Akciğer kanseri, dünyada en sık ölüme neden olan kanser türleri arasında yer alıyor. Sinsi bir şekilde ilerleyen akciğer kanserinin görülme sıklığı da her geçen gün artan sigara tüketimine paralel olarak artış gösteriyor.
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Akciğer kanseri, dünyada en sık ölüme neden olan kanser türleri arasında yer alıyor. Sinsi bir şekilde ilerleyen akciğer kanserinin görülme sıklığı da her geçen gün artan sigara tüketimine paralel olarak artış gösteriyor.
Erken evrede teşhisin büyük önem taşıdığı akciğer kanserinin tedavisi ise tümörün tipine, evresine ve hastaya göre planlanıyor. Prof. Dr. Metin Özkan, şunları söylüyor: Akciğer kanseri tipik olarak erken evrelerinde belirti ve semptomlara neden olmayabilir. Çoğu hasta sigara içtiği için ilk belirtilerden biri olan öksürüğü sigara kullanımına bağlar ve doktora gitme ihtiyacı duymaz.
Bununla birlikte akciğer içindeki tümöre bağlı olarak öksürük, göğüs, omuz ve sırt ağrısı, balgam çıkarma, kanlı balgam ve kan tükürme, nefes darlığı, ses kısıklığı, yutma bozukluğu, boyun ve yüzde şişlik, göz kapaklarında düşme, hışıltılı solunum ve tekrarlayan bronşit veya zatürre atakları akciğer kanserinin belirtileri arasında yer alır. Ancak tümörün akciğer dışına yayılması durumunda aşağıdaki şikayetler de görülebilir.
Baş ağrısı,
Bulantı, kusma
Denge bozukluğu, baygınlık, hafıza kaybı
Cilt altı şişlikler
Kemik veya eklem ağrısı, kemik kırıkları
Genel halsizlik
Kanama, pıhtılaşma bozuklukları
İştah kaybı, açıklanamayan kilo kaybı
Kaşeksi (kas erimesi)
Yorgunluk İçilen her sigara kişiyi akciğer kanserine yaklaştırır. Akciğer kanserine neden olan diğer faktörler şu şekildedir.
İnşaat, gemi, izolasyon ve otomotiv gibi sektörlerde kullanılan ve toprakta bulunabilen asbest.
Toprağın doğal yapısında, binaların temelindeki toprak ve kayalarda bulunan radon gazı.
Uranyum, berilyum, vinil klorid, nikel kromat, kömür ürünleri, hardal gazı, klormetil eterler, petrol ürünleri gibi kansere yol açan kimyasallara maruziyet.
Yakın akrabalarda akciğer kanseri öyküsünün olması.
Yüksek düzeyde hava kirliliği.
İçilen suyun yüksek oranda arsenik içermesi.
Radyasyon tedavisi.
TOMOGRAFİ TANI İÇİN ÖNEMLİ
Akciğer kanserinin tanısının konulabilmesi için öncelikle akciğer grafisi, gerektiği durumda akciğer tomografisi çektirilir. "Balgam sitolojisi" denilen mikroskop altında balgam incelemesinin yapılması bazen kanser hücrelerinin varlığını ortaya çıkarabilir.
TEDAVİ HASTAYA GÖRE PLANLANIR
Akciğer kanserinde tümörün tipi, evresi ve hastanın genel durumu göz önünde bulundurularak tedavi planı yapılmaktadır. Akciğer kanserinin tedavisinin doğru yapılabilmesi için doğru evreleme şarttır. Ayrıca kanserin türüne göre de tedavi değişir. Hastalığın evresine göre; tümörün ameliyatla çıkarılması, kemoterapi ilaçları ve ışın tedavisi uygulanır. Bazı durumlarda bu tedaviler birlikte de uygulanabilir.
KORUNMA YOLLARI
Akciğer kanserinin en önemli nedeni tütün ve tütün ürünlerinin kullanımıdır. Bu nedenle en önemli faktör sigaradan uzak durulmasıdır. Hava kirliliği de hastalığı tetikleyen unsurdur. Sağlıklı beslenme düzeninin oluşturulması ve spor da hastalıktan korunmak için önemlidir.