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Erken emeklilik yüz binlerce vatandaşın gün aşırı araştırdığı konular arasında yer alıyor. Yaş şartı olmadan sağlık sorunları nedeniyle erken emekli olmak isteyen vatandaşların sağlamaları gereken bazı şartlar bulunuyor. Bu şartların başında iş gücü kaybı oranı, malulen emeklilik için gerekli prim gününün tamamlanmış olması ve diğer koşullar gerekiyor. Binlerce vatandaş prim şartını yerine getirip yaş engeline takılırken, binlerce vatandaş ise yaş şartını yerine getirmesine rağmen prim eksiği nedeniyle emekli aylığı alamıyor. 45 meslekte yıpranma ile erken emeklilik mümkün. Peki, erken emeklilik şartları neler? Yıpranma hakkı, askerlik borçlanması ve doğum borçlanması kimleri kapsıyor? İşte son dakika haberi ve detaylar takvim.com.tr 'de
YAŞ ŞARTI OLMADAN ERKEN EMEKLİLİK
Yaş şartı olmadan sağlık sorunları nedeniyle erken emekli olmak isteyen vatandaşların sağlamaları gereken bazı şartlar bulunuyor. Bu şartların başında iş gücü kaybı oranı, malulen emeklilik için gerekli prim gününün tamamlanmış olması ve diğer koşullar.
Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu'nun mevzuatında yer alan bu koşullar şunlar;
* Malulen emeklilik talep edilecek sağlık sorununun iş hayatına başladıktan sonra ortaya çıkmış olması.
* Malulen emekliye ayrılacak olan kişinin ister 4A (SSK) ister 4B (Bağ-Kur) ister de 4C (Emekli Sandığı ) kapsamında olduğu fark etmeksizin sigortalı çalışmaya başlamasının ardından 10 yıl geçmesi gerekmektedir. 10 yıllık bu çalışma süresi boyunca çalışanın en az 1800 günlük bir prim ödemesi ve hizmet süresi olmalıdır.
* Söz konusu sağlık sorununun çalışma gücünün yüzde 60 oranında azalmasına neden olması.
MALULEN EMEKLİLİĞE NEDEN OLAN PSİKİYATRİ HASTALIKLARI
IQ Düşüklüğü, şizofreni ve alt tipleri, şizoafektif bozukluk, sanrısal bozukluklar, atipik veya başka türlü sınıflandırılamayan psikozlar, bipolar bozukluk, beyin hasarı, beyin işlev bozukluğuna bağlı davranış bozuklukları, psikotik özellikli kronik obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, kronik travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve komorbiditesi, beyin hasarı, beyin işlev bozukluğu ve bedensel hastalıklara bağlı ruhsal bozukluklar, Yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar.
YIPRANMA HAKKI NASIL HESAPLANIYOR?
Örneğin yıpranma payı hakkına sahip olan mesleklerde çalışana çalıştıkları her yıl için ilave 90 gün fiili hizmet zam mı veriliyorsa, 12 ay çalışan bir personel, 15 ay çalışmış gibi kabul ediliyor. Buna göre, normalde her yıl emeklilikte 360 gün olarak kabul edilirken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki mesleklerde her yıl 360 güne ilave olarak 60 ile 180 gün arasında değişen oranlarda prim ödeme gün sayısı ilave ediliyor. Yani, normal bir işte çalışanın emekliliğinde yılda 360 gün dikkate alınırken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki işlerde 420 ile 540 gün arasında prim ödeme günü dikkate alınıyor.
YIPRANMA HAKKI KİMLERİ KAPSIYOR?
Kurşun ve arsenik işlerinde çalışanlar 60 - 90 günCam fabrika ve atölyelerinde çalışanlar 60 günCıva üretimi işleri sanayinde çalışanlar 90 günÇimento fabrikalarında çalışanlar 60 günKok fabrikalarıyla Termik santrallerde çalışanlar 60 günAlüminyum fabrikalarında çalışanlar 60 günDemir ve çelik fabrikalarında çalışanlar 90 günDöküm fabrikalarında çalışanlar 60 günAsit üretimi yapan yerlerde çalışanlar 90 ile 180 günMadenlerin yer altında çalışanları 180 günRadyoaktif ve doğal ve yapay radyoaktif, radyoiyonizan maddeler radyoiyonizan maddelerle veya bütün diğer korpüsküler emanasyon kaynakları yapılan işler ile yapılan işlerde çalışanlar 90 gün.Su altında çalışanlar 60 gün
YIPRANMA HAKKI NEDİR?
Yıpranma payı ile çalışma koşulları ağır olan mesleklerden daha çabuk emekli olunması amaçlanıyor. 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu 'nda "fiili hizmet zam mı" olarak geçen yıpranma payı ile çalışma koşullarının ağır olması sebebiyle diğer mesleklere nazaran daha fazla efor sarf edilen ve diğer mesleklerden daha fazla yıpranmaya maruz kalınan işlerde daha çabuk emekli olunması amaçlanıyor.Örneğin yıpranma payı hakkına sahip olan mesleklerde çalışana çalıştıkları her yıl için ilave 90 gün fiili hizmet zammı veriliyorsa, 12 ay çalışan bir personel, 15 ay çalışmış gibi kabul ediliyor. Buna göre, normalde her yıl emeklilikte 360 gün olarak kabul edilirken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki mesleklerde her yıl 360 güne ilave olarak 60 ile 180 gün arasında değişen oranlarda prim ödeme gün sayısı ilave ediliyor. Yani, normal bir işte çalışanın emekliliğinde yılda 360 gün dikkate alınırken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki işlerde 420 ile 540 gün arasında prim ödeme günü dikkate alınıyor..
DOĞUM BORÇLANMASI NASIL YAPILIR?
Doğum nedeniyle çalışma hayatından kopan kadınların diğer çalışanlardan geri kalmamaları için tanınan doğum borçlanması sayesinde erkek sigortalıların askerlik borçlanması gibi kadın sigortalılar da doğum borçlanması yoluyla Bağkur erken emeklilik müjdesi 2019 yılında da önceki yıllarda olduğu gibi yakalayabilirler. Bu kapsamda doğum borçlanması yapacak kişilerin sigorta başlangıç tarihinden sonra doğum yapmış olmaları gerekmektedir.Sigortalılık öncesi doğumlar borçlanılamaz. 2014 yılında yapılan değişiklikler ile SSK, Bağkur ve Emekli sandığı türlerinden hangisine tabi olursa olsun tüm sigortalılara doğum borçlanması yapma hakkı tanınmıştır.Yine 2014 yılında yapılan değişiklik sayesinde önceden 2 çocuğa kadar olan doğum borçlanması 3 çocuğa çıkarılarak, 3 kez doğum yapan bir kadın sigortalının 2 bin 160 güne kadar borçlanma hakkına kavuşması sağlanmıştır..Bu sayede kadın sigortalılar doğum yaptıkları ve çalışamadıkları süreleri kapsayan prim günlerini ödeyerek prim gün sayılarını arttırarak emeklilik tarihlerini öne çekebilmektedirler. Ancak erkek sigortalıların askerlik borçlanmalarında olduğu gibi kadın sigortalıların da her doğum borçlanması erken emeklilik anlamına gelmemektedir. Bunun için kadın sigortalının emeklilik yaşında prim sayısı yetmiyorsa avantaj sağlar, çalışma hayatına staj ile başlayan erken yaşta sigortalı olan kadınlar için büyük bir avantaj olabilir.
TOPLU ÖDEME İLE ERKEN EMEKLİ OLUNABİLİR Mİ?
Her çalışan haklı olarak bir gün emekli olmayı hayal ediyor. Ülkemizde bunun yolu da belli sayıda gün prim ödemek, belli yaşa gelmek ve belli bir sigortalı yılını doldurmak isteniyor. Yasalarımız geçmiş yıllarda çalışılmayan dönemler için geriye dönük ödeme imkânı tanımıyor. Ancak bazı istisnalar ile toplu ödeme yaparak bu günleri satın almak mümkün olabiliyor.Sigortalıların borçlanma yapabilecekleri süreler 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu 'nun 41. Maddesi ile düzenlenmiş.
1) Kadınlar sigortadan sonra üç çocuğa kadar doğum borçlanması yaparak
2.160 günü toplu ödeme ile satın alabiliyor. Er veya erbaş olarak silah altında veya yedek subay okulunda geçen süreleri toplu olarak ödemek mümkün.
3) Emekli Sandığı 'na tabi çalışan memurların, ücretsiz izin süreleri borçlanılabiliyor.
4) Sigortalı olmaksızın doktora öğrenimi veya tıpta uzmanlık için yurt içinde veya yurt dışında geçirdikleri normal doktora veya uzmanlık öğrenim süreleri borçlanılarak emeklilik hesabında kullanılıyor.
5) Sigortalı olmaksızın avukatlık stajını yapanların normal staj süreleri de borçlanılabiliyor..
6) Sigortalı iken herhangi bir suçtan tutuklanan veya gözaltına alınanlardan bu suçtan dolayı beraat edenlerin tutuklulukta veya gözaltında geçen süreleri de borçlanılabiliyor.
7) Grev ve lokavtta geçen süreleri de borçlanmak mümkün.
8) Hekimlerin fahrî asistanlıkta geçen süreleri borçlanılıyor.
9) Seçim kanunları gereğince görevlerinden istifa edenlerin, açıkta geçirdikleri süreleri borçlanma imkânları bulunuyor.
10) Part-time çalışanlar, 30 günden az çalışması olanlar, ücretli öğretmenler bu süreleri borçlanarak 30 güne tamamlayın.
YIPRANMA HAKKI NEDİR?
Yıpranma payı ile çalışma koşulları ağır olan mesleklerden daha çabuk emekli olunması amaçlanıyor. 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu 'nda "fiili hizmet zam mı" olarak geçen yıpranma payı ile çalışma koşullarının ağır olması sebebiyle diğer mesleklere nazaran daha fazla efor sarf edilen ve diğer mesleklerden daha fazla yıpranmaya maruz kalınan işlerde daha çabuk emekli olunması amaçlanıyor
Örneğin yıpranma payı hakkına sahip olan mesleklerde çalışana çalıştıkları her yıl için ilave 90 gün fiili hizmet zammı veriliyorsa, 12 ay çalışan bir personel, 15 ay çalışmış gibi kabul ediliyor.Buna göre, normalde her yıl emeklilikte 360 gün olarak kabul edilirken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki mesleklerde her yıl 360 güne ilave olarak 60 ile 180 gün arasında değişen oranlarda prim ödeme gün sayısı ilave ediliyor.Yani, normal bir işte çalışanın emekliliğinde yılda 360 gün dikkate alınırken, fiili hizmet zammı kapsamındaki işlerde 420 ile 540 gün arasında prim ödeme günü dikkate alınıyor..