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Türkiye , 2003 yılından bu yana sanayiden finansa, enerji den ulaşıma, madencilikten perakendeye pek çok alanda 165 milyar dolarlık doğrudan yabancı yatırım çekerken, Hollanda , ABD ve İngiltere toplam yatırımların 3'te birini gerçekleştirdi.
Türkiye, coğrafi konumu ve strateji öneminin yanı sıra uluslararası yatırımcılara uzun vadede sunduğu cazip imkanlarla dünyanın her bölgesinden doğrudan sermaye yatırımı çeken ülke konumunu pekiştirdi. 2000'li yıllara kadar milyon dolarlar seviyelerinde gerçekleşen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, bu yıldan itibaren hızlı bir artış sürecine girdi.
Sanayiden finansa, enerjiden ulaşıma, madencilikten perakendeye kadar pek çok alanda yabancı yatırımcı çeken Türkiye, Avrupa ve Orta Doğu pazarlarına yakınlığı ile de yatırımcılar için tercih edilen ülkelerin başında geldi.
Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) verilerinden derlenen bilgiye göre yaklaşık 18 yılda yurt dışında yerleşik kişilerin Türkiye'deki doğrudan yatırımları 164,6 milyar dolar düzeyinde gerçekleşti. 2007 yılında 19,1 milyar dolarla tarihin en yüksek doğrudan yabancı yatırım ı çekildi.
Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım Avrupa'dan gelirken, yıllar itibarıyla bu bölgeden gelen yatırımların toplam yatırımlar içindeki payı yüzde 60 ile 87 arasında değişti. 18 yıllık dönemde Avrupa'dan 120,1 milyar dolar, Asya'dan 29 milyar dolar, Amerika'dan 14,3 milyar dolar yatırım geldi.
HOLLANDA YATIRIMDA İLK SIRADA Türkiye'nin en büyük yatırım ortağı konumundaki Hollanda , son 18 yılda liman ve lojistik, gayrimenkul ve inşaat, tarım, havacılık, gıda, elektronik, otomotiv yan sanayi, sağlık turizm i gibi alanlarda yatırım yaptı.
Hollanda söz konusu dönemde Türkiye 'de 26,2 milyar dolarlık yatırımda bulundu. Toplam yatırımların yüzde 16'sını tek başına yapan Hollanda, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018 ve 2019'da Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ülke oldu. Geçen yıl Türkiye'ye 1,2 milyar dolarlık yatırım yapan Hollanda, bu yılın 9 ayında 396 milyon dolarlık yatırım sağladı.
DOĞRUDAN YATIRIMLARIN YÜZDE 15'İ ABD VE İNGİLTERE'DEN ABD , Hollanda'nın ardından Türkiye'de en fazla yatırım yapan ikinci ülke oldu. ABD, finans, gıda, teknoloji gibi pek çok alanlarda 18 yıllık dönemde Türkiye'ye 12,9 milyar dolarlık doğrudan yatırım yaptı. ABD, Türkiye'ye en büyük yatırımını 2007 yılında bankacılık alanında gerçekleştirdi. 2007 yılında Türkiye'ye toplam 4,2 milyar dolarlık yatırım yapan ABD, sonraki yıllarda da yatırımlarını kademeli olarak artırdı. ABD, 2007, 2011, 2015 ve 2020 yıllarında Türkiye'ye en çok yatırım yapan ilk 5 ülke arasında yerini aldı. Toplam yatırımlar içinde ABD'nin payı yüzde 7,8 oldu.
Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan 3. ülke İngiltere oldu. İngiltere, Türkiye'ye 18 yıl boyunca 11,6 milyar dolarlık yatırım yaptı. İngiltere, 2012 yılında 2 milyar dolarla Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ülke oldu. İngiltere, Türkiye'de en çok altyapı, enerji , gıda, turizm , finans ve telekomünikasyon alanlarında yatırım yaptı. Son 18 yılda Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ilk beş ülke arasında 11 kez yer alan İngiltere'nin, toplam yatırımlar içindeki payı yüzde 7,1 olarak kayıtlara geçti.
ABD ve İngiltere , 18 yılda 24,5 milyar dolarla tüm yatırımların yüzde 15'ini birlikte gerçekleştirdi
AVUSTURYA ÜÇ YIL ÜST ÜSTE EN ÇOK YATIRIM YAPAN ÜLKE OLDU Avusturya , 2006 yılından itibaren Türkiye 'deki yatırımlarını artırarak, 2009, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ülke konumuna yükseldi. Yatırımlarını özellikle toptan ve perakende ticaret ve enerji sektörlerinde yoğunlaştıran Avusturya, 2009'da 1 milyar dolar, 2010'da 1,6 milyar dolar ve 2011'de 2,4 milyar dolar yatırım yaptı.
18 yıllık süreçte Türkiye'de toplamda 10,6 milyar dolarlık yatırımla Avusturya, en çok yatırım yapan ülkeler arasında 4. sırada yer aldı.
ALMANYA, TÜRKİYE YATIRIMDA 5. SIRADA Ekonomik ve siyasi alanda köklü geçmişi olan Türkiye ve Almanya arasında doğrudan yatırım açısından da son 18 yılda mesafeler alındı. Otomotiv , sanayi, enerji, petrokimya ve daha birçok alanda yatırım yapan Alman şirketleri, bölgesel merkez olarak Türkiye'yi tercih etti.
Son 18 yılda 10,1 milyar dolarlık yatırım yaparak 5. sırada yer alan Almanya, 2 milyar dolarla 2013 yılında Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ülke oldu.
YATIRIMDA ÖNE ÇIKAN ÜLKELER Türkiye 'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ilk on ülke arasında Lüksemburg, İspanya , Belçika, Fransa ve Azerbaycan yer alıyor. Bu ülkeler, bankacılık, sigorta , enerji , otomotiv , petrokimya, gıda gibi pek çok alanda yatırım gerçekleştirdi. Fransa 2005, Lüksemburg 2008 ve İspanya 2015 yıllarında Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırım yapan ülke oldu. İtalya, 9 aylık dönemde 966 milyon dolarla en fazla yatırım yapan ülke konumunda yer aldı.
Bu beş ülkenin 18 yılda Türkiye'deki toplam yatırım büyüklüğü 42,3 milyar dolara ulaştı.
KÖRFEZ ÜLKELERİNİN YATIRIMI Körfez ülkelerinin Türkiye'de sanayiden finansa, perakendeden medyaya kadar birçok alanda yatırımı bulunuyor. Son 18 yılda Körfez ülkelerinin Türkiye'ye yatırımı 11,4 milyar dolar oldu. En yüksek yatırımlar 2005, 2006 ve 2008 yıllarında yapıldı. Bu yıllarda sırasıyla 1,7 milyar dolar, 1,8 milyar dolar ve 2 milyar dolar yatırım gerçekleştirildi.
Bu ülkeler arasında Türkiye'ye en fazla yatırımı 4,3 milyar dolarla Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) yaptı. Körfez ülkeleri arasında Katar 2,7 milyar dolarla sıralamada ikinci olsa da yatırım yapan tüm ülkeler arasında 17. oldu.
Körfez ülkeleri arasında 3. sırada 2 milyar dolarla Suudi Arabistan ve 4. sırada 1,9 milyar dolarla Kuveyt yerini aldı.
SON 5 YILDA GELEN YATIRIM 30 MİLYAR DOLARI AŞTI Türkiye 'ye son 5 yıllık dönemde gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırım 31,9 milyar dolar oldu. En fazla yatırımı yapan ülke 5,2 milyar dolarla Hollanda olurken, bu ülkeyi 3,1 milyar dolarla İngiltere , 2,7 milyar dolarla Azerbaycan , 2,2 milyar dolarla İspanya ve 2,1 milyar dolarla ABD takip etti.
Söz konusu dönemde yatırımların yüzde 65'i Avrupa'dan ve yüzde 26'sı Asya'dan geldi. Körfez ülkelerinden gelen yatırım tutarı 2,2 milyar dolar oldu.
EN FAZLA YATIRIM FİNANS SEKTÖRÜNE Yabancı yatırımcılar 18 yıllık dönemde 54,2 milyar dolarlık yatırımla finans ve sigorta sektörüne yaptı. Enerji sektörüne 18,1 milyar dolar, bilişim ve iletişime 14,4 milyar dolar, toptan ve perakende ticarete 11,1 milyar dolar ve gıda sektörüne 9,3 milyar dolar yatırım yapan yabancı yatırımcılar, madencilik alanında da 3,5 milyar dolarlık yatırım gerçekleştirdi.
Böylece söz konusu dönemde toplam yatırımların yüzde 33'ü finans sektörüne, yüzde 11'i enerji alanına, yüzde 9'u bilişim ve iletişim sektörüne, yüzde 7'si toptan ve perakende ticaret ve yüzde 6'sı gıda sektörüne yapıldı.
2003 yılından Eylül 2020'a kadar geçen sürede Türkiye'ye en fazla doğrudan yabancı yatırım yapan ilk 20 ülkenin yatırım tutarları ve toplam yatırımdan aldığı paylar şöyle: