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Prof. Dr. Nihat Hatipoğlu kaleme aldı: Bizi aldatan bizden değildir Prof. Dr. Nihat Hatipoğlu, 11 ayın sultanı Ramazan'da Takvim okuyucularıyla bir araya geliyor. Hatipoğlu, bugünkü köşesinde "Bizi aldatan bizden değildir" başlıklı yazısıyla okurlarımızı aydınlattı. İşte Prof. Dr. Nihat Hatipoğlu'nun 11 ayın sultanı Ramazan ile ilgili 19 Mart 2024 tarihli yazısı... Giriş Tarihi : 19 Mart 2024
İslam meşru yollarla elde edilen sermayeyi dokunulmaz sayar. Fakat kazanılan malın zekâtının verilmesi gerekir. Kişi satacağı malın kusurunu gizleyemez ve değerinden yüksek fiyata satamaz. İslam dini sermayeye karşı durmak yerine sermayeyi edinme yoluna bakar. Haram yolla elde edilen sermayeyi haram sayar. Rüşvet, faiz, haram kılınmış malın satışından elde edilen para, başkasının hakkını gasptan elde edilen sermaye, hileyle elde edilmiş para, hırsızlık, çapulculuk, baskı ve benzeri yollarla elde edilen sermaye haram kazanç sayılır.
Doğru ve meşru ticaretten elde edilen kazanç, saygın ve muhteremdir. Hz. Peygamber (SAV) helal kazancı överdi. Kendisi gençliğinde ticaret yaptığı gibi, ticaret yapan bir hanımla (Hz. Hatice) evlilik yaptı. Hz. Ebubekir, Hz. Osman, Hz. Abdurrahman bin Avf gibi zengin sahabenin Müslümanlara yardımını hep övmüştür. Onları zenginliklerinden ötürü kınamamıştır. Kişinin kazandığı malın zekâtını vermesi dini bir gerekliliktir. Yükümlü olunan nokta budur. Bunun dışındaki sadaka ve yardımlar ferdin vicdani yapısına bırakılmıştır. İslam "kapitalizm" ve "komünizm" gibi siyasi ve iktisadi sistemlerin tümüne uzaktır.
Haklı ve meşru yolla elde edilen sermayeyi dokunulmaz sayar ve ve bu hususla komünizmden haylice ayrışır. Sermaye edinme yolunu helal kazanç prensibine bağlayarak sermayeyi helal ve dini nizam dairesinde değerlendirip kapitalizmin yolunu kapatır. Refah seviyesini yükseltmeyi esas kabul eder. Yatırıma teşvik eder. "Kazancın çoğu ticaretten elde edilir" der. "Veren el, alan elden hayırlıdır" diyerek "bir lokma, bir hırka" felsefesini reddeder. Fakirliği teşvik etmez. Ancak imkânı olmayan fakiri dışlamaya şiddetle karşı çıkar. SERMAYE TEK ELDE TOPLANMAZ İslam sermayenin tek elde toplanmasını doğru kabul etmez. Kur'an-ı Kerim, "Ta ki servet içinizden yalnız zenginler arasında dolaşan bir devlet olmasın" (Haşr, 7) diyerek kapitalin serbest rekabetine müsaade eder ve borsa, serbest ticaret, rekabet gibi sistemlerde hareket alanını her insan için açık tutmayı esas alır. Devletten de bu yolu açık tutmasını ister. ARACILARIN ARTMASI HOŞ GÖRÜLMEZ Rekabette ve kazanç limitinde vicdanilik ve satılan malın zaruri ihtiyaç endeksine dikkat çeker. Malın piyasaya arzında aracıların çoğalmasını hoş görmez. Mesela; köylünün malını pazarda satabilmesi gibi bir ayrıntıyı dahi göz ardı etmez. Üreticinin istismarına ve aracının büyük fiyat farkı koymasına uygun bakmaz.
EŞİTLİK Mİ, ADALET Mİ? İslam servet dağılımında adaleti ön planda tutar. Bulanık, anlamsız ve pratiği olmayan eşitlik iddialarını anlamlı bulmaz. Bunu bir istismar aracı görür. Eşitlik kavramını ancak sıfat ve mahiyet itibarıyla aynı olan değerler hakkında anlamlı bulur. Aksini iddia, eşitlik sloganıyla adaletsizliğe zemin hazırlar. Liyakat, beceri, uzmanlık, kabiliyet, zekâ, kıvraklık, sistemli çalışma gibi fıtrattan gelen farklılıklar servet dağılımını etkiler.
Örneklersek, bir babadan mirası devralan birkaç kardeşin parayı aynı tarzda yönlendirmesini beklemek zordur. Bir kardeş o mirası değerlendiremezken diğeri zekâ ve becerisiyle sermayesini artırabilir. Elbette insanlar parayı sahiplenme açısından alt ve üst baremlerde piramit oluştururlar. Ama bu sınıfsız bir piramittir. Zemin ile tavan arasında geçişe hiçbir engel yoktur. Komünist doktrinin sınıf düşüncesi İslam dışı bir yapı için söz konusu olabilir. TÜKETİMDE SINIRSIZLIK YOK Kişi tüketimde başıboş değildir. İslam'da israfa kapı kapatılır. Aşırı lüks tavsiye edilmez. Paranın her aşamasında kişinin sorumlu olduğu ailesi bu paraya ortaktır- kumar gibi gayri meşru yolda tüketilmesine müsaade edilmez. Çünkü haddizatında sermaye sahibi, sermayenin tek sahibi değildir. Harama el uzatılamaz. Zenginlik düşmanlığına müsaade edilmediği gibi, fakirin horlanmasına da imkân tanınmaz. TASARRUF SERBESTTİR Kişi zekâtını verdikten ve sadakaya da önem arz ettikten sonra parasını yatırım ve üretim aracı olarak kullanabilir.
MALIN KUSURU GİZLENMEZ Hz. Peygamber (SAV) pazarda malın arzına ve tüketiciye satılmasına değinmiştir. Yağmur suyunda ıslanıp ağırlaşmış bir ürünü gösterip "Bunun su ağırlığını hesap edin" dedikten sonra şöyle buyurur: "Bizi aldatan bizden değildir." Bu da malın kusurunun gösterilmesi anlamına gelir. Kusur gizlenmez.
SATIŞTA ALT VE ÜST LİMİT Kişi malını hak ettiğinden çok daha düşük veya çok daha yüksek fiyata satarak piyasayı kilitleyemez. Ticaret erbabının tümünün durumu kontrol edilir. BİR DUA Hz. Ali'nin duası Allah'ım! Bela ve musibetlerden, düşmanların sevinmesinden, hapsedilmekten, bağlanmaktan, sopa ve kamçılarla dövülmekten sana sığınırım. Allah'ım! Benim günahlarım sana zarar vermez, senin bana merhamet eylemen de senden bir şey eksiltmez. Allah'ım! Senden bu ayda iyilik, fetih, yardım, bereket, bol rızık, aydınlık, temizlik ve hidayet dilerim. Bu ayın şerrinden, bu ayda cereyan edecek olayların şerrinden ve bu aydan sonra cereyan edecek olayların şerrinden sana sığınırım. BİR AYET "Şüphesiz göklerin ve yerin hükümranlığı yalnız Allah'ındır. O, diriltir ve öldürür. Sizin için Allah'tan başka ne bir dost, ne de bir yardımcı vardır." (Tevbe, 116) BİR HADİS "Allah'ım sen affedicisin, cömertsin, affetmeyi seversin, beni de affet." (Tirmizî, Deavât, 89) BİR SÜNNET Sofrada sol ayak kalçanın altında, sağ ayak karın bölgesine kırılmış vaziyette oturmak. BİR SEVAP "Sizden biriniz abdestli olduğu hâlde namaz kılacağı yerde beklediği müddetçe melekler kendisine dua ederler ve şöyle derler: Allah'ım onu bağışla! Allah'ım ona merhamet et." BİR ESMA El-Latif: Lütuf ve ihsan sahibi, her şeye vâkıf. SORU - CEVAP Türbe ziyaretlerinin usulü nedir? Türbe ziyareti, mezar ziyaretidir. Mezarları ziyaret sünnettir. Peygamberimiz buna teşvik etmiştir. Ancak orada mum yakmak, çaput bağlamak, etrafında tavaf etmek, ondan bir şey istemek gibi hususlar bidattir. Şirke yol açacak tavırlardır. Ancak orada durup Allah'tan tövbe ve istiğfar dilenir ve türbe sahibine de dua edilir. Doğru olanı budur. Kadınlar âdetli veya lohusa iken dua edebilir mi? Hanımlar âdet günlerinde veya nifas (lohusalık) hâllerinde iken dua edebilirler; zikir ve dua anlamı taşıyan ayet-i kerimeleri okuyabilirler. Bunun yanında, kelime-i şehadet, kelime-i tevhid, istiğfar, salavat-ı şerife getirebilirler. Aynı şekilde tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh gibi dini eserleri okuyup mütalaa edebilirler. Saç ve bıyıkları boyamak gusle engel mi? Saçları veya bıyıkları boyamak, suyun deriye ulaşmasını engellemedikçe gusül açısından sakınca oluşturmaz.