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Adalet Bakanlığı ABD Başkanı Biden 'ın 1915 olayları için aldığı karara sert tepki gösterdi. Bakanlıktan yapılan açıklamada, "ABD Devlet Başkanı'nın açıklamalarının hukuki bir karşılığı yoktur. Bireylerin olduğu gibi devletlerin de lekelenmeme hakkı vardır." ifadelerine yer verildi.
ABD'DEN SKANDAL '1915 OLAYLARI' KARARI ABD Başkanı Joe Biden, 1915 olayları ile ilgili iddia edilen sözde soykırım hakkında skandal bir açıklamada bulundu. Biden, olayları "soykırım" olarak niteledi ve "Her yıl bugün Osmanlı dönemindeki Ermeni soykırımında ölenleri hatırlıyoruz ve böyle bir zulmün bir daha yaşanmaması için taahhüdümüzü yeniliyoruz." ifadelerini kullandı.
İŞTE YALANLAR VE GERÇEKLER 1-SOYKIRIM NEDİR? Soykırım, hukukun tanımladığı ve çerçevesini belirlediği uluslararası topluma karşı bir suç tipidir. Bu suç uluslararası düzeyde ilk defa 1948 BM Soykırım Suçunun Önlenmesi ve Cezalandırılması Sözleşmesi ile tanımlanmış bulunmaktadır.
2-TÜRKİYE BM SÖZLEŞMESİ'NE TARAF MIDIR? Türkiye 1950'den bu yana, yani ilk yıllardan itibaren, bu Sözleşmeye taraftır. 149 devletin taraf olduğu Sözleşme doğrultusunda ülkeler iç hukuklarında da Soykırım Suçunu düzenlemiştir. 3-MEVZUATIMIZDA SOYKIRIM SUÇU VAR MIDIR? 1 Haziran 2005 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu, 76. maddede soykırım suçunu, 77. maddede insanlığa karşı suçları uluslararası belgelerde ortaya konulan çerçeveye uygun şekilde düzenlemiştir. Üstelik bu suçlarda zamanaşımının işlemeyeceği de hüküm altına alınmıştır. Zamanaşımının işlememesi kuralı 1 Haziran 2005'ten sonra işlenen suçlar için geçerlidir. 4-SUÇUN UNSURLARI NEDİR? Öncelikle özel bir kasıtla hareket edilmesi gerekir. Burada özel kasıt şudur: Milli, etnik, ırki veya dini bir gru¬bu, sırf bu niteliği nedeniyle, kısmen veya tamamen yok etmek amacıyla hareket edilmiş olmalıdır. Bu saikle belli bir gruba yönelen öldürme, yaralama gibi yok etmeye yönelik fiiller soykırım suçuna neden olur.
5-BİR FİİLİN SOYKIRIM OLDUĞUNA KİM KARAR VERİR? Soykırımın siyaset, sosyoloji ve tarih gibi çeşitli disiplinlerin ilgi alanına girdiğine şüphe yoktur. Ama hukuken bir fiilin soykırım suçunu oluşturabilmesi için ya iddia olunan eylemlerin gerçekleştiği ülke yargısının ya da yargılama yetkisine sahip bulunan uluslararası bir yargısal mekanizmanın (Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemeleri ya da Uluslararası Adalet Divanı) bu konuda karar vermesi gerekmektedir (BM Sözleşmesi m. 6). Ayrıca suçlanan kişilerin hayatta olması da kovuşturma şartlarından biridir.
6-DÜNYA TARİHİNDE SOYKIRIM SUÇU OLDUĞU SONUCUNA VARILMIŞ YARGI KARARLARI VAR MI? 1945 tarihli Nürnberg Mahkemesi, Almanya'nın savaş suçlarını ve insanlığa karşı suçlarını yargılamıştır. Teknik anlamda soykırımı ele almayan bu mahkeme uluslararası statü ile kurulmuştu. 1954'ten itibaren Almanya kendi çıkardığı kanunlarla Yahudi soykırımı faillerini yargılamaya başlamıştır. 1965 yılında o kanunu değiştirerek, zamanaşımını kaldırmış ve bunu aleyhe biçimde geçmişe yürütmüştür.
7-Uluslararası düzeyde ise 1993'te Eski Yugoslavya Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, 1994'te Ruanda Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi kurularak insanlığa karşı suçlar yargılanmış, soykırım tespiti yapılmıştır. 1998 Ruanda kararı dünya tarihinde bir uluslararası mahkeme tarafından soykırım kararı verilen ilk karardır. Uluslararası Adalet Divanı 2007'de Bosna'da bir soykırım olduğunu kabul etmiştir. Dolayısıyla, Almanya, Bosna ve Ruanda'daki olaylara 'soykırım' demenin hukuki bir temeli vardır. 8-1915 OLAYLARINI SOYKIRIM OLARAK NİTELEYEN GÖREVLİ VE YETKİLİ BİR MAHKEME KARARI VAR MI, OLABİLİR Mİ? Bu konuda bir yargı kararı yoktur. Esasen ve usulen de mümkün değildir. BM Sözleşmesi ve Uluslararası Adalet Divanı kararlarında ortaya konulan çerçeve karşısında yargısal bir mekanizmanın harekete geçmesi söz konusu olamaz. Kaldı ki, UCM ya da herhangi bir ad hoc mahkeme, ancak hayatta olan failleri yargılayabilir. İddia olunan failler hayatta değilse tüm ceza yargılamalarında olduğu gibi burada da kovuşturma olanağı bulunmamaktadır.
9-1915 OLAYLARINI AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ YARGILAYABİLİR Mİ? AİHM, Perinçek/İsviçre ile Mercan ve diğerleri/İsviçre kararlarında; 1915'de Osmanlı Devleti zamanında Ermeniler'in yaşadığı olaylar ve tehcirin uluslararası hukuk anlamında "soykırım" olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyeceği konusunda Soykırım Sözleşmesi bağlamında Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ya da Uluslararası Adalet Divanının aksine bağlayıcı karar alma yetkisinin bulunmadığını ifade etmiştir. Dolayısıyla 1915 olayları ndan kaynaklı herhangi bir hak iddiası AİHM nezdinde ileri sürülemeyecektir.
10-1915 OLAYLARINI SOYKIRIM OLARAK KABUL ETMEMEK CEZALANDIRILABİLİR Mİ? Bu konu yukarıda anılan davalarla AİHM önüne taşınmıştır. Bu davalarda, Ermeni soykırım iddialarını reddetmeyi suç olarak düzenleyen İsviçre hukuku AİHM'den ihlal kararı almıştır. Konu ifade özgürlüğü kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Kararda, tarihsel olaylar hakkındaki görüş açıklamalarını cezai yaptırıma bağlamanın Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ile öngörülen ifade özgürlüğünü koruma yükümlülüğü ile bağdaşmayacağı vurgulanmıştır. 11-ABD BAŞKANI'NIN AÇIKLAMALARININ HUKUKİ TEMELİ VAR MI? Ülkemizin de taraf olduğu Soykırım Sözleşmesi ve bu Sözleşmeyi yorumlayan UAD içtihatları dikkate alındığında ABD Devlet Başkanı'nın açıklamalarının hukuki bir karşılığı yoktur. Bireylerin olduğu gibi devletlerin de lekelenmeme hakkı vardır. Tamamen siyasi saiklerle ortaya atılan mesnetsiz iddialar, asırlar boyunca adalet ve hukukla yaşamış bir milletin şanlı tarihine çamur atma arayışından başka bir anlama gelmemektedir.