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Koronavirüs, salgın, kısıtlama, karantina, mutasyon ve aşı gelişmeleriyle hop oturup hop kalksak da 2020 birçok önemli gelişmeye de ev sahipliği yaptı. Hürriyet'te yer alan haber şöyle:
YILIN İSYANI
SİYAHLARIN HAYATI DEĞERLİDİR
ABD 'nin Minneapolis kentinde 25 Mayıs'ta iki polis memuru tarafından gözaltına alındıktan sonra silahsız olmasına rağmen yere yatırılarak 9 dakika boyunca boynuna basılarak öldürülen George Floyd'un ölüm görüntüleri ülkede büyük infial yarattı.
ABD Başkanı Trump'ın seçim yarışı döneminde aşırı sağcı birçok grupla ittifak kurmasının hâlihazırda liberal ve siyah haklarını savunan çevrelerde rahatsızlık yarattığı bir dönemde Floyd'un ölümü çok sayıda eyalette ve dünyanın önemli başkentlerinde büyük gösterilerin başlamasına neden oldu.
Gösterilerin bir kısmı yağma olaylarına dönüşürken, Trump'ın göstericilere yönelik kullandığı sert söylem ve Demokrat şehirlerin işgale uğradığı yorumları ülkede atmosferin iyice gerilmesine neden oldu. Floyd'un ölüm görüntüleri, ABD 'de siyahların ırkları nedeniyle uğradığı polis şiddetinin en büyük göstergesi olarak kabul edildi.
YILIN MEYDAN OKUMASI
HEDEF İRAN
İran'a karşı katı tutum sergileyen Trump yönetimi, Irak'taki ABD büyükelçiliğine yönelik tehditleri gerekçe göstererek, 3 Ocak'ta başkent Bağdat'ta İran Devrim Muhafızları 'nın dış operasyonlardan sorumlu özel Kudüs Gücü komutanı Kasım Süleymani 'yi bir SİHA saldırısı ile öldürdü.
Tahran bu suikasta 8 Ocak'ta ABD askerlerinin konuşlu olduğu Irak'taki Ayn al Asad Hava Üssü ile Erbil Uluslararası Havalimanı'na füze saldırısı ile karşılık verdi. Bu misillemede ölen, yaralanan olmadı. 27 Kasım'da ise başkent Tahran yakınlarında ülkenin en önemli nükleer bilimcisi Muhsin Fahrizade, park halindeki bir kamyonete monte edilmiş yapay zekâ ve uydu kontrollü bir makineli tüfekle öldürüldü.
YILIN ZAFERİ
44 GÜNDE DESTAN
Azerbaycan, 28 yıldır Ermenistan işgali altındaki topraklarını geri alarak büyük bir zafere imza attı. Azerbaycan ordusu, 27 Eylül'de Ermeni güçlerinin açtığı ateşe karşılık vererek kurtarma operasyonu başlattı. 44 gün süren çarpışmalarda Ermenistan, füzelerle sivil yerleşimlerini hedef aldı. 90'dan fazla sivil bu saldırılarda hayatını kaybetti.
Türkiye'nin ürettiği silahlı insansız hava araçlarının da (SİHA) önemli rol oynamasıyla Ermenistan ordusu büyük bir yenilgi aldı. Rusya'nın devreye girmesiyle birlikte Bak��, Erivan ve Moskova arasında 10 Kasım'da üçlü ateşkes anlaşması imzalandı. Dağlık Karabağ'ın dörtte biri ile işgal altındaki 7 rayon (idari birim) Azerbaycan'a yeniden katıldı. Bu savaşın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de Bayraktar TB2 modeli SİHA'ların başarısı ve Batı'da basın ile savunma çevrelerince takdir edilmesi oldu.
YILIN GÖZYAŞI
CİĞERİMİZ YANDI
Yanmaktan son anda kurtarılan Avustralya'daki koalaların görüntüsü hangimizin hafızasına kazınmadı ki. 2020'ye Avustralya'daki mega yangın larla girdik. Ülkenin Yeni Güney Galler eyaletinde Eylül 2019'da başlayan yangınlar, tam 240 gün sonra, Mart 2020'de söndürülebildi. Yangınlar nedeniyle 34 kişi doğrudan, 445 kişi de duman ve solunum sıkıntıları nedeniyle can verdi. 4 bine yakın ev kullanılmaz hâle gelirken, 6 bin bina zarar gördü. Yaklaşık 18.6 milyon hektar alan yandı. Doğanın büyük zarar gördüğü felakette, birçok türün neslinin tükenme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya olduğu belirtildi. 8 bin koala yanarak can verdi. İklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmanın bir sonucu olarak gösterilen dev yangınlar ekimde de ABD 'de ortaya çıktı. California eyaletinde, 16 bin 200 kilometre kareyi bulan rekor düzeyde alanın yandığı açıklandı.
YILIN KAHRAMANLARI
Şüphesiz koronavirüsle mücadelede sağlık çalışanlarına büyük görev düştü. PCR testi için örnek alan özel giysili sağlık görevlileri, ajansların en çok servis ettiği kareler arasında yer aldı.
YILIN ÇİFTİ
DÜNYAYA UMUT OLDULAR
Koronavirüs salgınının insanlığı çaresiz bıraktığı dönemde başlayan aşı çalışmaları dünyanın Uğur Şahin ve Özlem Türeci çiftiyle tanışmasına neden oldu. Şahin-Türeci çiftinin yönettiği Alman BioNTech şirketinin ABD 'li Pfizer ile ortaklaşa ürettiği aşı, İngiltere, ABD, Kanada ve Avrupa Birliği'nde kullanımına onay verilen ilk koronavirüs aşısı olarak tarihe geçti. Aşı, ilk kez aralık ayında İngiltere tarafından onay aldı. İngiliz Financial Times gazetesi, Türk çifti 'yılın kişisi' ödülüne layık gördü. Şahin-Türeci'nin, ölümlerin zirve yaptığı, dünya ekonomilerinin çöktüğü ve yüz milyonlarca kişinin işsiz kaldığı dönemdeki büyük başarısı, Almanya'da topluma entegre olmuş Türk göçmenlerin ülkelerine ve insanlığa eşsiz katkılarına örnek olarak gösterildi.
YILIN MÜCADELESİ
Türkiye'yi Doğu Akdeniz denkleminden çıkarma girişimleri 2020'de ağır darbe aldı. 2019'un sonunda Birleşmiş Milletler'in Libya'da tanıdığı meşru Trablus hükümeti ile deniz yetki anlaşmasına imza atan Ankara, 2020 yılında da Doğu Akdeniz'de hidrokarbon rezervleriyle ilgili faaliyetlerini hızlandırdı. Bu amaçla Oruç Reis sismik araştırma gemisi denize açılarak Navtex (denizcilere duyuru) ile duyurulan sahalarda arama çalışmaları yürüttü. Yunanistan'ın özellikle geçen yaz aylarında savaş gemileri ile Oruç Reis'i engelleme çabaları Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nin kararlı tutumu ile önlendi. Atina yönetimi, 10-11 Aralık'ta düzenlenen Avrupa Birliği Liderler Zirvesi'nde de bu konuda beklediği desteği alamamanın hayal kırıklığını yaşadı. Türkiye'nin bu mücadelesi Yunanistan'ı müzakere masasına geri dönmeye zorladı.
TRUMP DEVRİNİN SONU
2020'nin zorlu ve yoğun gündeminin en büyük kaybedeni ABD Başkanı Donald Trump oldu. Salgının dünyada en sert vurduğu ülke olan ABD'de pandemi sürecini yönetemediği yönünde ağır eleştiriler alan Trump, büyük baskıyla geçirdiği bu altı ayın üstüne, seçimlere bir ay kalmışken koronavirüse yakalandı. 3 Kasım seçimlerinden mağlubiyetle ayrılan Trump, 'Baba Bush'tan 27 yıl sonra ikinci dönemi göremeyen ilk ABD başkanı oldu. Demokrat rakibi Joe Biden, 20 Ocak'ta görevi teslim almaya hazırlanıyor.
Trump ise seçimlerin hileli olduğunda ısrarcı. 6 Ocak'ta taraftarlarını Washington'da gösteri düzenlemeye davet eden Trump, 2020'nin kaybedeni olduğunu kolay kabullenecek gibi durmuyor.
YILIN KÂBUSU
1.8 MİLYON CAN KAYBI
Yıla damgasını vuran şey, hiç kuşkusuz koronavirüsün ta kendisi oldu. Pandemi etrafında gelişen sosyal ve ekonomik olaylar, sadece bu yıla değil, gelecek on yıllara damga vuracak nitelikte. Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Vuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan COVID-19, başta pek ciddiye alınmamıştı. Şubat sonu ve özellikle de mart ayı başında İtalya'da, daha sonra da ABD 'de hızla yayılan virüs, bir anda dünyayı kasıp kavurdu. Bugün itibariyle 82 milyonu aşkın kişi virüse yakalandı. Bu kişilerden 58.4 milyonu hastalığı atlatırken, ölümler 1 milyon 800 bine dayandı. Koronavirüs birçoğumuzun yakınını aldı, götürdü. Ancak yine de 2020'yi, virüse karşı geliştirilen aşı haberleriyle umut dolu olarak kapatıyoruz.
YILIN UNUTULMAZI
KÂBE BİLE KAPANDI
Ünlü Collins Sözlüğü "milyarlarca insanı birleştiren bir deneyim" diye nitelendirdiği 'lockdown'ı yani 'karantina' ya da 'kapanma'yı yılın kelimesi seçti. Modern dünya, ulusal ölçekteki karantinaların ilkiyle bahar aylarında tanıştı. Salgının Çin'den sonraki merkez üssü olacak olan İtalya, mart ayında karantina ilan etti. Onu hızla diğer ülkeler izledi. Nisanda dünyanın yaklaşık yarısına, yani 3.9 milyar insana evde kalmaları söylenmişti. Her yıl milyonlarca Müslümanı bir araya getiren Kâbe dahi aylarca kapalı kaldı. Tek sevindiren şey ise daha önce şehirlerde görülmeyen canlı türlerinin geri dönmesi oldu.
YILIN MİNİ DEVRİMİ
UZAKTAN ÇALIŞMA, UZAKTAN EĞİTİM
Kısıtlama tedbirleri, eğitim, çalışma ve sosyal hayatta önemli değişikliklere yol açtı. Twitter, Facebook gibi teknoloji devlerinin öncülük ettiği uzaktan çalışma modeli birçok şirket tarafından benimsendi. Nisan ayında, günde 300 milyon insanı buluşturduklarını açıklayan video iletişim uygulaması 'Zoom' sürecin kazananlarından oldu. Uzaktan eğitimde süreç daha zorluydu.
Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD), salgının 188 ülkede 1.7 milyar çocuğun eğitimini aksattığını açıkladı. Sosyo-ekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı çocukların yaşadığı erişim zorluğu 2020'yi eğitim açısından sorunlu bir yıl yaptı.