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TBMM Genel Kurulu 'nda, kamuoyunda 6'ıncı Yargı Paketi olarak bilinen, Hakimler ve Savcılar Kanunu ve Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun Teklifi kabul edildi. Kabul edilen kanunla birlikte noterlere gayrimenkul satışı yetkisi de verilecek.
Kanunla, boşalan veya açılan noterliklere yapılan atamalardan vazgeçmenin hangi süre içinde yapılacağı da düzenleniyor. Atanma veya nakil talebinde bulunan başvuru sahiplerinin vazgeçme talepleri, ilan tarihinden itibaren 1 ay içinde iletilmesi kaydıyla atama işleminde değerlendirilecek. Aksi halde vazgeçme talebi dikkate alınmayacak.
Noterin göreve başlamasına ilişkin zorunluluk ile haklı bir neden olmaksızın bu zorunluluğa uyulmaması durumunda noter istifa etmiş sayılacak. Noter, atama veya nakle ilişkin kararın Adalet Bakanlığının resmi internet sitesinde ilanından itibaren 1 ay içinde yeni görevine başlayacak. Atanan veya nakledilen noterin henüz çalıştığı yere ilişkin noterlik sıfatı, Cumhuriyet savcı sının huzurunda yapılacak devir ve teslim işleminin bitmesiyle sona erecek, yeni yer noterlik sıfatı ise bu yere fiilen başlama tarihinde kazanılmış olacak.
Atama kararının tebliğinden önce noterin vazgeçme hakkını kullanabileceğine ilişkin hüküm yürürlükten kaldırılacak.
Noterlere ilişkin düzenlemeler, 1 Ocak 2023'te yürürlüğe girecek.
NOTERLER, TAŞINMAZ SATIŞ VAADİ SÖZLEŞMESİ YAPABİLECEK - TBMM Genel Kurulu nda kabul edilen Hakimler ve Savcılar Kanunu ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun ile noterler, taşınmaz satış vaadi sözleşmesi yapabilecek, bu s��zleşmeyi taraflardan birinin talep etmesi, harç ve giderleri ödemesi halinde tapu bilişim sistemi vasıtasıyla tapu sicil ine şerh verebilecek, taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi yapabilecek.
Taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi noterler tarafından da yapılabilecek.
Noterler, taşınmaz satış başvurusu üzerine başvuru belgesi düzenleyecek, taşınmaz üzerindeki her türlü kısıtlamayı dikkate alacak ve taşınmaz satışıyla ilgili diğer kanunlarda yer alan sınırlamalar ile usul ve esasları gözetecek.
TAPU KAYIT ÖRNEĞİ NOTERLERLE PAYLAŞILACAK Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü nce tapu kayıt örneği ve diğer belgeler, tapu bilişim sistemi vasıtasıyla noterlerle paylaşılacak.
Taşınmaza ilişkin kayıt ve belgelerin eksikliği halinde ilgili tapu müdürlüğünden eksik olan hususlar sistem üzerinden talep edilecek ve eksiklikler tapu müdürlüğünce giderilerek sisteme aktarılacak.
Noterlerce hak sahibi belirlendikten ve taşınmazın satışına engel hukuki bir durumun bulunmadığı tespit edildikten sonra taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi yapılacak.
Satış sözleşmesi taraflarca imzalandığı anda noter, tapu bilişim sisteminden yevmiye numarası alarak sözleşmeyi bu sisteme kaydedecek.
Sözleşmenin sisteme kaydından sonra tapu müdürlüğünce taşınmazın tapu sicil ine tescili sağlanacak. Satış sözleşmesi ile diğer belgeler, noter tarafından sisteme aktarılacak ve fiziki olarak arşivlenecek.
NOTER ÜCRETİ 500 LİRADAN AZ, 4 BİN LİRADAN FAZLA OLAMAYACAK Kanuna göre, noterler taşınmaz satış sözleşmesiyle ilgili işlemleri bizzat yapacak.
Tapu kayıt örneği ve diğer belgelerden hak sahibinin belirlenememesi veya satışa engel hukuki durumun varlığı halinde noterlerce satış işlemi gerçekleştirilmeyecek.
Noterler tarafından yapılacak taşınmaz satış sözleşmelerinde sadece tapu harcı alınacak, bu işlemler için ayrıca noter harcı istenmeyecek.
Taşınmaz satış sözleşmeleri damga vergisinden ve bu işlemlere ilişkin düzenlenen kağıtlar değerli kağıt bedellerinden istisna olacak. Bu kapsamda yapılan işlemler karşılığında noter ücreti dışında herhangi bir ücret alınmayacak. Noter ücreti taşınmazın değerine göre 500 liradan az, 4 bin liradan fazla olamayacak ve ücret tarifesinde gösterilecek. Bu miktarlar, her yıl bir önceki yıla ilişkin olarak Vergi Usul Kanunu hükümleri uyarınca tespit ve ilan edilen yeniden değerleme oranında takvim yılı başından geçerli olmak üzere artırılarak uygulanacak.
NOTERLERE HERHANGİ BİR PAY VEYA AİDAT ÖDENMEYECEK Taşınmaz satış işlemleri için Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü nün döner sermaye işletmesine gelir kaydedilmek üzere hizmet bedeli alınacak ve bu işlemler sebebiyle noterlere herhangi bir pay veya aidat ödenmeyecek.
Taşınmaz satış sözleşmesinin düzenlenmesinden dolayı oluşan zarardan noterler de sorumlu olacak. Bu zararın devlet tarafından ödenmesi halinde devlet, sözleşmeyi düzenleyen notere rücu edecek. Notere karşı açılacak davalar, tapu sicil inin bulunduğu yer mahkemesinde görülecek.
Bu düzenlemenin yürürlüğe girdiği tarih itibarıyla yapılmış olan atama ve nakil ilanları ile bunlara ilişkin iş ve işlemler hakkında uygulama devam edecek.
TAPU İŞLEMLERİ İLE İLGİLİ UZMANLARDAN DEĞERLENDİRME: TEST EDİLMESİ GEREK Düzenlemeyle ilgili konuşan Teknik Yapı ve İstanbul İnşaatçılar Derneği (İNDER) Başkanı Nazmi Durbakayım, "Halihazırda tapu dairelerinde personel ve verim yüzde 30 oranında. Dolayısıyla işlemler çok yavaş ilerliyor. Yazın gelişiyle tatile çıkanlarla birlikte bu verim daha da düşecek. Yeni uygulama güzel. Dünyada tüm tapu işlemleri noterler aracılığıyla yürütülüyor. Çalışma daha fazla hız getirecek. Ancak yeni uygulamalar devreye girdiğinde ise bir adaptasyon süreci oluyor. Bu yüzden kararın pratikteki uygulamalarını takip etmesi gerekir" diye konuştu.
"AYDINLATILMASI GEREKEN KONULAR VAR" Genele yayılacak şekilde, taşınmaz satışlarının noter sözleşmesiyle yapılmasının olumlu bir adım olarak değerlendiren Gayrimenkul Pazarlama ve Satış Profesyonelleri Derneği (GAPAS) Başkanı İsmail Özcan da, "Tapu dairelerinin yoğunluğunun / yükünün azaltılmasında, böyle bir yetkilendirme olumlu olur. Sektörümüz özellikle yeni konutların 'satış vaadi ile satış' sözleşmelerinin düzenlenmesinde noterlerle işbirliği içerisinde, yani sektörün belirli bir çalışma kültürü var. Ancak, bu defa bir vaat değil de doğrudan satış söz konusu olacağı için kanun maddesi taslağını görmeden ifade etmem gerekirse, en nihayetinde tescil kuruluşu yine ilgili Tapu Dairesi olacağından, noterden işlem yapıldığında mı, yoksa tapu gerekli kaydı kendi tarafında güncellediğinde mi tapu devir sürecinin kesinleşeceği, tapu harcı ödemesinin de benzer şekilde noterde işlem yapılınca mı, yoksa tapu kütük güncellemesi yapınca mı yapılacağı konularının aydınlatılmasında fayda var" diye konuştu. Tapu müessesesine hem tüzel hem de gerçek kişilerin çok itibar ettiği bir süreç olduğunu aktaran Özcan, bu nedenle getirilecek bu tür yeni esaslı değişikliklerin öncelikle belli bir yörede / şehirde pilot uygulamasının yapılması, ondan sonra yürürlüğe alınmasının uygun olacağını ifade etti.
"KİŞİSEL VERİLER VE DOLANDIRICILAR KONUSUNDA ÖNLEM ALINMALI" "Düzenlemede 'kişisel verilerin gizliliği' konusu çok önemli" diyen İsmail Özcan, "Noterlere tapu bilgilerine erişim yetkisi verilmesi, bu tür verilerin korunmasının nasıl sağlanacağı hususunu akla getiriyor; gerekli yazılımsal ve teknik kontrol ve süreçlerinin iyi bir şekilde kurgulanmasından sonra işlerliğin başlatılması çok yerinde olacaktır. Diğer yandan özellikle gayrimenkule dayalı suç çetelerinin, noterlerin deneyim eksikliğinde, bu kanalı kullanarak bir takım manüpilasyon ve suç oluşturacak girişimlerde bulunabilmesini önleyecek sair güvenlik ve kontrol mekanizmaları da kurgulanmalı" dedi.
NOTER VE TAPU DAİRESİ ARASINDAKİ FARK Yeni düzenlemeye göre, tapu devir işlemleri noterlerde gerçekleştirilebilecek. Avukat Oğuz Kara, planlanan değişikliğe ilişkin önemli bilgiler verdi.
Noter ile tapu daireleri arasında yasal olarak ne gibi farklar var? Avukat Oğuz Kara, "Noter ile tapu daireleri arsındaki farklara değinirken öncelikle noteri ve işlevlerini tanımlamakta fayda var. Noterler, anlaşmazlıkları önlemek amacıyla taraflar arasındaki işlemleri belgelendirir. Noterler, bir belgeyi düzenleyebilir ve bir belgedeki imzaları onaylayabilir. Her iki yol da belgeye resmi belge sıfatını kazandırır. Noterlerde düzenlenen belgelerdeki yazılar veya imzalar inkâr edildiğinde ve belgedeki yazı veya imzanın sahteliği mahkeme kararıyla sabit olmadıkça belge kullanılabilir" diye konuştu.
Tapu dairelerinin ise temel fonksiyonu tapu sicil lerini tutmak olduğunu söyleyen avukat Kara, "Tapu sicilleri gayrimenkuller üzerindeki hakların aleniyetini sağlamaktadır. Aleniyetten kastedilen ilgisini ispatlayan herkesin tapu sicilini görebilmesidir. Bu nedenle kimse tapu sicilindeki bir kaydı bilmediğini ileri süremeyecektir" dedi. Bununla birlikte tapu dairesinin de resmi olarak düzenleyebildiği bazı belgelerin mevcut olduğuna değinen Kara, noterlerin ve tapu dairelerinin görevleri, fonksiyonları bu yönleriyle farklılık gösterdiğini ancak görev alanlarının, hukuki işlemlere resmiyet kazandırabilme yetkisi bakımından benzediğinin altını çizdi.