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Uzmanlara göre sineklerin İstanbul 'da son dönemde bu kadar hızlı çoğalmasının bir numaralı nedeni iklim krizi. Yüksek sıcaklıklar ile sık sık yaşamaya başladığımız yoğun yaz yağışlarının oluşturduğu ortam, sineklerin çoğalması için çok verimli bir zemin oluşturuyor.
Konuyla ilgili olarak İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Zooloji Ana Bilim Dalı Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Fatih Dikmen, "Sıcaklığın arttığı, arada yağmurların da yağdığı dönemlerin ardından çevremizde bolca böcek görmemiz hiç şaşırtıcı değil. Son yıllarda yazın yaşadığımız yağmurlu dönemler ve ardından gelen sıcak dönemler tam da böceklerin ve dolayısıyla sineklerin çoğalabileceği bir yaşam ortamı sunuyor" dedi.
Dikmen, "Eğer iklim değişimi yüzünden kış veya sonbahar mevsimi kaybolursa ya da ılık geçerse sinekler de kalıcı olacaktır" diye de uyardı.
YENİ BELA BALDIRSOKAN SİNEĞİ Bir süredir karasinek ve sivrisinek lerle mücadele eden İstanbul luların başının yeni belası ise 'stomoxys' yani baldırsokan sineği. Çöpten beslenen sıradan karasineklerden farklı olarak insanın derisine yapışıp kan emen bu tür, çeşitli mikropları taşıma ve bulaştırma özelliğine de sahip; dolayısıyla oldukça tehlikeli.
Üstelik doktorlar, son dönemde sinek ısırıklarının neden olduğu kaşıntı, kabarma ve yoğun kızarıklık gibi şikayetlerle sağlık kuruluşlarına başvuranların sayısında da önemli artış olduğunu belirterek dikkatli olunması yönünde uyarılarda bulunuyor.
Hürriyet'in haberine göre bu vakalarla ilgili olarak Dr. Fatih Dikmen ve İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Başhekimi ve deri ve zührevi hastalıklar uzmanı Doç. Dr. Zekai Kutlubay önemli açıklamalarda bulundu.
İSTANBUL'UN YOĞUN NÜFUSU SİNEKLERİN SAYISINI ARTIRIYOR Sinek kelimesinin doğada neredeyse 100 bin farklı türden oluşan bir canlı grubunu ifade ettiğini söyleyen Dikmen, bu türlerin arasında bostan sinekleri, sirke sinekleri, meyve sinekleri, at sinekleri, sivrisinek ve Karasinekler gibi bildik gruplar olduğunun altını çizdi.
Dikmen, "Özellikle karasinek ve sivrisinekler insanla en çok ilişki halindeki böcekler" diye de uyardı ve ekledi: "Beslenebilecek çok fazla insan olduğunda sivrisinekler ve karasinekler rahatlıkla kan emerek yaşamlarını devam ettirebilir. Bir başka deyişle, sivrisineklerin ve karasineklerin sayılarını artıran diğer bir faktör de insan faaliyeti. İstanbul'un yoğun nüfusu ne yazık ki sineklerin çoğalmalarına etki ediyor."
KARASİNEK VE SİVRİSİNEK DIŞINDA ŞİMDİ DE 'BALDIRSOKAN' ÇOĞALIYOR Dikmen, İstanbul 'un pek çok ilçesinde 'stomoxys' yani baldırsokan türünün çoğaldığını da vurguları ve bu tür ile karasinekler arasındaki farkı şu şekilde açıkladı: "Karasinekler çöpleri, atıkları tercih ederken, baldırsokanlar kan emme davranışı gösterir ve bu nedenle insanın derisine konduğunda sokma ve acıtma yapabilir. Bu da 'Karasinek ısırdı' gibi cümleler kurmamıza neden olur. Aslında o karasinekten ziyade baldırsokan sineğidir.
Bu sinekler aynı zamanda çeşitli mikropları da vücutlarında taşıyabiliyor. Karasinekler mikropları vücutlarının yüzeyinde kondukları yerlerden alıp insanın yaşam alanına taşıyor. Sivrisinekler ve baldırsokan sinekleri ise bu mikropları kan yoluyla alıyor ve aynı şekilde bulaştırıyor. Bütün bunlar nedeniyle halk sağlığı açısından riskli canlılar arasında yer alıyorlar."
BALDIRSOKAN SİNEĞİ, UYKU HASTALIĞINA NEDEN OLUYOR Dikmen, sivrisinek ile baldırsokan sineğinin insanlara bulaştırma riski olan ve çok dikkatli olmayı gerektiren hastalıkları da şöyle sıraladı: "Sivrisinekler taşıdıkları virüslerle dang humması, Zika, Batı Nil virüsü, sarı humma ve sıtma gibi çok meşhur hastalıklara neden olabiliyor. Bunun yanında lenf kanallarını tıkayarak fil hastalığına neden olan çeşitli virüsler de bulaştırabiliyorlar. Baldırsokan sinekleri de tripanozomiyazis yani uyku hastalığı olarak bilinen hastalığa neden olan tek hücreli virüsleri insana bulaştırma potansiyelini barındırıyor."
Peki tripanozomiyazis yani uyku hastalığı nedir? Bu konuda görüşlerini açıklayan Doç. Dr. Zekai Kutlubay, hastalık ve baldırsokan sineği hakkında önemli bilgiler paylaştı: "Baldırsokan sinekleri, çiftlik hayvanlarının ve bazen de insanların deri ve kanlarında yaşayan pek çok mikrop için bir taşıyıcıdır. Taşıdığı parazitlerden biri de uyku hastalığına neden olan parazittir. Bu parazit sinekler tarafından dünyanın her yerine taşınır. Uyku hastalığında sineğin ısırığı genellikle ağrılıdır ve 'şankır' adı verilen kırmızı yaralara dönüşebilir. Yüksek ateş, şiddetli baş ağrısı, asabiyet, şiddetli yorgunluk, lenf düğümlerinde şişme, ağrılı kas ve eklemler, uyku hastalığının genel belirtileri arasında yer alır. Ayrıca bazı kişilerin ciltlerinde aşırı derecede kızarıklık oluşabilir." ALERJİK HASTALIĞI OLANLAR DİKKAT! Birkaç aydır, genellikle kaşıntı, kabarma ve yoğun kızarıklık şikayetiyle hastaneye gelenlerin sayısının artığını söyleyen Doç. Dr. Zekai Kutlubay, "Bazen bu kaşıntılı kızarıklıkların üzerinde ısı artışı da görülebiliyor" dedi ve alerjik hastalığı olanları sineklere karşı dikkatli olmaları konusunda uyardı:
"Özellikle 'atopik birey' dediğimiz, astım, saman nezlesi, göz nezlesi ve alerjik egzaması bulunan kişilerde daha ciddi reaksiyonlar ortaya çıkıyor. Bu kişilerde sineklerin ısırmadıkları yerlerde bile alerjik döküntüler gelişiyor. Şiddetli kaşıntıya Bbağlı deride yaralar da oluşuyor. Ayrıca bu alerjiler sadece yetişkinleri değil çocukları da etkiliyor. Özellikle sivrisinek ile baldırsokan sineği akşam karanlığını sever, bu saatlerde dikkat etmek gerekiyor."
BELEDİYELERİN YAPTIĞI İLAÇLAMAYA SİNEKLER DİRENÇ GÖSTEREBİLİYOR Sineklerle mücadele yöntemlerinin içinde en bilinenin ilaçlama olduğunu vurgulayan Dr. Fatih Dikmen, "Bu uygulama en başta sineklerin yavrularının gelişim alanlarına yapılmalı ve bunun yanında yetişkin sinekler de şehir içinde gezen ilaçlama arabalarıyla etkisiz hale getirilmeli" dedi ve ekledi: "Burada önemli bir konu da böceklerin zaman içinde bu tarz ilaçlara direnç gösterebilme kabiliyetlerinin olması. Tıpkı bakterilerin antibiyotik direnci geliştirmeleri gibi uygun dozlarda ve uygun zamanda yapılmayan ilaçlama, böceklerin sayısını azaltmaktan çok gelecekte daha dayanıklı olarak karşımıza çıkmalarını sağlıyor. Sivrisinek ile baldırsokanlar bazı bölgelerde ilaçlara karşı direnç göstermeye başlamış durumda. Yapılması gereken, mücadele edilen türlerle ayrı ayrı, her birinin yaşam biçimine göre farklı strateji uygulayarak mücadele edilmesi ve takiplerinin yapılması." SİNEKLERİN ÇOĞALMAMASI İÇİN BİREYSEL OLARAK NELER YAPILMALI? Bu konuda yapılması gerekenleri de Dikmen altı maddede açıkladı: 1- Karasinek çoğalmasın istiyorsak evimizdeki çöpleri gelişigüzel çöp konteynırına atmamalıyız. Çöpleri mutlaka ağızları kapalı bir şekilde paketlememiz gerekiyor. 2- Çöplerin belediye ekipleri tarafından sıklıkla toplandığını denetlemeli, aksamalar olması durumunda yetkililere mutlaka bildirmeliyiz. 3- Evlerdeki pencerelere sineklik takarak sinek ya da böceklerin evin içine girmesini engellemek mümkün. 4- Bahçede ve balkonda otururken sivrisinek leri kaçıran çeşitli kokular sürülebilir. Bu kokuların marketlerde kimyasal içerikli olanları olduğu gibi kendiniz de böyle bir koku karışımı yapabilirsiniz. 5- Lavanta ve çay ağacı yağı gibi keskin kokulardan oluşan bir karışımı uygun şekilde sulandırarak bu tarz kokuları kıyafetlerinize uygulayabilir ve sineklerin yaklaşmasını önleyebilirsiniz. 6- Özellikle balkon veya cam kenarlarındaki saksılardaki fesleğen, limon otu, nane, lavanta ve biberiye gibi bitkiler de yine sineklerin evlere yaklaşmasını önlüyor.