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Oruç niyetsiz tutulur mu? İslam alemi bir zaman Ramazan ayına daha erişmenin mutluluğunu yaşıyor. 24 Nisan Cuma günü başlayan Ramazan orucu 30 gün boyunca devam edecek. Ramazan ayının en önemli ibadeti olan oruç tutmak bazı gereklilikleri de beraberinde getirir. Müslüman vatandaşlar niyet etmeden oruç tutunca kabul olup olmadığını gündemde sıklıkla sorgulamaya başladı. Niyet etmek orucun şartlarındandır. Niyetsiz oruç sahih değildir. Kalben niyet etmek yeterli ise de niyeti dil ile ifade etmek menduptur. Oruç için sahura kalkılması da niyet sayılır. Ramazan orucu, belli günlerde tutulmak üzere adanan oruçlar ile nafile oruçlar için niyet etme vakti, güneşin batması ile ertesi gün tepe noktasına gelmesi öncesine kadarki süredir
ORUCA NE ZAMAN NİYET EDİLİR? Diyanet'in açıklamasına göre; Oruç için niyetin vakti, akşam namazı vaktinin girmesiyle birlikte başlar. Oruç için sahura kalkması fiili bir niyettir. Kimi sahura kalkmamış olsa bile sabah bu bilinç içinde ise niyetli sayılır. Ramazan orucu ile günü belirlenmiş adak orucu ve nafile oruçlarda niyet etme zamanı, öğle namazına yaklaşık bir saat kalana kadar devam eder. Bunların dışındaki, kefaret, kaza , günü belirlenmemiş adak oruçlarında ise "imsak"tan önce niyet edilmesi gerekir.
ORUÇ NİYETSİZ TUTULUR MU?
Niyet etmek orucun şartlarındandır. Niyetsiz oruç sahih değildir. Kalben niyet etmek yeterli ise de niyeti dil ile ifade etmek menduptur. Oruç için sahura kalkılması da niyet sayılır.
Ramazan orucu, belli günlerde tutulmak üzere adanan oruçlar ile nafile oruçlar için niyet etme vakti, güneşin batması ile ertesi gün tepe noktasına gelmesi öncesine kadarki süredir Ancak imsaktan sonra yapılacak niyetin geçerli olması için bu vakitten itibaren bir şey yenilip içilmemiş, oruca aykırı bir iş yapılmamış olması gerekir. Aksi takdirde gündüz niyet caiz olmaz. Bu oruçlar için, "yarınki orucu tutmaya" şeklinde mutlak niyet yeterlidir. Bununla birlikte geceden niyet edilmesi ve "yarınki Ramazan orucuna" şeklinde orucun belirlenmesi daha faziletlidir. Ramazanın her günü için ayrı niyet edilmesi gerekir.
Kaza , keffaret ve bir zamana bağlı olmaksızın adanan oruçlar için gün batımından itibaren en geç imsak vaktine kadar niyet edilmiş olmalıdır. Bu tür oruçlara niyet edilirken, "falanca kaza, keffaret veya adak orucuna" şeklinde belirtilmesi gerekir.
Şafiî mezhebine göre ise nafile dışındaki tüm oruçlara geceden niyet edilmelidir. İmsak vaktine kadar niyet edilmemişse o günün orucu geçerli olmaz. Nafile oruçlara ise güneş tepe noktasına gelmeden öncesine kadar niyet edilebilir.
ORUCA NE ZAMAN VE NASIL NİYET EDİLİR?
Niyet etmek orucun şartlarındandır. Niyetsiz oruç sahih değildir. Kalben niyet etmek yeterli ise de niyeti dil ile ifade etmek menduptur. Oruç için sahura kalkılması da niyet sayılır.
Ramazan orucu, belli günlerde tutulmak üzere adanan oruçlar ile nafile oruçlar için niyet etme vakti, güneşin batması ile ertesi gün tepe noktasına gelmesi öncesine kadarki süredir Ancak imsaktan sonra yapılacak niyetin geçerli olması için bu vakitten itibaren bir şey yenilip içilmemiş, oruca aykırı bir iş yapılmamış olması gerekir. Aksi takdirde gündüz niyet caiz olmaz (Kâsânî, Bedâî', II, 85). Bu oruçlar için, "yarınki orucu tutmaya" şeklinde mutlak niyet yeterlidir. Bununla birlikte geceden niyet edilmesi ve "yarınki Ramazan orucuna" şeklinde orucun belirlenmesi daha faziletlidir. Ramazanın her günü için ayrı niyet edilmesi gerekir (Mevsılî, el-İhtiyâr, I, 397, 400).
ORUÇ NİYETSİZ TUTULUR MU?
Kaza , keffaret ve bir zamana bağlı olmaksızın adanan oruçlar için gün batımından itibaren en geç imsak vaktine kadar niyet edilmiş olmalıdır. Bu tür oruçlara niyet edilirken, "falanca kaza, keffaret veya adak orucuna" şeklinde belirtilmesi gerekir.
Şafiî mezhebine göre ise nafile dışındaki tüm oruçlara geceden niyet edilmelidir. İmsak vaktine kadar niyet edilmemişse o günün orucu geçerli olmaz. Nafile oruçlara ise güneş tepe noktasına gelmeden öncesine kadar niyet edilebilir (Şirâzî, el-Mühezzeb, I, 331-332).
ORUÇ TUTMAKLA YÜKÜMLÜ OLMANIN ŞARTLARI NEDİR?
İslam'a göre, bireyin sorumlu olmasının temel şartları müslüman, akıllı ve ergenlik çağına ulaşmış olmaktır. Dolayısıyla bu şartlar, oruç ibadeti ile sorumlu olmanın da şartlarıdır. Buna göre, bir kimsenin Ramazan ayında oruç tutmasının farz olması için öncelikle müslüman ve âkil-bâliğ olması gerekir. İbadetlerle yükümlü olma şartlarını taşıdığı hâlde bazı özel durumlardaki kimselere oruç tutmama ruhsatı verilmiştir. İbadetlerle yükümlü olmamakla birlikte ergenlik yaşına gelmeyen çocukların alıştırılmak ve ısındırılmak maksadıyla namaz kılmaları ve oruç tutmaları teşvik edilir. Nitekim Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.), yedi yaşından on yaşına kadarki sürede çocuğun namaza alıştırılmasını önermiştir.
ORUCU BOZAN ŞEYLER NELERDİR?
Orucun temel unsuru, yeme, içme ve cinsel ilişkiden uzak durmak, nefsi bunlardan mahrum bırakmak olduğu için, oruçlu iken bunlar ve bu anlama gelecek davranışlar orucu bozar. Yemek ve içmek, yenilip içilmesi mûtat olan her şeyi kapsamı içine alır. Sigara, nargile gibi keyif veren tütün kökenli dumanlı maddeler ile uyuşturucular ve tiryakilik gereği alınan tüm maddeler oruç yasakları kapsamına girer (İbn Âbidîn, Reddü'l-muhtâr, III, 386-387). Her ne sebeple olursa olsun, ağızdan alınan ilaçlar da aynı hükme tabidir.
KİMLER ORUÇ TUTMAMALI:
Sürekli ilaç kullanması gereken hastalara oruç tutmaları önerilmez muhakkak doktorlarına danışmaları gerekir.
İnsülin kullanan şeker hastaları
Hipoglisemi atağı geçiren hastalar
Kalp hastaları
Yüksek tansiyon hastaları
Kalp ritmi bozukluğu sorunu olan hastalar
Mide ülseri olan hastalar
Böbrek yetersizliği olan hastalar
Çok yaşlı ve çocuklar
Dikkat gerektiren işte çalışanlar (cerrahlar, finans, açık havada güneş altında ağır işlerde çalışanlar, hamileler)
ORUÇ TUTMANIN FAYDALARI NELERDİR? -Oruç tutmak hem ruhsal hem de bedensel sağlık için faydalıdır. -Ruhsal olumsuzlukları giderir, erken yaşlanmayı geciktirir. -Sabrı ve şükretmeyi öğretir. -Şevkat ve merhamet aşılar. -Hafızayı kuvvetlendirirken kanseri önler. -Sindirim organlarının dinlenmesini sağlar.