Çin ile Hindistan arasında yaşanan çatışmayla ilgili açıklamalarda bulunan Hindistan uzmanı Duygu Çağla Bayram, iki ülkenin savaşa girmesinin mümkün olmadığını düşündüğü bir gerilim yaşandığını söyledi.
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Çin ile Hindistan arasında yaşanan çatışmayla ilgili açıklamalarda bulunan Hindistan uzmanı Duygu Çağla Bayram, iki ülkenin savaşa girmesinin mümkün olmadığını düşündüğü bir gerilim yaşandığını söyledi.
Hindistan ve Çin'in 1962'de yaşadığı savaş nedeniyle yeniden bir savaşı göze alamayacağını belirten Bayram, "1962 savaşı sonrası sınır müzakereleri başladı ama bu zamana kadar aslında Çin, Hindistan'ı hep oyaladı. Çin için o dönemde Hindistan bölge için önemli bir güç değildi, sınırlarda askeri altyapısı yoktu ancak bugün var. Hindistan'ın ABD ve Batı ile ilişkilerini güçlendirmesi de Çin'in endişe duyacağı ölçüde gelişiyor." diye konuştu.
Bayram, Çin'in beklemediği ölçüde Hindistan'ın sınırdaki askeri altyapıyı güçlendirdiğini kaydederek, çatışmaların sebebi olarak Çin'in Hindistan'a gözdağı vermek istediğini ifade etti.
Çatışmaları "Çin'in gövde gösterisi." olarak nitelendiren Bayram, Hindistan'ın ise Çin'e karşı ortaklıklar geliştirdiğini dile getirerek, şu değerlendirmelerde bulundu:
"Çin, yeni tip koronavirüs (Kovid-19) salgını nedeniyle ABD tarafından sıkıştırılıyor. Hindistan'ın böyle bir dönemde Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) başkanlığını devralması beklentisi, Tayvan'ın DSÖ üyeliğini tartışması da sınırdaki güç gösterisiyle ilgili. Birkaç olayın ya da aktörün arasında yaşanan gerilim, sınırda Çin-Hindistan şahsında çatışmaya dönüşmüş gibi gözüküyor."
Bayram, Çin, Pakistan ve Hindistan arasında kurulduklarından beri yaşanan sınır anlaşmazlıklarına da işaret ederek, "Herkes, diğerinin sahip olduğu bir toprakta hak iddia ediyor. Toprak sorunu çözülmezse bu zamana kadar yapılan anlaşmalar gibi bugün yapılan anlaşma da sadece günü kurtaran, kronikleşen sorunları çözmeyen bir anlaşma olacaktır." diye konuştu.
"HİNDİSTAN'IN EKONOMİK OLARAK ÇİN'E ALTERNATİF OLMASI ÇİN'İ RAHATSIZ EDİYOR"
Güney Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi (GASAM) Uzmanı Dr. Hayati Ünlü ise Çin-Hindistan geriliminin 1990 öncesi soğuk savaşa benzer özellikler gösterdiğini belirtti.
ABD-Çin rekabetinin 2017'de Hindistan-Çin arasında yaşanan Doklam krizini tetiklediğini ifade eden Ünlü, "Doklam krizini ABD-Çin arasında yaşanan gerilimin bölgeye yansıması olarak değerlendiriyorduk ancak bugünkü gerilimi Kovid-19 sonrası yeni jeopolitik rekabetler üzerinden okumak daha mantıklı. Çin, salgının etkilediği Hint ekonomisi ve Hindistan'ın savaşa girememe ihtimalini değerlendirerek politik ve askeri çıkar elde etmek istiyor." ifadelerini kullandı.
Ünlü, sınırda elde edeceği ya da kaybedeceği tartışmalı toprakların Çin için çok önemli olmadığına da işaret ederek, "Çin için önemli olan, Hindistan'ın Çin'e ekonomik alanda alternatif olması. Salgın sürecinde 1000'in üzerinde şirket Çin'den Hindistan'a taşındı. Hindistan'ın Çin'e alternatif olması Çin'i rahatsız ediyor. Bunun yanında Hindistan, çevre konusunda baskı altında olan Çin'e karşılık yenilenebilir enerji alanında atılım içinde ve Çin bu alanda Hindistan'��n geri adım atmasını istiyor." dedi.
ABD'nin bölgede Hindistan, Japonya ve Avustralya'yla Çin'i baskı altına almak için iş birliği yürüttüğünü belirten Ünlü, Çin'in de buna karşılık Nepal ve Pakistan'la iş birliği içinde olduğunu hatırlatarak, "Nepal, Hindistan'la anlaşmazlığa sebep olan toprakları anayasasında kendi toprağı olarak gösteriyor. ABD de Çin'e karşı bir cephe oluşturuyor. İki tarafın da bölgede ittifaklar kurması soğuk savaş dönemiyle benzerlik gösteriyor." diye konuştu.
Ünlü, bugün alınan barış kararına da değinerek, "Görüşmeler devam ederken taraflar masada elini güçlendirmek için sahada çatışmaları sürdürebilir." ifadelerini kullandı.
İKİ ÜLKE DE KARAKURUM GEÇİDİ HAKİMİYETİ İSTİYOR
Merkezi Pakistan'ın başkenti İslamabad'da bulunan Hindistan Araştırmaları Merkezi araştırmacısı Muhammed Abbas da çatışmaların yaşandığı bölgenin Hindistan açısından stratejik önemine ve çatışma konusunun iç politikadaki yansımalarına değindi.
Abbas, çatışmaların yaşandığı Ladakh'ın Hindistan kontrolündeki Cammu Keşmir'e bağlıyken geçen sene buradan ayrılıp birlik toprağı ilan edildiğini hatırlatarak, "Hindistan, Cammu Keşmir çevresinde yer alan Çin kontrolündeki Aksai Chin ile Pakistan kontrolündeki Gilgit-Baltistan ve Azad Cammu ve Keşmir'i kendi toprakları, Keşmir'in parçası kabul ediyor." diye konuştu.
Ladakh'ın Aksai Chin'e komşu olduğunu söyleyen Abbas, bölgedeki Karakurum Geçidi'nin çatışmalardaki stratejik hedeflerin başında geldiğine işaret ederek, "Çin, bu geçidi ele geçirerek hem Hindistan'ı Çin'e bağlayan yolları Aksai Chin'e çıkarmak istiyor hem de stratejik öneme sahip bu yolları kendi kontrolünde tutmak istiyor." dedi.
ÇATIŞMALAR İÇ POLİTİKADA HİNT HÜKÜMETİNİN ELİNİ GÜÇLENDİRİYOR
Abbas, konunun ise Hindistan için ulusal egemenlik ve toprak bütünlüğü meselesi olduğunu ifade ederek, "Hindistan üzerinde hak talep ettiği Pakistan kontrolündeki Gilgit-Baltistan ve Azad Cammu ve Keşmir'e ulaşmak için Siachen buzulunu kontrol etmeli. Bunun da yolu Karakurum Geçidi'ne hakim olmaktan geçiyor." diye konuştu.
Çatışmaların Hint hükümetinin talep ettiği askeri harcamalarda artış isteğini de karşılamak için fırsat olduğunu söyleyen Abbas, "Hindistan şu an başta yeni tip Kovid-19 olmak üzere birçok sorunla mücadele ediyor. Tüm komşularıyla problemler yaşıyor ve ülke içinde ayrımcı politikalara karşı gösteriler düzenleniyor. Hindistan bu ortamda egemenliğinin tehdit altında olduğunu iddia ederek Çin saldırılarına karşı birleşme kartını kullanıyor." ifadelerini kullandı.
Abbas, dünyanın en kalabalık, bölgenin en büyük ekonomik gücü olan ülkenin çatışmasına da değinerek, "Çatışmaların yaşandığı bölge insanın yaşamadığı, tarımın yapılamadığı, vahşi bir bölge. Buradaki hakimiyetin ekonomik olarak hiçbir getirisi yok. Ancak iki ülke de güç gösterisinde bulunmak ve başkalarına sahip olduğu gücü göstermek istiyor. Çin, sınırlarıyla ilgili hassas olduğunu, Hindistan ise askeri kapasitesinin Çin'e karşı yeterli olduğunu göstermeye çalışıyor." dedi.
HİNDİSTAN-ÇİN GERİLİMİ
Hindistan'ın kuzeydoğusundaki Ladakh bölgesinde 15 Haziran'da 20 Hint askerinin ölümüyle sonuçlanan çatışmaya neden olan ve bölgede tansiyonu yükselten süreç, Çin askerlerinin mayıs başında üç noktadan Ladakh bölgesine girmesi, burada çadır ve askeri karakollar kurmasıyla başlamıştı.
Çin askerlerinin, "bölgeden ayrılmaları" yönünde defalarca yapılan sözlü uyarılara aldırış etmediği ifade edilmiş, iki ülke arasında bir diğer tartışma konusu Sikkim eyaletinde de Çin ve Hint askerleri arasında çatışmalar yaşanmıştı.
İki ülke askerlerinin Ladakh bölgesinin doğusunda ve Sikkim eyaletinde karşı karşıya gelmesinin ardından gözler bu bölgeye çevrilmişti.
Öte yandan haziran başında iki ülke dışişleri bakanlığı yetkililerinin sınırda artan gerilimi video konferans yoluyla görüştüğü açıklanmıştı. Hindistan, anlaşmazlığın barışçıl müzakereyle üstesinden gelinmesi konusunda Çinli yetkililerle hemfikir olunduğunu bildirmiş, Pekin yönetimi de iki ülkenin gerilimin düşmesine ilişkin konsensüse vardığını duyurmuştu.
Çin ve Hindistan arasındaki 3 bin 500 kilometrelik sınır hattının büyük bölümü, iki ülke arasında egemenlik tartışmalarına neden oluyor.
Pekin yönetimi, "Güney Tibet" olarak adlandırdığı Hindistan'ın Arunaçal Pradeş eyaletindeki 90 bin kilometrekarelik toprakta hak iddia ederken, Yeni Delhi, Aksai Chin platolarını kapsayan 38 bin kilometrekarelik alanın Çin tarafından işgal edildiğini savunuyor.
Taraflar, uzun yıllardır süregelen görüşmelere rağmen egemenlik ihtilaflarını çözemezken, iki ülke arasındaki gerilim, 2017 yılında da Çin'in bölgedeki bir sınır yolunu tartışmalı bir platoya uzatmaya çalışması üzerine artmıştı.