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Yaklaşık 13 milyon SGK , SSK ve Bağkur'lu ek ödeme nedir ve ek ödeme nasıl hesaplanır? Sorusunu internette araştırıyor. 5454 sayılı Kanunla emekli ve hak sahiplerinin gelir ve aylık miktarlarına göre her ay belli bir oranda aldıkları ödemeye, ek ödeme denmektedir. 2006 yılına kadar vergi iadesi olarak yapılan ödeme şimdi ek ödeme olarak ödeniyor. Ek ödeme miktarları da her yıl devlet memuru aylık katsayısında meydana gelen artış oranlarında artırılıyor. Ayrıca çalışanların en çok merak ettiği konulardan bir tanesi de emekli olduğunda alacakları emekli maaşı. İster SSK, ister Bağ-Kur'dan Emekli olacak çalışanların alacakları emekli maaşı hesaplamasının nasıl yapıldığıdır.
DETAYLAR İÇİN BİR SONRAKİ SAYFAYA GEÇİNİZ
EMEKLİ EK ÖDEME NEDİR?
5454 sayılı Kanunla emekli ve hak sahiplerinin gelir ve aylık miktarlarına göre her ay belli bir oranda aldıkları ödemeye, ek ödeme denmektedir. 2006 yılına kadar vergi iadesi olarak yapılan ödeme şimdi ek ödeme olarak ödeniyor. Ek ödeme miktarları da her yıl devlet memuru aylık katsayısında meydana gelen artış oranlarında artırılıyor.
EK ÖDEME ALAN EMEKLİ GRUPLARI
5454 sayılı Kanunla ek ödeme kapsamına alınanlar açıklanmıştır. Bu kanun kapsamından primli, primsiz ödemeler statüsünden aylık, gelir alanlar da yararlanmaktadır.
5510 sayılı Kanun statüsünden olanlar;
– Emekli Sandığı(4/c), – Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu(4/a), – Bağ-Kur (4/b) aylık ya da gelir alanlar yararlanmaktadır.
Kanun numarasına göre aylık ve gelir bağlananlar da aşağıda belirtilmiştir;
– 08.06.1949 tarihli ve 5434 sayılı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Emekli Sandığı Kanunu,
– 17.07.1964 tarihli ve 506 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar Kanunu ile 17.10.1983 tarihli ve 2925 sayılı Tarım İşçileri Sosyal Sigortalar Kanunu,
– 24.02.1968 tarihli ve 1005 sayılı İstiklal Madalyası Verilmiş Bulunanlara Vatani Hizmet Tertibinden Şeref Aylığı Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 02.09.1971 tarihli ve 1479 sayılı Esnaf ve Sanatkârlar ve Diğer Bağımsız Çalışanlar Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu Kanunu ile 17.10.1983 tarihli ve 2926 sayılı Tarımda Kendi Adına ve Hesabına Çalışanlar Sosyal Sigortalar Kanunu,
– 01.07.1976 tarihli ve 2022 sayılı 65 Yaşını Doldurmuş Muhtaç, Güçsüz ve Kimsesiz Türk Vatandaşlarına Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 03.11.1980 tarihli ve 2330 sayılı Nakdi Tazminat ve Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 23.04.1981 tarihli ve 2453 sayılı Yurt Dışında Görevli Personele Nakdi Tazminat Verilmesi ve Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 18.12.1981 tarihli ve 2566 sayılı Bazı Kamu Görevlilerine Nakdi Tazminat Verilmesi ve Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 11.10.1983 tarihli ve 2913 sayılı Dünya, Olimpiyat ve Avrupa Şampiyonluğu Kazanmış Sporculara ve Bunların Ailelerine Aylık Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 28.05.1986 tarihli ve 3292 sayılı Vatani Hizmet Tertibi Aylıklarının Bağlanması Hakkında Kanun,
– 12.04.1991 tarihli ve 3713 sayılı Terörle Mücadele Kanunu hükümlerine göre aylık veya gelir bağlanmış olanlar ile özel kanunları uyarınca vatani hizmet tertibinden aylık bağlanmış bulunanlara, harp malûllüğü zammı ve tazminatlar dahil aylık veya gelir olarak her ay ödenecek tutarlara göre ayrıca ek ödeme yapılır.
Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakıfları tarafından yapılmakta olan;
a) Muhtaç asker ailelerine yönelik düzenli nakit yardım, b) Eşi vefat etmiş kadınlara yönelik düzenli nakit yardım, c) Şartlı eğitim ve sağlık yardımı, d) Okul öncesi eğitime katılan öğrencilere sağlanan yardımlar, e) Şartlı çocuk sağlık yardımı, f) Şartlı gebelik yardımı, g) Şartlı doğum takip ödemesi, h) Şartlı lohusalık takip ödemesi gibi Hazine tarafından destekli sosyal yardım ödemeleri ek ödeme kapsamına alınmamıştır.
EMEKLİ EK ÖDEME NASIL HESAPLANIR?
2006 yılında vergi iadesi kaldırılarak, yerine ek ödeme uygulamasına geçildi. Emekli maaşının yüzde 4'ü, ek ödeme olarak tüm emeklilerin her ay hesabına yatırılıyor. Yüzde 4'lük ek ödeme emekliden emekliye değişmiyor. Ocak ve temmuz olmak üzere senede iki kere maaşlara zam gelmekte, zamlarla birlikte alınacak ek ödeme tutarı da artıyor.
Memurun emekli aylığı nasıl hesaplanır?
Memur emekli aylığı hesabı yapılırken memurun derece, kademe, hizmet süresi ve ek göstergesini bilmek yeterlidir.
Bu yüzden her memur, göreve başladığı andan emekli olacağı tarihte alacağı emekli maaşını yaklaşık olarak bilir.
Memur emekli aylığı hesaplanırken de;
Memurun 657 sayılı Kanunun 43. Maddesindeki gösterge rakamı,
Aynı kanunun ekindeki I ve II sayılı cetveldeki ek gösterge rakamı,
Her yıl güncellenen memur maaş katsayısı,
Taban aylığı ve kıdem aylığı,
Memurun unvanına göre 5434 sayılı Kanunun ek 70. Maddesinde yer alan oran,
Özel hizmet tazminatı,
Varsa diğer tazminatları (makam, görev, temsil),
Ve memurun hizmet süresi dikkate alınır.
Burada memur maaşını en fazla etkileyen faktör ek gösterge rakamıdır. Bu da memurun unvanına bağlı olarak değişim göstermektedir.
Ekim 2008'den önce göreve başlayan memurların emekli aylığı hesaplamasında gösterge ve katsayı sistemi esas alınıyor.
Bu hesaplamaya göre 25 yıl hizmet vermiş memurun aylık bağlama oranı yüzde 75. Yani ortalama aylık kazancın yüzde 75'i emekli aylığı olarak bağlanıyor.
Ekim 2008 sonrası ilk kez sigortalı olan memurlar 25 yıl çalışmaları karşılığı ancak ortalama aylık kazançlarının yüzde 50'sini yani yarısını emekli aylığı olarak alabiliyor.
Dolayısıyla bu durum, eski ve yeni memurların emekli aylıkları arasında ortalama yüzde 30 fark doğmasına neden oluyor.
Bağ-Kur emekli aylığı nasıl hesaplanır?
Bağ-Kur'luların (4/b) emekli aylığı hesabı, esas itibariyle SSK 'lılara benzer.
Bağ-Kur'lular için de hesaplama yapılırken 2000 öncesi, 2000-2008 arası ve 2008 sonrası olmak üzere üç ayrı dönem söz konusu.
SSK'da olduğu gibi 2000 öncesi dönem gösterge sistemine göre, 2000 sonrası primleri ise güncelleme katsayısı sistemine göre hesaba dahil ediliyor.
Ancak Bağ-Kur'lular için farklı olan, 2008/Ekim ayına kadar basamak sistemine göre prim ödemiş olmaları.
SSK'lılar nasıl asgari ücretle bunun 6,5 katı arasında prim ödüyorlarsa, Bağ-Kur'lular da 1'den 24'e kadar basamaklar üzerinden prim ödüyorlardı.
Fakat 2008/Ekim itibariyle basamak sistemi kaldırıldı ve Bağ-Kur'lular da asgari ücret esaslı prim ödemeye başladılar.
1999'daki basamak önemli;
Bağ-Kur'luların aylıkları hesaplanırken, 2000 öncesi kısmi aylığı ayrı, 2000-2008/Ekim arası kısmi aylığı ayrı ve 2008/Ekim sonrası kısmi aylığı ayrı hesaplanıyor. Bunların toplamı ise, Bağ-Kur'luya bağlanacak aylığı belirliyor.
SSK'lılar için aylık hesabında emekli aylığının yüksek olmasındaki en önemli etken 2000 öncesindeki primlerdi.
Aynı durum Bağ-Kur'lular için de geçerli. Bağ-Kur'lu olarak 2000 öncesinde ne kadar fazla prim ödenmişse ve 31.12.1999 tarihinde ne kadar yüksek basamağa çıkılmışsa, alınacak emekli aylığı da o kadar yüksek olmaktadır.
2000 yılı öncesi kısmi aylık bulunup da bugünkü değerine güncellenince, sıra 01.01.2000 – 30.09.2008 dönemi kısmi aylık hesaplamasına geliyor.
Bu dönemde gösterge sisteminin yerine TÜFE ve gelişme hızından oluşan güncelleme katsayısı sistemine geçildi ve aylık bağlama oranı düşürüldü.
Dolayısıyla emekli aylığı miktarını bu dönemdeki çalışmalar daha az etkiliyor. Prim günü ve basamağı alınarak bu döneme ait kısmi aylık bulunuyor.
Bu nedenle, emekli aylığının yüksek olmasını isteyen Bağkur sigortalılarının prime esas kazançlarını yükseltmeleri, yüksekten prim ödemeleri alacakları emekli maaşına olumlu yönde katkı yapacaktır.
SGK'lının emekli aylığı nasıl hesaplanır?
Emeklilik için başvuruda bulunan SSK'lıların neredeyse tamamı, 2000 öncesi çalışması bulunan kişilerden oluşuyor. Bu kişilerin emekli aylıkları hesaplanırken; 2000 öncesi, 2000-2008/Ekim arası ve 2008/Ekim sonrası olmak üzere üç farklı hesaplama yapılıyor.
Üç dönemin ayrı ayrı hesaplanması ile bulunan kısmi aylıklar birleştiriliyor ve kişinin bugünkü aylığı bulunmuş oluyor.