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1998 yılından bu yana çalışmalarını sürdüren Google 'ın en bilindik çalışmalarından biri olan Doodle ziyaretçileri sürprizleriyle şaşırtıyor. Bu anlamda Dilhan Eryurt Doodle ekranına kapak oldu. Bilim insanı, yüksek matematik ve astronomi bilgini. 29 Kasım 1926 tarihinde İzmir 'de doğdu. Küçük yaşlardan itibaren matematiğe ilgi duyan Eryurt, Ankara Kız Lisesi 'ni bitirince, üniversite eğitimi için İstanbul Üniversitesi Yüksek Matematik ve Astronomi Bölümü'nü seçti. Eryurt'un astronomi merakı üniversite öğrenimi yıllarında ortaya çıktı. Peki Dilhan Eryurt kimdir? Dilhan Eryurt NASA 'da neler yaptı? İşte hayatı ve çalışmaları...
DİLHAN ERYURT KİMDİR?
Bilim insanı, yüksek matematik ve astronomi bilgini. 29 Kasım 1926 tarihinde İzmir 'de doğdu. Küçük yaşlardan itibaren matematiğe ilgi duyan Eryurt, Ankara Kız Lisesi 'ni bitirince, üniversite eğitimi için İstanbul Üniversitesi Yüksek Matematik ve Astronomi Bölümü'nü seçti. Eryurt'un astronomi merakı üniversite öğrenimi yıllarında ortaya çıktı. Üniversiteyi bitirince, yeni keşfettiği astronominin hevesiyle, Ankara Üniversitesi 'nde bir astronomi bölümü açmakla görevli olan Prof. Dr. Tevfik Okyar Kabakçıoğlu 'nun yanında asistan oldu. Ancak kadro olmaması nedeniyle, işini iki yıl hiçbir ücret almadan sürdürdü. Yine AÜ'sinde, Astrofizik Doktorası (1953) yaptı. Araştırma alanları; astrofizik, yıldızların yapı ve gelişimleri, güneş modelleri, neutrino problemdir.
Dilhan Eryurt , yıllar sonra ABD'ye gittiğinde National Academy of Sciences bursunu alarak NASA 'nın New York'taki Goddard Uzay Araştırma Enstitüsü'nde çalışmaya başladı. Doçentliğini AÜ Astrofizik Anabilim Dalı 'nda Prof. Dr. A. E. Kreirken'in danışmanlığında tamamlar ve 1959 yılında Uluslararası Atom Enerji Ajansı tarafından verilen bir bursla iki yıllığına Kanada'ya gitti, gerçek astrofizikle orada karşılaştı. Prof. Dr. Cameron ona çalışması için üç konu teklif etti ve o hidrojen yıldızlarını seçti. Ardından da, önce hidrojenden oluşan bir gazın opozitesini hesaplamak gerektiğini, bunun için de yapması istenen bilgisayar programını yapmayı başardı. Daha sonra basıldığını söylediği bu çalışmayla burada ilk öğrendiği şey de "fitting" yöntemi olmuş… Eryurt, Kanada'daki çalışmalarının ardından, ABD'den aldığı bir bursla Indiana Üniversitesi'nde araştırmacı olarak çalışmaya başladı. Indiana'da yıldız modelleri yapmakla tanınan Prof. Dr. M. Wrubel ile çalıştı.
Prof. Eryurt, daha önce de belirttiği üzere, Indiana'dan sonra NASA 'ya geçti. Oraya daha önce gelmiş olan Dr. Cameron ile birlikte çalışarak, küçük kütleli yıldızlardan büyük kütleli yıldızlara kadar hepsinin oluşumunda geçirdiği tüm evrimleri incelediler: Uzaydaki dev bir toz ve gaz bulutunun, yıldız olabilmesi için içindeki nükleer sıcaklığın çok yükselmesi gerekir ki, nükleer enerji oluşabilsin. Bu sıcaklığı elde etmesi için, yıldızın ilk devreleri olan çökme dönemleriyle yavaş yavaş merkezdeki sıcaklığın yükselmesi sağlanmış oluyor. Bunun için yıldızın kütlesinin, belirli bir kütle boyutuna erişmiş olması da gerekiyor ki, gerekli sıcaklığı verebilsin. Eğer yıldız kütlesi çökmesiyle bu sıcaklığı oluşturamıyorsa, nükleer reaksiyon başlayamaz. Burada Eryurt'un özellikle ilgilendiği sorun, 'küçük kütlelerin limiti ya da küçük yıldızlarda kütle limiti nedir?' oldu ve bu problem üzerinde çalıştı. Eryurt'un bu konudaki ilk çalışması sadece hidrojen gazından oluşmuş yıldızlardı.
Bu bilginin yıldız evrimindeki anlamını Dilhan Eryurt , yıldız olması için gerekli koşullar olarak belirtmektedir. "Fitting" yöntemiyle çalışırlarken Prof. Eryurt, programa devamlı yeni seçenekler katarak ilerledi. Böylece fitting yöntemini geliştirdi ve sonuçta yeni bir program ortaya çıkardı. Bu, o dönemin en kusursuz programıydı, ama sonra öğrencileri, örneğin içine dönmeyi de katarak giderek bu programı geliştirdiler.
Prof. Eryurt, Prof. Cameron ile birlikte güneşin evrimi üzerine de araştırmalar yaptı. O günlerde geçerli olan güneş evrimi modeli artık giderek eleştirildiğinden, son kuramları ele alan yeni bir modelin oluşturulması gerekiyordu. Yeni modelle sıcaklık, yoğunluk, ışınım ve güneş ile gezegenler arasındaki etkileşimin incelenmesi de koşuldu. Eski teoriyle, güneşin ilk oluşumunda daha soğuk olduğu ve yavaş yavaş bugünkü durumuna ulaştığı kabul ediliyordu. Güneşin oluşumundan dört milyar yıl sonraki bir zaman aralığında daha sönük bir yıldız olduğu ve yavaş yavaş parladığı, böylece bugünkü parlaklığını bulduğu sanılıyordu.
Eryurt'un bu konudaki çalışmasının en önemli tarafı, güneşin ilk oluşumunda şimdikinden çok daha parlak olduğu ve yavaş yavaş sıcaklığının düştüğü ve sonra günümüzdeki duruma geldiğinin anlaşılmasıdır. Bu mekanizmanın özel içeriğini de kısaca açıklamak gerekirse; güneşin önce parlak sonra azalan durumu, içindeki hidrojenin yanmasıyla ilgilidir. Hidrojen reaksiyonları başladıktan sonra yüzey sıcaklığı yavaş yavaş artıyor. Bilindiği gibi güneş, günümüz itibarıyla sahip olduğu hidrojenin yarısını yakmış ve bugünkü yapısına ulaşmış durumdadır. Bu da diğer bir anlatımla ilk dönemine göre azalma demek, yani güneşin tükenişine 4.5 milyar yıl daha var. Halen geçerliliğini koruyan bu yeni model büyük ölçüde Dilhan Eryurt 'un buluşudur. Böylece Prof. Eryurt güneşin oluşumuna ilişkin bilgilere önemli bir katkı yapmış oldu. Bu çalışmanın önemi ise; dünya, güneşin en parlak döneminde oluşmuşsa, bu gezegeni meydana getiren maddelerin on binlerce yıl ve binlerce derece sıcaklıkta kalmasıyla, dünyanın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine de doğrudan önemli bir etki yapmasıydı. Doğal olarak aynı yöndeki bir etki, uydumuz ay için de geçerliydi. 1960'lı yıllarda yapılması tasarlanan Apollo Ay Yolculuğu Projesi nedeniyle, bu yüksek sıcaklık etkisi, ay yolculuğuna çıkacak astronotların karşılaşacakları ortam nedeniyle önemliydi. Eryurt, NASA enstitünde yıldızların oluşumu ve güneşin evrimi üzerine yaptığı çalışmaların yanında "nötrinolar" konusuyla da ilgilenmiş.
Dr. Dilhan Eryurt tam anlamıyla "mucize" bir kadın. Çünkü 50 yıl öncesi bir yana, şimdi bile her türden "evrim" sözcüğü insanların tüylerini diken diken edebiliyor. Bunu, onu anlatan dergilerin yazılarında bile izlemek olası... Eryurt yaptığı işi "yıldızların evrimi" olarak nitelerken, gazeteci-yazarlar sürekli biçimde "yıldızların tarihi" sözcüğünü kullanıyorlar. Eryurt, ABD'de kaldığı sürece çeşitli defalar Türkiye 'ye geldi.. Amacı, bilgi ve deneyimlerini Türkiye'ye de aktarmak, öğrenciler yetiştirmekti. Ama bu işin yıldızların evriminden daha güç olduğunu öğrenmişti. Önce 1968'de Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü 'nde bir yıl boyunca misafir profesör olarak çalıştı. Derslerinin dışında bilimsel toplantılar da düzenliyordu. I. Ulusal Astronomi toplantısını düzenlediğinde toplantıya ancak 25 kişi katılmıştı. Daha önce Türkiye'de bir astronomi derneği vardı, ama o dernek bilimsel toplantılar yapmak yerine, geziler falan düzenliyordu. Oysa ABD'deki derneklerde hep bilimsel toplantıların yapıldığına tanık olmuştu. Orada yaptığı toplantılarda hep kendi bilimsel çalışmalarını anlatı ve çok büyük ilgi çekti. Türkiye'de ise, toplantılar bir yana, astrofizik dersi vermek bile kolay değildi, çünkü ders dinleyecek kimseler yoktu...
Prof. Dr. Dilhan Eryurt 1973 yılında kadrolu olarak ODTÜ Fizik Bölümü'ne döndü ve burada Astrofizik Anabilim Dalı 'nı kurdu. 1988 yılında, önce ODTÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü Başkanı olarak görev aldı, ardından da Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dekanlığını beş yıl yaptıktan sonra, 1993 yılında emekliye ayrıldı… Prof. Dr. Dilhan Eryurt, 1969 yılında NASA tarafından verilen Apollo Başarı Ödülü'nü aldı. Daha sonra dünya çevresinde belli bir yörüngeye yerleştirilen ve içinde ilk insansız uzay araçlarının geliştirilmesinden sorumlu kurumlarda da görev yaptı. Bir diğer başarı ödülünü de, 1977 yılında TÜBİTAK "Bilim Hizmet ve Teşvik Ödülü" olarak aldı…
GOOGLE DOODLE NEDİR?
Gündeme göre değişiklik gösteren ve ziyaretçiler tarafından büyük ilgi gören bu hizmetin detaylarını sizler için araştırdık. İnternet ortamında dünyanın en çok ziyaret edilen sayfası sizin de bildiğiniz üzere tartışmasız Google ana sayfasıdır. Google , internet araması, çevrimiçi bilgi dağıtımı, reklam teknolojileri ve arama motorları için yatırımlar yapan çok uluslu Amerikan anonim şirketidir.
1998 yılından bu yana çalışmalarını sürdüren Google'ın en bilindik çalışmalarından biri olan Doodle ziyaretçileri sürprizleriyle şaşırtıyor. Günün anlam ve önemini belirtmek için Dilhan Eryurt kelimesinde olduğu gibi sürekli değişen sözcüklerle kullanıcı karşısına çıkan Doodle ziyaretçilerine bu alanda çok faydalı bir hizmet sunmuş oluyor. Yoğun iş temposundan gündeme dair gelişmelerden uzak kalan internet kullanıcıları Dilhan Eryurt gibi popüler kelimelerinden Doodle sayesinde haberdar olup, önemli ve özel günlerden de geri kalmamış oluyor.