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Almanya Savunma Bakanı Christine Lam brecht, Finlandiya ve İsveç'in olası NATO üyeliği konusunda Türkiye'nin endişelerinin ve argümanlarının ciddiye alınmasının önemli olduğunu söyledi.
Lambrecht, Belçika 'nın başkenti Brüksel 'de Avrupa Birliği (AB) Savunma Bakanları Toplantısı kapsamında gazetecilere yaptığı açıklamada, Finlandiya ve İsveç'in NATO'ya üye olma çabalarına sevindiğini belirterek bunun hem bu iki ülke hem de NATO için iyi olacağını ifade etti.
İki ülkenin NATO'ya zenginlik katacağını söyleyen Lambrecht, "Finlandiya ve İsveç'in NATO'ya girmesiyle ilgili tüm kararlar oy birliğiyle alınmalıdır. Bu nedenle Türkiye ile de çok yoğun bir şekilde görüşmemiz ve sunulan endişelerin veya argümanların da ciddiye alınması önemli ama sonuçta böylesine güçlü iki AB ülkesinin, Finlandiya ve İsveç'in, NATO'ya katılması NATO için bir zenginliktir. Türkiye'nin de buna ikna olacağına inanıyorum." değerlendirmesinde bulundu.
Lambrecht, Finlandiya ve İsveç'in, NATO'ya girmesiyle bu iki ülkenin güvenliğinin güçleneceğini belirterek bu argümanın, ön planda olması gerektiğini savundu.
Almanya'nın, iki ülkenin NATO'ya katılımını desteklediğini vurgulayan Lambrecht, "Bizim iyi argümanlarımız var. Bu sadece Finlandiya ve İsveç için değil, NATO'nun da yararına olacak." ifadelerini kullandı.
KUSURA BAKMASINLAR, YORULMASINLAR Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Pazartesi akşam saatlerinde yaptığı açıklamada "Kusura bakmasınlar, yorulmasınlar. Her şeyden önce Türkiye'ye yaptırım uygulayanların bu süreçte bir güvenlik örgütü olan NATO'ya girmelerine biz 'evet' demeyiz" demişti.
İSVEÇ DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANI ANN LİNDE NATO'YA ÜYELİK BAŞVURU BELGESİNİ İMZALADI İsveç Dışişleri Bakanı Ann Linde, ülkesinin NATO'ya üyelik başvuru belgesini imzaladı. Dışişleri Bakanlığında canlı yayında NATO'ya üyelik başvurusunu imzalayan Linde, İsveç için en iyisini yaptığını söyledi.
Linde, başvuru belgesinin kısa sürede Finlandiya ile birlikte NATO'ya teslim edileceğini sözlerine ekledi. İsveç Başbakanı Magdalena Andersson, dün, parlamentoda yapılan görüşmeler sonrasında İsveç hükümetinin NATO'ya başvuru yapma kararı aldığını açıklamıştı.
NATO ÜYELİĞİ ÇOK AŞAMALI UZUN BİR SÜREÇ GEREKTİRİYOR İsveç ve Finlandiya'nın katılmak istediği NATO'ya üyelik normal şartlarda uzun bir süreç gerektiriyor. Bosna Hersek, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna'nın da dahil olmak istediği NATO'nun yeni üye kabul etmesi için çeşitli şartların yerine getirilmesi, yasal süreçlerin tamamlanması isteniyor.
NATO, İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın bitmesinden sonra 1949'da 12 ülke tarafından kuruldu. Bu ülkeler ABD , İngiltere , Kanada , Fransa, İtalya, Hollanda, Norveç, Portekiz, Lüksemburg, İzlanda, Danimarka ve Belçika 'ydı. Aradan geçen 73 yılda 8 genişleme dalgasıyla üye sayısı 12'den 30'a çıktı.
Türkiye ve Yunanistan 1952'de NATO'nun yeni üyeleri oldu. 1955'te o zamanki adıyla Federal Almanya, 1982'de İspanya ittifaka katıldı.
Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan ve Polonya'nın 1999'da katılımıyla üye sayısı 19'a yükseldi. 2004'te Bulgaristan, Letonya, Litvanya, Estonya, Romanya, Slovakya ve Slovenya NATO'ya girdi.
2009'da Arnavutluk ve Hırvatistan, 2017'de Karadağ ve son olarak 2020'de Kuzey Makedonya NATO üyesi ülkeler oldu.
SON ÜYEYE YUNANİSTAN VETOSU YILLARCA SÜRDÜ Kuzey Makedonya'nın üyeliği, Yunanistan ile yıllar süren isim anlaşmazlığının çözülmesinden sonra mümkün olabildi.
Yunanistan, adının başına "Kuzey" kelimesi eklenen ülkenin eski adına karşı çıktığı için uzun yıllar bu ülkenin NATO üyeliğini engelledi.
İsim sorununun 2018'de çözülmesiyle Yunanistan vetosunu kaldırdı ve Kuzey Makedonya, NATO ile üyelik müzakerelerine başlamaya davet edildi. Kuzey Makedonya Mart 2020'de resmen üyeliğe kabul edildi.
3 ÜLKE YILLARDIR ÜYELİK İSTİYOR Bu genişleme dalgaları içinde bazı ülkeler de NATO üyesi olmak istediklerini duyurdular ancak şu ana kadar üye olamadılar. Bu ülkeler Bosna Hersek, Ukrayna ve Gürcistan.
Romanya'nın başkenti Bükreş'te 2008'de düzenlenen NATO Zirvesinde Gürcistan ve Ukrayna'nın gelecekte NATO üyeleri olacağı üzerinde uzlaşıldı. Ancak bu ülkelere tarih verilmedi. Bosna Hersek ise 2010 yılında Üyelik Eylem Planına dahil olmaya davet edildi.
FİNLANDİYA VE İSVEÇ, NATO'YA BAŞVURACAK Son olarak NATO'ya iki yeni üyenin katılması gündeme geldi. Rusya'nın Ukrayna'ya saldırmasından sonra Avrupa güvenlik mimarisindeki gelişmelerden etkilenen Finlandiya ve İsveç, uzun yıllardır benimsedikleri askeri tarafsızlığı terk ederek NATO'ya üyelik başvurusu yapmayı kararlaştırdı.
Finlandiya'nın Rusya ile 1500 kilometreye yakın sınırı bulunuyor. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda o zamanki Sovyetler Birliği ile savaşan Finlandiya, topraklarının yaklaşık yüzde 10'unu kaybetti, nüfusunun yüzde 11'ini yeni yerlere yerleştirdi ve bugünün kuruyla yaklaşık 5 milyar avro savaş tazminatı ödedi.
Bu kayıplardan sonra Finlandiya'nın Sovyetler Birliği ile imzaladığı anlaşma, ülkenin uzun yıllar askeri olarak bağlantısızlığına neden oldu. Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra AB'ye üye olan, avro para birimine geçen Finlandiya'nın NATO'ya üyeliği söz konusu olmadı.
Uzun yıllar Finlandiya halkının sadece yüzde 20 kadarı NATO üyeliğini istedi. Ancak Rusya'nın Ukrayna'ya saldırısı sonrasında NATO üyeliğini destekleyen Finlerin oranı yüzde 70'in üzerine çıktı.
İsveç ise Finlandiya'dan sonra NATO üyeliğine başvurma kararı aldı.
1809'da Rusya ile savaşan ve o savaşta elindeki Finlandiya'yı Rusya'ya kaptıran İsveç, yaklaşık 200 yıldır Rusya ile savaşmadı. İsveç, İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda ve Soğuk Savaş döneminde de tarafsız bir ülke olarak kaldı.
Ancak ABD 'li eski istihbarat çalışanı Edward Snowden'ın ifşa ettiği belgelerde, İsveç'in 1950'li yıllarda ABD ile gizli anlaşma yaptığı ortaya çıktı. Buna göre, İsveç'in Rusya'nın saldırısına uğraması halinde ABD'nin yardım edeceği iddia ediliyordu.
NATO'YA KATILIM SÜRECİ VE OY BİRLİĞİ ŞARTI NATO, "açık kapı" politikası izliyor. Bu politika, ittifakın kurucu anlaşmasının 10. maddesine dayanıyor.
Bu maddede kurucu Washington Antlaşması'na taraf olan ülkelerin Kuzey Atlantik bölgesinin güvenliğine katkı sağlamak için herhangi bir Avrupa ülkesini ittifaka katılmaya davet edebileceği belirtiliyor.
Ancak bir ülkenin NATO'ya dahil olabilmesi için oy birliği, yani mevcut 30 müttefik ülkenin hepsinin birden onay vermesi gerekiyor.
NATO üyeliği normal şartlarda uzun bir süreç gerektiriyor. Bunun için çok aşamalı bir sürecin tamamlanması isteniyor.
Buna göre, NATO müttefikleri bir başka ülkenin ittifaka katılmasını kararlaştırdıklarında NATO o ülkeye resmi davet gönderiyor. Bundan sonra 7 adımlık katılım süreci başlıyor.
Birinci adımda NATO uzmanlarıyla davet edilen ülkenin temsilcileri Brüksel 'de bir araya gelerek görüşmeler yapıyor. Bu görüşmelerde davet edilen ülkenin NATO'nun siyasi, yasal ve askeri şartlarını karşılayıp karşılamadığı, NATO üyeliğinin ekonomik, askeri, yasal, siyasi ve istihbaratla ilgili yükümlülüklerini yerine getirip getiremeyeceği müzakere ediliyor. Bu müzakerelere göre davetli ülkenin NATO şartları ve standartlarını yerine getirmek için reform yapıp yapmayacağı belirleniyor.
İkinci adımda davet edilen ülke NATO Genel Sekreteri'ne resmi niyet mektubu gönderiyor ve NATO üyeliğinin yükümlülüklerini ve üzerine düşen taahhütleri kabul ettiğini bildiriyor. Reform yapılacaksa bu mektupta reformların takvimi de belirtiliyor.
Üçüncü adımda NATO, Washington Antlaşması'na ilave katılım protokollerini hazırlıyor. Böylece ittifakın kurucu anlaşması bir anlamda güncellenmiş oluyor. Bu protokoller, NATO ülkeleri tarafından imzalanıyor.
Dördüncü aşamada protokollerin NATO üyesi ülkeler tarafından kendi ulusal yasaları ve prosedürleri uyarınca onaylanması gerekiyor. Onay süreci ülkeden ülkeye değişiklik gösteriyor. Örneğin onay için ABD 'de Senato'nun üçte ikisinin oyu gerekirken, İngiltere 'de parlamentoda resmi bir oylama gerekmiyor.
Beşinci adımda ise tüm üye ülkeler, kendi onay süreçlerini tamamladıktan sonra Washington Anlaşması'nı saklayan ABD'ye yeni üyenin katılımını öngören protokolleri kabul ettiklerine dair bildirim yapıyor.
Altıncı adımda bütün bu aşamalar tamamlanınca NATO Genel Sekreteri, yeni üyeyi ittifaka katılmaya davet ediyor.
Yedinci ve son olarak yeni üye de kendi ulusal yasal sürecini tamamlayarak katılım belgesini Washington Antlaşması'nı saklayan ABD'ye teslim ediyor ve NATO üyesi oluyor.