Sağlık Bakanlığı ülkemizde 2010 yılından bu yana görülen ve sivrisinek sokmasıyla bulaşan viral hastalık Batı Nil Virüsü hakkında yeni bir açıklama yaptı.
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Sağlık Bakanlığı ülkemizde 2010 yılından bu yana görülen ve sivrisinek sokmasıyla bulaşan viral hastalık Batı Nil Virüsü hakkında yeni bir açıklama yaptı.
6 KİŞİDE GÖRÜLDÜ
Sağlık Bakanlığı'ndan yapılan açıklamada şu ifadelere yer verildi:
Batı Nil Virüsü Enfeksiyonu, virüsü taşıyan sivrisineklerin sokmasıyla bulaşan viral bir hastalıktır. Hastalık genelde mevsimsel olup yaz boyunca ve sonbaharın erken dönemlerinde görülmektedir. Hastalık, kişiden kişiye doğrudan bulaşmamaktadır. Ülkemizde 2010 yılından itibaren görülen Batı Nil Virüsü Enfeksiyonu 2024 yılında 6 kişide tespit edilmiştir. Hastalarımızın takip ve tedavilerine devam edilmektedir. Bakanlığımızca gerekli çalışmalar yürütülmekte ve süreç hassasiyetle takip edilmektedir. Güncel gelişmeler kamuoyunun bilgisine sunulacaktır.
'SAĞLIK BAKANLIĞINDAN BATI NİL VİRÜSÜ ENFEKSİYONU UYARISI'
Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın sosyal medya hesabından yapılan açıklamada, hastalığın görüldüğü bölgede yaşayan veya bu bölgelere seyahat eden kişilerin hastalığın bulaşması açısından dikkatli olması gerektiği vurgulandı. Hastalıktan korunmak için temel yaklaşımın sivrisinek sokmasından korunmak olduğu bildirildi. Bu nedenle hastalığın görüldüğü bölgelere seyahat eden vatandaşların bakanlığın yayımladığı seyahat talimatlarına uyması gerektiği söylendi.
'HASTALARIN YÜZDE 80'İNDE BELİRTİ GÖRÜNMÜYOR'
Açıklamada, virüsün bulaştığı kişilerin yüzde 80'inde herhangi bir belirti görülmediği, hastaların yaklaşık yüzde 20'sinde ise ateş, baş ağrısı, kas ağrısı, halsizlik, iştahsızlık, lenf bezlerinde şişlik, bulantı-kusma ve ciltte dökülmelerin görüldüğü kaydedildi. Hastanın iyileşme süresinin ise yaklaşık 1 hafta olduğu ifade edildi.
Vatandaşların, Batı Nil Virüs Enfeksiyonu için riskli ülkeleri, seyahat sağlığı merkezlerinden ya da 444 77 34 numaralı seyahat sağlığı hattından öğrenebileceği belirtildi.
BATI NİL VİRÜSÜ NEDİR?
Batı Nil Virüsü Enfeksiyonu, insanlarda nörolojik hastalıklara ve ölümlere neden olabilen, insanlara sıklıkla enfekte sivrisineklerin sokması ile bulaşan viral bir hastalıktır.
Hastalığın etkeni Flaviviridae ailesinin Flaviviruscinsinde yer alan bir RNA virüsüdür. Batı Nil Virüsü (BNV)nün yaşam döngüsünde, yabani kuşlar ana konaktır. Kuşlardan kan emen sivrisinekler, hastalık etkenini insanlara, bazı memelilere (at gibi) ve yabani kuşlara taşırlar.Ancak insanlarda ve atlarda enfeksiyon düşük viremi ile seyrettiğinden bunlar diğer sivrisinekleri enfekte edemez, dolayısı ile kazara döngüye girerler ve son konak olurlar.
BNV ilk olarak 1937 yılında Uganda'da Batı Nil bölgesinde bir kadında izole edilmiştir. Kuşlarda (kargalar ve güvercinler), ilk defa 1953 yılında Nil Deltasında tanımlanmıştır.Hastalığa yönelik insan enfeksiyonları, dünya genelinde birçok ülkede 50 yıldan daha uzun süredir görülmektedir. Hastalık, çoğunlukla Afrika, Avrupa, Orta Doğu, Kuzey Amerika ve Batı Asya'da görülür. 2018 yılında Avrupa Bölgesinde ve komşu ülkelerinde vaka sayılarında artışlar görüldüğü bildirilmektedir.
2010 yılından beri ülkemizde de BNV vaka bildirimleri olmaktadır.
Salgın bölgeleri başlıca kuş göç yolları üzerinde yer almaktadır. Hastalık genelde mevsimsel özellik göstermekte olup yaz boyunca ve sonbaharın erken dönemlerinde görülür.
BNV insanlara esas olarak hastalığa sebep olan virüsü taşıyan sivrisineklerin sokmasıyla bulaşır. Virüs kırkın üzerinde sivrisinek türünden izole edilmiş olmasına rağmen daha fazla sıklıkla görülen cins Culex cinci sivrisinekler tarafından taşınırlar.Hastalığa vektörlük eden sivrisinekler;
Gündüzleri bodrum katları, kiler, bina eklentileri, mağara gibi ıssız alanlarda saklanırlar.
Genellikle geceleri ortaya çıkar ve insanlar için tehlike oluştururlar.
BELİRTİLERİ NELER?
Virüsü almış yaklaşık her 5 kişiden 1'inde ateşle beraber ishal, kusma, eklem ağrıları, baş ağrısı, vücut ağrıları veya döküntü gibi diğer belirtiler gelişebilir. Çoğu kişi bu tip Batı Nil Ateşi hastalığından tamamen kurtulur ancak yorgunluk ve halsizlik haftalar veya aylarca devam edebilir.
HASTALIĞI TAŞIYAN SİVRİSİNEKLER NEREDE ÜRÜYOR?
Hastalığı taşıyan sivrisineklerin başlıca üreme alanları;
Irmak kenarları, havuzlar, kuyular, yağmur suyu ile yerde, kayalıklarda oluşan su birikintileri, bataklıklar, ağaç kovukları, erimiş kar suları, su dolu lastik ve tenekeler gibi her çeşit yapay su birikintileridir.
Batı Nil Virüsü Enfeksiyonun inkübasyon süresi 3-14 gündür. Hastalık belirtileri olarak ateş, baş ağrısı, halsizlik, kas ağrıları, bulantı, kusma, karın ağrısı ve ishal, cilt döküntüsü, kas titremesi ve kasılmalar, uyku hali, koma görülebilirkennadiren ölüm görülür. Nörolojik hastalık ve ölüm yaşlı hastalarda daha sık görülmektedir.
Tedavisi, destek tedavisi şeklinde olup hastalık belirtilerine yöneliktir.Hastalığı önlemeye yönelik insanlar için aşı bulunmamaktadır.Hastalığın insandan insana direk ya da temasla geçişi yoktur.
HASTALIKTAN KORUNMAK İÇİN NE YAPILMALI?
Hastalıktan Korunmak İçin;
Sivrisinek sokmalarına karşı önlem alınmalıdır:
Sivrisineklerin aktif olduğu saatlerde (güneş battıktan sonra) açık alanda fazla kalınmamalı, kalınması halinde kapalı giysiler giyilmeli,
Pencerelere ve kapılara sineklik takılmalı,
Özellikle sineklerin çok olduğu dönemlerde cibinlik kullanılmalı,
Kapalı ortamlarda, hava dolaşımı yaratacak vantilatör, klima gibi cihazlar kullanılmalıdır.
Lastik tekerlek içleri, teneke kutular, boş saksılar, su varilleri gibi sivrisineklerin kolay üreyebildiği yerlerde su birikmesi önlenmeli ve bakımı sağlanmalı,
Suyu biriktiren kap ve oyuncaklardaki sular boşaltılmalı, kullanılmadığında ters çevrilmeli,
Hayvan sulukları ve yalakları düzenli olarak temizlenmeli, içindeki sular haftada en az üç kez değiştirilmeli,
Açık foseptik çukurlar kapatılmalıdır.
Evlerin yakınındaki küçük su birikintileri kurutulmalıdır.