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basvuru.turkiye.gov.tr: Ücretsiz maske başvuru ekranı vatandaşlar tarafından en fazla sorgulananlar arasına girdi. Milyonlarca maske siparişi e-devlet üzerinden alındı. Daha önce başvurular PTT üzerinden yapılıyordu. Ücretsiz maske başvurusu https://basvuru.turkiye.gov.tr/ adresinden yapılabiliyor. T.C kimlik numarası ve isim soy isim bilgisi ile sipariş verilebiliyor. Bu hizmeti kullanarak kendiniz ve aynı hanede bulunan aile bireyleriniz için 20 yaş üstü ve 65 yaş altı olmak koşuluyla ücretsiz maske talebinde bulunabilirsiniz. Ayrıca vatandaşlar ücretsiz maskelerini T.C. kimlik numaraları ve telefon numaralarını eczacıya vererek, telefonlarına gelen kod ile maskelerini alabilecekler.
E- DEVLET'TEN MASKE BAŞVURUSU NASIL YAPILIR?
Ücretsiz maske başvurusu https://basvuru.turkiye.gov.tr/ adresinden yapılabiliyor. T.C kimlik numarası ve isim soy isim bilgisi ile sipariş verilebiliyor.
ECZANELERDEN MASKE NASIL ALINIR?
İstanbul'da eczanelerde ücretsiz maske dağıtımı başladı. Vatandaşlar ücretsiz maskelerini T.C. kimlik numaraları ve telefon numaralarını eczacıya vererek, telefonlarına gelen kod ile maskelerini alabilecekler.
E-DEVLET MASKE BAŞVURU EKRANI İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ
Maske dağıtımına ilişkin sorular ve yanıtlar özetle şöyle:
195 MİLYON DAĞITILDI
- Şimdiye kadar kaç kişiye ne kadar maske ulaştı?
Dün itibarıyla 39 milyon kişiye kod gitti ve 195 milyon maske dağıtımı yapıldı.
HER HAFTA 5'ER ADET
- Maske dağıtımı devam edecek mi?
Evet her hafta 5 tane olmak üzere peyderpey maske dağıtımı devam edecek.
PARAYLA SATIŞI YASAK
- Temin edemeyenler için maskenin para ile satışı mümkün mü?
Hayır değil, maskeler ücretsiz olarak vatandaşa ulaştırılmaya çalışılacak. Eczacıların 'Maske bulamayanlara belli ücret karşılığı satış yapalım' talepleri bulunuyor, ancak bu talep henüz karşılık görmedi.
E-DEVLET, PTT VE ECZANELER
- Maskeler kod dışında herhangi bir yere başvurarak da elde edilebiliyor mu?
Evet e-Devlet üzerinden başvuru yaparak PTT aracılığı ile de maskelere ulaşılabiliyor. Ayrıca telefonlara gelen kod dışında akıllı uygulamalar üzerinden karekod oluşturup maske almak mümkün. Karekoda da onay gerekiyor. Eczacı 'Reçetem Bilgi Sistemi'nde maske butonunda onay görürse kişiye maskesini veriyor.
İLK ŞİFRELER 50-65 YAŞA - İlk olarak maskeler hangi yaş grubuna dağıtıldı?
20-65 yaş arası tanımlandı; ancak dağıtımda 50-65 yaşa öncelik tanındı, şifreler bu yaş grubuna öncelikli olarak dağıtılıyor.
ENGELLİLERE ÖNCELİK
- Kronik hastalığı olanlara öncelik verildi mi?
Öncelik engelli vatandaşlara tanındı. Daha sonra da başta KOAH olmak üzere diyabet, tansiyon hastalığı gibi kronik rahatsızlığı olanlara öncelik tanındı.
TELEFONU OLMAYANA DA
- Cep telefonu olmayanlar ya da üzerine kayıtlı olmadan kurumsal hat kullananlar ne yapacaklar?
Bu kişiler, herhangi bir eczaneye giderek TC kimlik numaralarını ve kodun kendilerine ulaşmasını sağlayacak bir cep telefonu numarasını vererek sisteme kayıtlarını yaptırabilirler.
BELEDİYELER DE DAĞITIYOR
PTT Kargo ve eczanelerin yanı sıra ülke genelindeki belediyeler de vatandaşa ücretsiz maske ulaştırıyor. Pazar girişleri, toplu taşıma durakları ve meydanlarda kurulan stantlardan maskeler dağıtılıyor. Bazı belediyeler de kapıya kadar gelerek maskeleri adrese teslim ediyor.
SİYAH MASKE KORUYOR MU?
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı Öğretim Görevlisi Prof. Dr. Hüsnü Pullukçu da salgına karşı yoğun olarak kullanılan ve 'yıkanabilir' denilerek satışa sunulan bu maskelerin kullanmanın koruyucu olmadığını vurguladı.
Genellikle internetten satılan, yıkanabilir olduğu ve nano teknolojiyle üretildiği belirtilerek satılan siyah maskelerin kullanım açısından hiçbir yararı olmadığını vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Hüsnü Pullukçu, "Yıkanabilir, nano maske olarak satılan siyah maskeleri taktığınızda burnunuzun üzerine oturmayacaktır. Taktığınızda burnunuzun yer aldığı üst kısımlar tamamen boş kalıyor. Ayrıca hızlıca nefes aldığınızda ağzınıza ve burnunuza bu kumaşın yapıştığını göreceksiniz. Ayrıca elinizle maske varken nefesinizi kontrol ettiğinizde net sıcak havanın gelmemesi gerekiyor, ama bu maskede sıcak havayı net bir şekilde elinizle hissedebilirsiniz. Bir deneme yapacak olursak da damlacıkların rahatlıkla bu maskeden geçtiğini görürsünüz. Bu aynı şekilde damlacıkların da içeri girdiği demektir. Bu maske cerrahi maskenin üzerine süs olarak takılabilir. Korunmak için bu maske uygun değil" dedi.
N95 VE FFP2 TAKANLARA UYARI
Filtreli olan N95 ve FFP2 maske takanları da uyaran Prof. Dr. Hüsnü Pullukçu, bu maskelerde karbondioksit biriktiğini belirtip, baş dönmesi ve bayılma gibi sonuçları olabileceğini söyledi. Bu tür maskeleri günlük hayatta takmanın doğru olmadığını ifade eden Prof. Dr. Hüsnü Pullukçu şunları söyledi:
"Bu maskeler son derece sıkıntılı, çünkü içinde nefes almak çok zor. Karbondioksiti biriktiriyor ve kullanan kişi buna bağlı olarak baş dönmesi yaşayabilir, tansiyonu düşebilir hatta bayılabilir. N95 maskeden nefes almak çok zor. Bu maskenin koruyuculuğuna gerek yok. FFP2 maske de N95'e göre hafif gibi görünse de değil. Karbondioksit birikiyor ve sürekli kullanmak mümkün değil. Biz bu maskeleri hastalardan örnek alırken kullanıyoruz. Örnek alırken öksürebilir ya da hapşırabilir bu sırada çok damlacık çıkar o damlacıklardan korunmak için kullanıyoruz. Bunun dışında kullanılmasını önermiyoruz. N95 maske dışardan gelen partikülleri geçirmiyor ancak sizin nefesinizi dışarı veriyor. Eğer hastaysanız diğer insanları da risk altına atmış olursunuz. O nedenle bunları günlük hayatımızda kullanmayalım."
Evde yapılan bez maskelerin çoğunda ise kumaşı sık olmadığından aralıklarından damlacıkların geçebileceğine dikkat çeken Prof. Dr. Pullukçu, "Fikir olarak güzel olabilir ancak koruyuculuğu olmaz. Aynı kumaş maskeden üst üste birkaç tane taktığınızda bir işlevi olabilir. Aynı zamanda evde yapılan bu tür maskelerin bol yapıldığını söyleyebilirim. Bu maskeleri taktığınızda hem altından hem de üstünden hava girişi söz konusu" dedi.
EN GÜVENİLİR CERRAHİ MASKELER
En güvenilir maskenin cerrahi maskeler olduğunu dile getiren Prof. Dr. Pullukçu, maskelerin nasıl kullanılması gerektiğini anlattı. Maskelerde burun kısmında tel bulunmasının önemli olduğunu ifade eden Prof. Dr. Pullukçu, maske kullanım sürelerini hakkında da bilgi verdi. Prof. Dr. Pullukçu, konuşmasını şöyle sürdürdü:
"Maskelerle ile ilgili çok büyük polemikler var. Herkes farklı tip maske kullanıyor. Cerrahi maskelerin önünde bir tel var. Bu teli burnunuzdan içeri hava girmemesi için burnunuzun üstüne oturtmanız gerekiyor. Aynı şekilde çene kısmında kalan tarafta da açıklık kalmamalı. Cerrahi maskelere benzeyen ve lastikli olan maskelerin de üst tarafında tel bulunuyor. Lastikli maskelerin alt kısmı da çenemize oturuyorsa koruyucu olur. Ancak üzerinde tel bulunmayan maskeler hava aldığı için bir koruyuculuğu kalmıyor. Cerrahi maskeleri en fazla 4 saat kullanabiliriz. Eğer maske ıslanırsa o zaman hijyen özelliğini kaybediyor. Bu maskeyi kullandık ve üzerine damlacıklar yapıştı. Maskeyi ön tarafından tutup çıkarıyorsanız, elinizi kirlettiniz demektir. Yapılan en büyük yanlışlardan biri budur. Elinizi yıkamadıysanız maskeyi boşuna taktınız ve kendinizi enfekte ettiniz demektir. Maskeyi çıkarırken bağladığınız iplerden tutup iç tarafına doğru katlayarak çöpe atabilirsiniz. Hastane çalışanları de bu maskeleri kesinlikle dışarı çıkarmadan kırmızı atık kutusuna atmalı."
CERRAHİ MASKE NEDİR?
Cerrahi maske, eczaneden satın alınabilen ve "damlacık" yolu ile bulaşan enfeksiyöz ajanlara karşı koruma sağlayan tek kullanımlık bir tıbbi malzemedir. Bahsi geçen bu damlacıklar, kullan kişi nefes verdiğinde tükürük damlacıkları veya üst solunum yolundan gelen salgılar olabilir. Yani cerrahi maske cerrahlar için tasarlanmıştır, çünkü bu ürünler doktorun burnundan ve ağzından patojenlerin cerrahi alana girmesini önlemek için iyi bir iş çıkarırlar.
Bakım veren kişi tarafından giyilirse, cerrahi maske hastayı ve çevresini (hava, yüzeyler, ekipman, cerrahi bölge) korur. Bulaşıcı bir hasta tarafından giyilirse, hastanın çevresini ve çevresini kirletmesini önler. Bu maskeler 3 ila 8 saatten fazla giyilmemelidir. Cerrahi maske ayrıca kullanıcıyı biyolojik sıvıların sıçraması riskinden koruyabilir. Bu durumda, cerrahi maske su geçirmez bir tabakaya sahip olmalıdır.
SOLUNUM MASKELERİ
Bir solunum maskesi, kullanıcının sağlık açısından tehlikeli olan aerosolleri (toz, duman, buğu), buharları veya gazları (dezenfektanlar, anestezik gazlar) solumasını önleyen kişisel koruyucu ekipmanlardır. Genellikle eczanelerde mevcut değildir, kullanıcıyı havadaki bulaşıcı ajanlardan, yani koronavirüs, SARS, H1N1, vb. gibi bir virüsün kontaminasyonuna karşı korur. Solunum maskeleri, izolasyon ve filtreleme olmak üzere iki kategoriye ayrılır.
Filtreleme maskeleri bir yüz parçası ve bir filtreleme cihazından oluşur. Bazen filtre elemanı yüz parçasına entegre edilir. Filtre tipine bağlı olarak, maske ya sadece parçacıklara karşı, sadece belirli gazlara ve buharlara karşı ya da parçacıklara gazlara ve buharlara karşı etkili olacaktır.
Filtreleme maskeleri bazen kullanıcı konforunu artırmak için bir ekshalasyon valfi (gaz çıkış aparatı) ile donatılabilir. Valf, maskenin içinde buğulanmayı önler ve kullanıcının kolayca nefes alıp vermesine yardımcı olur. Solunum maskelerinin, onları giyenleri de bulaşıcı ajanların "damlacıklarından" solumasına karşı koruduğuna dikkat edilmelidir. Solunum maskeleri tek kullanımlık veya tekrar kullanılabilir olabilir.