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Türkiye 'nin tarihi enerji yolculuğu tüm yaptırım tehditlerine rağmen yerli bir sondaj filosunun kurulmasıyla başladı.Tarihler 6 Nisan 2017'yi gösteriyordu. Dönemin Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Berat Albayrak , Milli Enerji ve Maden Politikası Toplantısı'nda Türkiye'nin ilk kez sondaj gemisi alacağını duyurdu. Türkiye'nin enerji yolculuğundaki kaderi belki de bu hamleyle döndü. Albayrak'ın yerli ve milli filo hamlesi muhalefet tarafından hayal olarak görülüp eleştirilse de, Albayrak kararından geri adım atmadı.
Albayrak, gemilerin hedefini de aynı toplantıda belirledi, "Bu yıl alımını gerçekleştireceğimiz arama sondaj gemimizle, yılda en az Akdeniz'de 2 tane, Karadeniz'de 2 tane her yıl kuyu kazacağız" dedi.
29 Mayıs 2020'de Haydarpaşa Limanı'ndan yola çıkan Fatih sondaj gemisi, Filyos Limanı'ndaki hazırlık süreçlerinin ardından Karadeniz'e açılarak 20 Temmuz 2020'de ilk sondajına başladı.
Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 21 Ağustos 2020'de Fatih'in, Sakarya Gaz Sahası'ndaki Tuna-1 lokasyonunda 320 milyar metreküple Türkiye tarihindeki en büyük doğal gaz keşfini yaptığını bildirdi.
Erdoğan, 17 Ekim 2020'de ise Fatih sondaj gemisinin ilave 85 milyar metreküp rezerv keşfettiğini ve toplam miktarın 405 milyar metreküpe yükseldiğini açıkladı.
Fatih, Sakarya Gaz Sahası'ndaki derin deniz tespit kuyularından ilki olan Türkali-1'de 5 Kasım 2020'de sondaja başlarken, Kanuni, sahadaki çalışmaları hızlandırmak amacıyla 13 Kasım'da Haydarpaşa Limanı'ndan Karadeniz'e uğurlandı.
Türkali-1' ve Türkali-2 tespit kuyularında çalışmalarını tamamlayan Fatih, 8 Nisan 2021'de keşif amaçlı sondaj yapmak üzere Amasra-1 kuyusunda sondaja başladı.
Bu sırada 5 Mayıs 2021'de Kanuni, Karadeniz'deki ilk görevi olan Türkali-2 kuyusunda derin deniz kuyu testlerini yapmak üzere denize açıldı.
Başkan Erdoğan, 4 Haziran 2021'de Fatih sondaj gemisinin, Amasra-1 kuyusunda 135 milyar metreküp gaz keşfettiğini açıkladı. Aynı gün, Karadeniz gazının karaya çıkış noktası olan Filyos Doğal Gaz İşleme Tesisi'nin temeli atıldı.
Sakarya Sahası Gaz Yakma Töreni'nin ardından 29 Temmuz'da Türkali-2 tespit kuyusunda ilk kuyu akış testi tamamlandı.
YAVUZ'UN KARADENİZ YOLCULUĞU BAŞLADI Karadeniz'deki çalışmalara katılmak üzere Yavuz sondaj gemisi, 6 Ekim 2021'de Haydarpaşa Limanı'ndan hareket etti ve 7 Ekim'de Filyos Limanı'na ulaştı.
Kanuni, 7 Aralık 2021'de Türkali-2'de yürüttüğü ilk derin deniz kuyu testlerini başarıyla tamamlamasının ardından 10 Aralık'ta Türkali-1'de derin deniz kuyu testine başladı.
Türkali-3, Türkali-4, Türkali-5 ve Türkali-6 tespit kuyularında sondajları tamamlayan Fatih, 24 Aralık'ta Türkali-7 kuyusunda sondaja geçti.
Fatih, tespit kuyularındaki çalışmaların ardından yeni keşif hedefiyle 16 Şubat'ta Sakarya Gaz Sahası'ndaki üçüncü arama kuyusu olan Karasu-1'de 5 bin metre derinlikte yapacağı sondajına başladı.
Sakarya Gaz Sahası Geliştirme Projesi kapsamında keşfedilen doğal gazı karaya ulaştıracak ünitenin ilk kaynağının 10 Mart'ta yapılmasının ardından, gazı kuyu başından üretim haznesine iletecek dev vanalardan ikisi Filyos Limanı'na ulaştı.
Doğal gazı taşıyacak boruları deniz tabanına yerleştirecek Castoro 10 isimli gemi 7 Haziran'da Filyos Limanı'na ulaştı ve deniz tabanına ilk boru 13 Haziran'da indirildi. Hali hazırda Castorone gemisi derin sularda boru serim işlemini sürdürüyor.
İLK ETAPTA GÜNLÜK 10 MİLYON METREKÜP GAZ ÜRETİMİ Sakarya Gaz Sahası'nda üretim için öncelikle 10 kuyu açılacak.
Karadeniz'deki her 6 kuyu denizin altında bir dağıtım haznesine bağlanacak ve tek hat olarak kıyıya çıkacak.
Bu kapsamda Faz-1'deki 10 Türkali kuyusunun 6'sı bir dağıtım haznesinde, diğer 4'ü ise ikinci bir dağıtım haznesinde toplanacak. Faz-2 kapsamında kuyular açılmaya devam edildikçe her dağıtım haznesinde 6 kuyu bağlı hale gelecek.
Dağıtım hazneleri eylül ayından itibaren denizin altına yerleştirilmeye başlanacak.
Doğal gazın karaya çıkış noktasında ise ilk etapta kasım ayında tamamlanması planlanan Batı Karadeniz Gazı Ölçüm İstasyonu, ikinci etapta Batı Karadeniz Doğal Gaz Boru Hattı Faz-1 kısmı inşa edilecek.
Karaya çıkarılan doğal gaz, bir gaz ölçüm istasyonu ve 211 kilometrelik boru hattıyla ulusal iletim şebekesine aktarılacak.
Yapılan çalışmalarla Sakarya Gaz Sahası'ndan ilk etapta günlük 10 milyon metreküp, ikinci etapta günlük 40 milyon metreküp doğal gaza ulaşılacak.
Türkiye , Berat Albayrak 'ın Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı döneminde ortaya konan stratejik vizyon ile birlikte o tarihten bu yana hiçbir jeopolitik krizden etkilenmeden her türlü talebi karşılayabilecek altyapı çalışamalarını başlattı. İşte adım adım yapılanlar...
1. MARMARA EREĞLİSİ LGN TERMİNALİ LNG ithalatına başlanılmasıyla birlikte alınan gaz için hem baz yük tesisi olarak kullanılmak hem de istenildiğinde pik düşürücü olarak devreye sokulmak üzere 1994 yılında işletmeye açılan Marmara Ereğlisi LNG Terminali'nin kapasitesi artırıldı. Yapılan yatırım ile tesisin gazlaştırma kapasitesi günlük 18 milyon metreküpten, 37 milyon metreküpe çıkarıldı. İskele genişletme çalışmaları yapılarak dünyadaki en büyük gemilerin bile hizmet verebileceği altyapı oluşturuldu. Marmara Ereğlisi LNG Terminali toplam 255 bin metreküp depolama kapasitesine sahip ve son dönemde iki kat artışla günlük 37 milyon metreküpü bulan LNG'yi gazlaştırarak iletim sistemine aktarabiliyor. Ülkemizin gaz ihtiyacının önemli bölümü karşılanıyor.
2.FSRU
Türkiye 'deki enerji arz güvenliğindeki kritik yapı taşlarından biri de FSRU oldu. Hatay Dörtyol 'da dünyanın en büyük FSRU ve LNG gemilerinin yanaşacağı bir iskele inşa edildi. 2017'de ilk FSRU gemisi faaliyete başladı. 2018'de işletmeye alınan Dörtyol FSRU Terminali , FSRU gemileri ile boru hatlarına bağlı kalmadan farklı kaynak, ülke ya da spot piyasalardan gaz tedarikine imkân sağlıyor. Milli FSRU gemisi Ertuğrul Gazi, 110 milyon metreküp doğalgaz depolama kapasitesi ile dünyada kapasitesi en yüksek gemilerin başında geliyor. Ayrıca 28 milyon metreküplük günlük gazlaştırma kapasitesi ile öne çıkıyor. O dönemde 6 ay gibi rekor sürede tamamlanan ilk FSRU liman tesisi 2017'de İzmir Aliağa'da devreye alındı. Aynı bölgede Egegaz Terminali'nin de kapasitesi artırıldı. Üçüncü FSRU Saros'ta geliştirildi. 350 metre iskele uzunluğu ile sisteme günlük 28 milyon metreküp gaz verecek şekilde planlandı.
3.GAZ DEPOLAMA TESİSLERİ O dönemde çizilen hedeflerden biri de 2023 yılına kadar doğalgaz depolama kapasitesini 10 milyar metreküpe çıkarmaktı. Bu kapsamda Silivri Depolama Tesisi'nin kapasitesinin 2.7 milyar metreküpten 4.6 milyar metreküpe, Tuz Gölü Depolama Tesisi'nin kapasitesinin ise 700 milyon metreküpten 5.4 milyar metreküpe çıkaracak plan devreye alındı. İki tesisin de günlük gaz verme kapasitesinin de artırılması planlandı. Bugün Silivri'deki tesis Tesis günlük 45 milyon metreküp enjeksiyon ve 75 milyon metreküp geri üretim kapasitesine sahip. Ülkemizin en yoğun tüketim döneminde bile talebin 4'te 1'ini tek başına karşılayabiliyor. Tuz Gölü tesisi 1.2 milyar metreküp çalışma gazı kapasitesine ulaştı.
4. BORU HATLARI Azeri doğalgazını, Türkiye üzerinden Avrupa'ya taşıyan TANAP 2018'de açıldı. Boru hattıyla Azerbaycan'ın Hazar Denizi'ndeki Şah Deniz 2 doğalgaz sahası ve Hazar Denizi'nin güneyindeki diğer sahalarda üretilen doğalgaz öncelikle Türkiye'ye, ardından Avrupa'ya taşınıyor. Hat, Türkiye'nin doğalgaz ihtiyacının yaklaşık yüzde 12'sini tek başına karşılıyor. 2016'da Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ve Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin tarafından imzalanan hükümetlerarası anlaşmayla Türk Akım projesi de devreye alındı.
STRATEJİK HAMLELER MEYVELERİNİ VERMEYE BAŞLADI Enerjide Berat Albayrak 'ın bakanlığı döneminde 2017'de temelleri atılan bu çalışmalar, Türkiye'yi hem kışın gaz endişesinden korudu, hem de ihracatçı yaptı. O dönemde stratejik planlamayla hayata geçirilen FSRU (Yüzer LGN Depolama ve Gazlaştırma Ünitesi), yeni boru hatları, LGN terminalleri ve doğal gaz depolama tesisi hamlelerinin meyvelerini toplamaya başlayan BOTAŞ , bugün Türkiye'ye sınır komşusu olmayan bir Avrupa ülkesine gaz ihraç etmeye başlıyor. Bir ilk olan bu anlaşmayla Avrupa'nın arz güvenliğine katkı sağlanacak.
HER YIL 275 MİLYON METREKÜP İLE 500 MİLYON METREKÜP ARASINDA GAZ TESLİMİ YAPILACAK Sabah Gazetesi'nden yer alan habere göre; BOTAŞ ve Macaristan devlet şirketi MVM CEEnergy arasında imzalanan anlaşma 2024-2025 yıllarını kapsıyor. Her yıl 275 milyon metreküp ile 500 milyon metreküp arasında gaz teslimi yapılacak. Macaristan'a doğalgaz sevkiyatının gelecek yıldan itibaren başlaması öngörülüyor. Macaristan'da gerçekleştirilen törende tarihi anlaşmaya Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Alparslan Bayraktar ve Macaristan Enerji Bakanlığı Kamu Yönetiminden Sorumlu Müsteşarı ve MVM CEEnergy Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Gabor Czepek'in himayelerinde BOTAŞ Genel Müdürü ve Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Burhan Özcan ile MVM CEEnergy Üst Yöneticisi Laszlo Fritsch'in imza attı. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Alparslan Bayraktar önceki gün yapılan anlaşmayla ilgili "Macar MVM şirketi arasında imzalanan doğal gaz anlaşmasıyla ilk kez sınır komşumuz olmayan bir Avrupa ülkesine doğal gaz ihracatı gerçekleştireceğiz. Türkiye Avrupa'nın arz güvenliğine katkı yapmaya devam ediyor" ifadelerini kullanmıştı.
BULGARİSTAN'LA DA BAŞLADI Türkiye ocak ayında da Bulgaristan ile anlaşma imzalamıştı. Marmara Ereğlisi LNG Terminali üzerinden Bulgaristan'a doğalgaz sevkiyatı nisan ayında başlamıştı. Bulgaristan'ın enerji güvenliğine katkı sağlayan anlaşmayla, yıllık 1.5 milyar metreküp doğalgaz sevkiyatı gerçekleşecek.