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Kanal İstanbul'a neden ihtiyaç duyuluyor? Kanal projeleri hangi ülkeye ne kazandırdı? Giriş Tarihi: 28 Aralık 2019 14:38 Güncelleme Tarihi: 28 Aralık 2019 14:40
Türkiye'nin gündeminde 'Kanal İstanbul' projesi var. Dünyada da geçmişten günümüze sayısız ülke hayata geçirdikleri kanal projelerinden faydalandı. Faydalanmaya da devam ediyor. Peki mega kanalların katkıları neler? Kanal İstanbul Türkiye için neden önemli? İşte detaylar...
İnsanlar tarafından açılan su yollarının geçmişi milattan önce 510 senesine kadar uzanıyor.
İlk örneklerine de Mezopotamya'da rastlanıyor. Süveyş kanalı fikri bu dönemlere kadar dayanıyor. Romalıların da benzer fikirler ortaya attığı biliniyor.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde de, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman'ın sadrazamlarından Sokullu Mehmed Paşa'nın Volga Nehri'ni Karadeniz'e bağlayacak böylece Hazar Denizi ile Karadeniz'i birleştirecek bir kanal projesi bulunuyordu.
Günümüzde de özellikle Avrupa'da kanallar ulaşımda ciddi bir rol oynuyor. Fransa'da yaklaşık 5000 km'lik kanal mevcut. Belçika ve Hollanda'daki kanallar daha çok deniz seviyesinin altında, ulaşım ve sulama maksadıyla kullanılıyor.
Yalnızca Avrupa'da değil Rusya'da da suni olarak açılmış veya çevrilmiş kanallar var.
Süveyş dünyada en çok bilinen ve önem taşıyan kanallardan biri. Akdeniz ile Kızıldeniz'i birbirine bağlayan yapay bir su yolu. Tam 163 kilometre uzunluğunda. Kanal Afrika çevresinde dolaşmaya gerek kalmadan Asya ile Avrupa arasında deniz taşımacılığı yapılmasını sağlıyor.
Eski gemiciler ticarette çok uzun yol ve mesafe kat ettikleri için böyle bir kanal yapma gereksinimi ortaya çıkmış. Dünyanın en önemli kanallarından biri de Panama.
Panama kanalı sayesinde Amerika'nın doğusu ile batısı arasındaki ulaşım fazlasıyla kısaldı. Örneğin, New York'tan San Francisco'ya giden bir gemi, bu kanal açılmadan önce 22.500 km yol almak zorunda iken kanal sayesinde 9500 km yol gidiyor.
Bu kanal aynı zamanda Avrupa ve Afrika kıtaları ile Batı Amerika arasındaki ulaşımı da kısaltıyor.
KİEL KANALI Baltık Denizi'nde bulunan Kiel kanalı ulaşım açısından büyük bir önem taşıyor. Kanal, 1887-95 arasında Alman savaş gemilerine kestirme bir yol sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştı.
Ve Ege Denizi'ni Adriyatik Denizi'ne bağlayan Korint kanalı. Kanal, orta boy ve küçük gemilerin geçişine elverişli. Gemiler Korint kanalı sayesinde, 900 km'lik Mora Yarımadası'nın çevresini dolaşmaktan kurtuluyor.
Bir yandan da tıpkı Türkiye'de olduğu gibi başka ülkelerde de hayata geçirilmesi planlanan kanal projeleri bulunuyor.
Onlardan biri de Basra Körfezi ile Hazar denizini birleştirmesi planlanan 'Hazar Mega Kanalı'.
Bir başka örnek daha: Nikaragua kanalı. Orta Amerika ülkesi Nikaragua'dan geçerek Karayip denizi ile büyük Okyanus'u birbirine bağlaması planlanan su yolu.
KANAL İSTANBUL'A NEDEN İHTİYAÇ VAR? Türkiye'nin 'Kanal İstanbul' projesi ise dünyada öne çıkan sayılı kanal projesinden biri.
Peki Türkiye 'Kanal İstanbul'a neden ihtiyaç duyuyor? İşte tam da bu sebeplerle, Türkiye Kanal İstanbul projesine ihtiyaç duyuyor.
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