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Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Emmanuel Macron 28 Ağustos günü Paris yakınlarındaki Villeneuve kasabasında düzenlediği basın toplantısında, ülkesinin Doğu Akdeniz politikasıyla ilgili olarak "söylemleriyle eylemlerinin tutarlı olması gerektiğini" söyledi ve şöyle devam etti: "Türklerin ancak bundan anladığını ve buna saygı gösterdiğini söyleyebilirim. Eylemlerle desteklenmeyen sözler söylerseniz (…) Fransa'nın bu yaz yaptığı önemliydi: Bu bir kırmızı çizgi politikasıydı. Bunu Suriye'de de yaptım".
Kuşku yok ki bu açıklama Fransa'nın Suriye'de terör örgütü PYD/YPG'ye verdiği destek nedeniyle bir süredir dikkat çektiğimiz Türk-Fransız ilişkilerinde yaşanan kırılmanın itirafıydı. Ancak bu kırılma Macron'la başlamış değil. Hatırlanacağı gibi, PYD/YPG'yi baştan beri "Suriyeli Kürtler" olarak niteleyen Fransa'nın eski Cumhurbaşkanı François Hollande, Afrin operasyonu üzerine "Türkiye ne biçim NATO müttefiki 'bizim öz müttefiklerimizi' (nos propres alliés) vuruyor" diye ortalığı ayağa kaldırmıştı. İşte Macron da atıf yaptığımız konuşmasında bu politikasıyla övündü.
"Kırmızı çizgi" politikasının ölçülü olduğunu savunan Macron, Fransa'nın Yunanistan , Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi (GKRY) ve İtalya ile Doğu Akdeniz'deki tatbikatına katılımı konusunda "Ölçülüydü. Oraya armada yollamadık" diye konuştu. Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerini Yunanistan ve GKRY ile dayanışmaya çağıran ve AB'nin Türkiye 'ye yaptırım uygulamasını savunan Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı'na göre, Ankara ile ilişkilerdeki kırılmanın nedeni "Türkiye'nin son yıllardaki stratejisinin bir NATO müttefikine yakışmaması" . Bu sözünü de şöyle açıyor: "İki AB üyesinin münhasır ekonomik bölgelerine (MEB) ve egemenliklerine saldırırsanız, provokasyon yapıyorsunuz demektir".
ULUSLARARASI DENİZ HUKUKUNA KEYFİ YORUM Macron bu sözleriyle, Yunanistan 'ın Meis (Kostellorizo) adasına karasuları ötesinde MEB tanımasının 1982 tarihli Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi'ne (BMDHS) uygun olduğunu savunurken, Oruç Reis'in sondaj yaptığı bölgenin Türkiye 'nin BM'ye yıllar önce bildirmiş olduğu kıta sahanlığının içinde yer aldığını ise yok sayıyor. Ama buna karşılık, Yunanistan ve GKRY gibi ayrıntılara girmeden, uluslararası hukuka uymayan tarafın Türkiye olduğunda ısrar ediyor. Bu yaklaşımı benimseyen Fransız medyası da Türkiye'nin BMDHS'ye taraf olmamasını gerekçe olarak kullanıyor.
Oysa iki taraf arasında bu konularda sorun çıktığında, BMDHS'nin gerek MEB ile ilgili 74. gerek kıta sahanlığıyla ilgili 83. maddelerinde "sahilleri bitişik veya karşı karşıya bulunan devletler arasındaki sınırlandırılma, hakkaniyete uygun bir çözüme ulaşmak amacıyla, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Statüsü'nün 38. maddesinde belirtildiği şekilde, uluslararası hukuka uygun olarak anlaşma ile yapılacaktır" deniliyor. Sözleşmedeki kilit kavramlar "hakkaniyete uygunluk" ve "anlaşma yapmak" . Fransa uyuşmazlıkta üçüncü taraf olarak en azından bu çözümü önereceğine, Yunanistan ve GKRY'nin arkasında ama daha da önemlisi Türkiye'nin karşısında duruyor.
LİBYA VE SURİYE'DE KARŞIT CEPHELERDE YER ALMA Macron'un Türkiye husumeti sadece Doğu Akdeniz 'deki kıta sahanlığı/MEB sorunuyla sınırlı değil. Libya'da darbeci General Halife Hafter'e, Suriye'de de PYD/YPG'ye verdiği destekle karşımızda yer alıyor. Hatırlanacağı gibi, Ankara'nın Libya'da meşru Ulusal Mutabakat Hükümeti'ne (UMH) verdiği destekten rahatsız olan Macron, silah ambargosunu kontrol eden bir Fransız savaş gemisine müdahalesi nedeniyle Türkiye'yi NATO'ya şikâyet etmiş, bu bağlamda kendileri için "kabul edilemez" olduğunu belirttiği Türkiye'nin Libya politikasının açıklığa kavuşması gerektiğini söylemişti.
Aslında açıklığa kavuşturulması gereken Fransa'nın Hafter destekli Libya politikasıdır. Fransa'nın amacı, bu ülkede (Muammer Kaddafi tarafından seçim kampanyası finanse edilen Sarkozy'nin cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde imzalanan) "nükleer işbirliği" anlaşmasıyla zirveye ulaşan çıkarlarını korumaya devam etmek mi? Eğer öyleyse, bu çıkarlar Türk-Fransız ilişkilerini çöpe atacak kadar önem mi taşıyor?
Bu soruların yanıtları yok; ama Macron'un geçen yıl The Economist'e verdiği mülakatta Washington'ın eşgüdüm eksikliğinin yanı sıra, Ankara'nın Suriye'de kendisinin tasvip etmediği politikaları nedeniyle "NATO'nun beyin ölümünün gerçekleştiğini" öne sürdüğü anımsanacak olursa, Türkiye husumetinin getirisinin Fransa'nın Libya'daki çıkarlarının ötesinde olduğunu hayal ettiği anlaşılıyor. Bu açıklamasında Macron Türkiye'yi, Suriye'de terör örgütü DEAŞ'la mücadele konusunda anlaşmış NATO üyelerinin çıkarlarının söz konusu olduğu bir bölgede (müttefiklerine) "saldırı" düzenlemekle suçlamıştı. Onun "saldırı" olarak nitelediği, Türkiye'nin PYD/YPG'ye karşı ulusal güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla yaptığı operasyonlardı. Bu operasyonlara karşı çıkmak da Türkiye'nin sadece ekonomik çıkarlarını değil, ayrıca toprak bütünlüğünü de umursamamaktı, doğal olarak.
LÜBNAN'A ÇIKARMA Macron'un yaklaşık 200 kişinin ölümüne yol açan limanındaki dramatik patlama ardından koşturarak Beyrut'a gitmesini ve ülkesinin bu bölgeye ilgisini dile getirmesini, Fransa 'nın son yıllarda canlanan yeni-sömürgeci politikasının somut göstergelerinden biri kabul etmek gerekir. Macron önceki gün, 1 Eylül 1920'de Suriye'deki Fransız mandasının özerk bir parçası olan "Grand-Liban" ın (Büyük Lübnan) kuruluşunun 100. yıldönümünde yine Beyrut'taydı. Orada Grand-Liban'ın ikinci yüzyılını simgeleyen bir sedir ağacı fidanı dikti. Oysa Grand-Liban, Lübnan'daki mandasının sona erdiği 1946'da çoktan tarihe karışmıştı.
Fransızcanın bu ülkede hâlâ geçerli olduğu, anayasasının 11. maddesinin Fransızcanın kullanılacağı alanların kanunla düzenleneceğinden söz ettiği dikkate alınırsa, geri dönen Fransız kolonyalizminin Lübnan halkı açısından hiç de hayırlı olmayacağı ortada. Halkının üçte birinin -çoğu Maruni kökenli- Hristiyan olması, Fransa'nın bölgeye kolonyal bağlamda tekrar yerleşmesini haklı kılmıyor. Ama Le Monde'da yayımlanan başyazıya göre, Macron'un oraya gitmesi gerekliydi: "Bu iki ülke tarihi, duygusal ve entelektüel bağlarla birbirine bağlı; ABD çoktandır Lübnan'da yok, AB çok meşgul. Ama Türkiye Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı Fuat Oktay ve İran Dışişleri Bakanı Cevad Zarif Beyrut'a gitmişlerdi. Onlardan önce bir Avrupalının oraya gitmiş olmasını kutlamak gerekir" .
YÜZYIL ÖNCESİNE DÖNMEK, İKİLİ İLİŞKİLER AÇISINDAN HAYIRLI DEĞİL Görüldüğü üzere, Fransa Orta Doğu'da yüzyıl önceki eski kolonilerine dönmenin, Libya'da İtalya'nın yerini almanın ve Doğu Akdeniz 'de enerji kaynaklarından yararlanmanın peşinde. Bu politikayı bugünün koşullarında yalnız başına uygulaması kuşkusuz mümkün değil. Ama peşinden AB'yi sürüklemek ve giderek seçilme şansı artan ABD başkan adayı Joe Biden'a yaslanmak suretiyle, yüzyıl öncesinin büyük güçlerinden biri olarak bu politikayı başarıyla uygulayacağı umudunu taşıyor olsa gerek.
Fransa bu politikasının önünde engel olarak Türkiye 'yi görüyor. Her ne kadar kamuoyunun önüne Erdoğan atılıyor olsa da, Macron yaptığının Türkiye karşıtlığı olduğunun farkında. Bu karşıtlık ikili ilişkileri kâğıt üstünde Franklin Bouillon'un 20 Ekim 1920'de imzalayarak Fransa'yı savaştan çıkardığı Ankara Anlaşması öncesine taşıma riski barındırıyor. Bu risk iki ülkenin sıcak savaşa gireceği anlamına gelmiyor elbette; zira yüzyıl öncesinde bile Türkiye'ye karşı İtilaf cephesi içinde vekiller kullanılarak yapılan bir savaş söz konusuydu. Ama kabul etmek gerekir ki bu politikanın sürdürülmesi ikili ilişkilerde onarılması güç gedikler açabilir. Hatta geldiğimiz noktada bile, Fransa'ya karşı güvensizlik duygusunu körüklediğini söylemek mümkün. Kuşkusuz bundan çok daha önemlisi, 21. yüzyılda dünyamızın hâlâ uluslararası hukuku bir tarafa bırakarak böyle bir riski göze alan politikalarla karşı karşıya kalabiliyor olması; bu hem üzücü hem de insanlık adına utanç verici.