin 9 bin 600 TL ve OKS'de ise 1.750 TL olduğunu, bütün fon sektörüne bakıldığında da kişi başı ortalama fon yatırımının 20 bin TL seviyesinde bulunduğunu aktaran Gerz, 30 yıllık modern borsa tarihine rağmen yerli yatırımcıların sermaye piyasalarında değerlendirdiği tasarrufların halen çok düşük seviyede kaldığını söyledi. Gerz, Türkiye'de yatırım ve emeklilik fonları altyapısının Avrupa ayarında olduğuna işaret ederek, fon yatırımlarının yeterince gelişmemesinde, enflasyon ist ortam ve dönem dönem TL'deki değer kayıplarının önemli faktör olduğunu vurguladı. Yatırım sektöründen ve yatırımcı bilgi seviyesinden kaynaklanan sorunların da pazarın büyümesinin önündeki engellerden olduğunu aktaran Gerz, şöyle konuştu: "Örneğin, yıllarca yatırım fonlarının şeffaflığı ve güvenilirliği sorgulandı. 15 yıl kadar önce BES kurulurken bu sorunlar giderildi. Fonlara uygulanan komisyonlara makul üst sınırlar geldi. Fonların yönetimine dair kurallar dünya standartlarına paralel hale getirildi. Son 5 yıldır, TEFAS 'ın devreye girmesiyle sektörde rekabetin arttığını ve fon yönetim performansının yükselmeye başladığını söyleyebiliriz."
BÜYÜME İÇİN "BAĞIMSIZ YATIRIM DANIŞMANLIĞI" ÖNERİSİ Ata Potföy Genel Müdürü Gerz, fonlara yatırım yapma, hisse senedi ya da BES 'te fon seçmenin oldukça teknik bir konu olduğunu, temel finansal okuryazarlığı olan eğitimli bireylerin dahi hangi varlıklara ne oranda yatırım yapacağını bilemediğini söyledi. Gelişmiş ülkelerde bu hizmetin bağımsız yatırım danışmanları tarafından verildiğini aktaran Gerz, şunları kaydetti: "ABD'de bireysel yatırımcıların yüzde 40'ı bağımsız finansal danışman kullanmaktadır. Türkiye 'de ise yatırım danışmanlığı banka, aracı kurum ve portföy şirketlerinde sınırlı şekilde sağlanmakta, küçük ve orta ölçekli yatırımcı bu yönlendirmeden yoksun kalarak yanlış kaynaklara başvurmaktadır.
Bağımsız danışmanlık müesseseleri SPK izni ile kurulursa sigorta acenteleri gibi bireysel yatırımcılara hisse senedi, yatırım fonu, bireysel emeklilik ve hatta konut ve ihtiyaç kredisi hakkında danışmanlık verebilir. 15 milyona varan yatırımcının ihtiyacı olan bu hizmeti verecek olanlar, kısa sürede gerekli SPK lisans sınavları ile yetkili danışman olarak belgelenebilir. Binlerce danışmanın etik olarak kontrol edilmesi kolay olmayacaktır ama bu zorluktan dolayı bunun yaratacağı artı değer daha fazla gözardı edilmemelidir."