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Herkes oruç tutabilir mi? İlaç kullananlar nasıl oruç tutmalı? İslamın beş şartından biri olan oruç tutmak müslaman alemine farz kılınmıştır. Nefsin isteklerini kontrol etme, sabır etme ve ruhun arındırılması üzerinde orucun büyük etkisi vardır. Ramazan ayının başlamasıyla birlikte bir ay boyunca oruç tutulur. Peki herkes oruç tutabilir mi, ilaç kullanmak zorunda olanlar oruç tutmalı mı, oruç tutamayanlar ne yapmalı? Sorularının yanıtları da gündemde sıkça araştırılmaya başlandı. İşte merak edilen soruların yanıtları… takvim.com.tr Giriş Tarihi : 24 Nisan 2020 , 10:01 Güncelleme Tarihi : 24 Nisan 2020 , 10:14
Sayısız faydası olan oruç, uzmanlara göre hem ruhsal hem de bedensel sağlık için büyük önem taşıyor. Ruhsal ya da bedensel hastalıkları olanların oruç tutması ise fayda yerine zarar getirebilir. Sürekli ilaç kullanmak zorunda olanlar, kronik rahatsızlığı var olanlar, depresyon gibi ruhsal problemlere sahip kişiler oruç tutmalı mıdır? İLAÇ KULLANANLAR ORUÇ TUTABİLİR Mİ? Ramazan ayında bazı özel durumu olanların da oruç tutması sakıncalıdır. Parkinson, Alzheimer, sara, psikiyatrik bozukluk, kanser, kronik böbrek yetmezliği olanlar, yaşlı ve vücutça düşkün kişiler, düzenli olarak ilaç kullanması gerekenler, ameliyatlı veya ameliyatın dinlenme döneminde bulunanlar, hamile veya çocuk emzirenlerin de oruç tutması sakıncalı olabilir. Tedavisi zor ya da ciddi bir hastalık sebebiyle bir ameliyat geçirmiş ve mutlaka beslenmesi gereken hastalıklar. Bu gruba tüm kanserli ve önemli ameliyat geçirmiş hastalar dahil edilebilir. Devamlı ilaç kullanmayı gerektiren ağır kalp, böbrek, karaciğer hastaları, ağır şeker hastalığı olan kimseler. Şiddetli ağrılı hastalıkları sebebiyle ilaç kullanması gereken kimseler, ülser hastalığı ve diğer sancılı hastalıkları olanlar Mevcut bir hastalığın oruç sebebiyle daha ağırlaşabileceği ya da sıhhatin bozulacağından endişe edilen hastalıklar, (Tüberküloz ve diğer ateşli hastalıklar gibi)
Ramazan ayının sıcak aylara gelmesi bu süreci daha da zorlu kılar. Çünkü vücut çok uzun süre aç kalır ve sıcak havalar sebebiyle vücut çok fazla sıvı kaybı yaşar. Üstelik metabolizma yavaşlar ve vücut farklı bir düzene geçer. Bu düzene alışması ise neredeyse 3 haftayı bulur. Bu noktada kalp hastalarının hastalıklarını kontrol altında tutması çok zordur. Özellikle ilaç saatlerinin düzenlenmesi gerekir. BİR ANDA DÜŞEN VE ÇIKAN KAN ŞEKERİ, ŞEKER HASTALARI İÇİN ÇOK RİSKLİ!
Şeker hastalığının kontrol altına alınmasında beslenme düzeni belirleyici bir rol üstlenir. İster oral ( Ağızdan ) şeker düşürücü ilaçlar ister insülin ya da her ikisini kullansın. Şeker hastalarının mutlaka 3 ana, 3 ara öğün olmak üzere düzenli bir beslenme rutini olmalıdır. Bu durum insülin direncini düzenlemek için çok önemlidir. Oruç sebebiyle çok uzun süre aç kalan bir kişinin şekerinin düşmemesi neredeyse imkansızdır. Üstelik uzun açlık sonrasında iftarda bir anda yenen yemek de bir anda kan şekerinin normalin üstüne çıkmasına yol açar. Bu noktada şeker hastalarının oruç tutmaması sağlık açısından daha doğru bir karar olacaktır.
TANSİYON HASTALARI BİRDEN FAZLA İLAÇ KULLANIYORSA…
Tansiyon atardamarlar içindeki kan basıncına denir ve tansiyon hastalığı bu basıncın gereğinden az ve fazla olması durumudur. Özellikle de hipertansiyonu yani yüksek tansiyonu olan kişiler için oruç tutmak oldukça zordur. Çünkü tansiyonun normal seviyelerde seyretmesi için ilaç kullanan birçok tansiyon hastası vardır. Bu noktada tansiyon hastası olup oruç tutmak isteyen kişilerin mutlaka doktoruna danışması gerekir. Ancak tansiyon hastası olan bir kişi idrar söktürücü kullanıyor ve kaybettiği sıvıyı gün içinde alması gerekiyorsa oruç tutması çok sakıncalı olabilir. MİDE HASTALARI NE YAPMALIDIR?
Eğer bir kişinin midesiyle ilgili sağlık problemleri varsa ve oruç tutmak istiyorsa mutlaka Ramazan'dan önce doktoruyla birlikte bir düzenleme yapması gerekir. Çünkü uzun süre aç kalmak mide salgılarını azaltır ve bu durum mevcut şikayetlerin daha da artmasına yol açar. Az az ve sık sık yemek yemesi gereken bu kişiler Ramazan'da uzun süre aç kalıp bir anda yemek yedikçe çeşitli ataklar yaşayabilir. Bunu önlemek için ilaç desteği şarttır aynı zamanda iftar ve sahurda da hafif yiyecekler tüketilmelidir. Hatta iftarda az yenmeli, sahura kadar bir ara öğün eklenmelidir. ORUÇ TUTAMAYANLAR NE YAPMALI?
Sağlık durumları hiçbir şekilde kaza oruçlarını tutmaya el vermeyenlerin tutamadıkları her bir gün için fakirlere bir oruç fidyesi ödemeleri gerekiyor. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından 2020 yılı için fitre miktarı 27 TL olarak belirlendi. Peki oruç tutamayanlar bu miktarı ne zaman ve nasıl ödemeli?
1 - Buğday veya buğday unundan. Bunun vâcib olan miktarı, yarım sa' (520 dirhem: 1667 gr.) dır.
2 - Arpadan veya arpa unundan. Bunun miktarı ise, bir sa' (1040 dirhem: 3333 gr.) dır.
3 - Her türlü kuru üzümden. Bunun miktarı da bir sa' (3333 gr.) dır.
4 - Kuru hurmadan. Bunun miktarı ise yine 1 sa' (3333 gr.) dır.
Bu 4 gıda maddesinden herhangi birine göre fitre verilebilir. Bu fitreler aynen hurma, buğday, üzüm olarak verilebileceği gibi, kıymetleri para olarak da verilebilir. Hattâ kıymetlerinin para olarak ödenmesi, daha da efdaldir.
Kişinin fitresini verirken kendi malî imkânını ve zenginliğini göz önünde bulundurarak, fitresini bu 4 gıda maddesinden birinin kıymeti üzerinden ödemesi gerekir. Meselâ çok zengin olanlar fitrelerini hurmanın değeri üzerinden ödemelidirler. Çünkü en yüksek fitre miktarı hurmadır. Onun o zenginliğine münasib olan, fitresini hurma üzerinden ödemektir. Artık zenginlik derecesine göre, kuru üzüm, arpa ve buğday olmak üzere fitre ödenecek gıda maddesi değişir. Her yıl Ramazan ayında, müftülükler bu 4 gıda maddesine düşen fitre bedellerini ilân ederler. O bedellere göre fitreyi ödemek mümkündür.
ORUÇ FİDYESİ NE ZAMAN VERİLİR?
Oruç fidyesinin tutarı fıtır sadakası kadardır. Bu fidyeler Ramazan'ın başlangıcında verilebileceği gibi, Ramazan'ın içinde veya sonunda da verilebilir. Fidyelerin tamamı bir fakire topluca verilebileceği gibi, ayrı ayrı fakirlere de verilebilir. Bu durumda olan kimseler, fidye vermeye güçleri yetmiyorsa Allah'tan bağışlanmalarını isterler.