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Rus devlet medyasının sunduğu alternatif gerçekliğin, Salı günü saat 17:00'de gösterilenden daha iyi bir örneği olamazdı. BBC World TV , bültenini başkent Kiev 'deki bir TV kulesine Rus saldırısının haberleriyle açarken, Rus televizyonu Ukrayna 'nın kendi şehirlerine saldırı gerçekleştirdiğini duyuruyordu.
Salı günü, normal çalışma düzeni Moskova saatiyle 05:30'da kesintiye uğradı. Sunucular, yayın akışının 'bilinen olaylar nedeniyle' değiştirildiğini ve daha fazla haber ve güncel olay olacağını duyurdu. Haber bülteni, Ukrayna kuvvetlerinin Rus askeri donanımını yok ettiğine dair haberlerin yanlış olduğunu ve 'deneyimsiz izleyicileri yanıltmak' için tasarlandığını öne sürdü.
Peki Rus TV izleyicileri savaşla ilgili ne görüyor? Aşağıdaki karede, 1 Mart Salı günü, Kremlin ve onun kurumsal müttefikleri tarafından kontrol edilen ülkenin önemli TV kanallarında dolaşan Rus vatandaşlara ne izletildiğine dair bir anlık görüntü yer alıyor.
Sabahın ilerleyen saatlerinde, Moskova saatiyle 08:00'de, Kremlin 'in kontrolündeki Gazprom 'un bir yan kuruluşu olan NTV televizyon kanalından sabah bültenini izliyoruz. Haber neredeyse tamamen Ukrayna 'nın doğusundaki Donbas bölgesinde, 24 Şubat'ta Rus ya'nın Ukrayna'yı Nazilerden arındırmak içinbaşlattığı "özel askeri operasyonuna" odaklanıyor.
Kuzeyde Belarus 'tan, Ukrayna'nın başkenti Kiev 'e doğru sinsice ilerleyen kilometrelerce uzunluktaki askeri konvoydan ise kesinlikle söz edilmiyor.
Rusya'nın her ikisi de devlet kontrolündeki en popüler iki kanalı olan Rossiya 1 ve Kanal 1 'de, Ukrayna kuvvetleri Donbas bölgesinde savaş suçları işlemekle suçlanıyor. Rossiya 1 sunucusu, Ukrayna'daki sivillere yönelik tehdidin Rus güçlerinden değil, "Ukrayna milliyetçilerinden" kaynaklandığını söylüyor ve şöyle devam ediyor: "Sivilleri canlı kalkan olarak kullanıyorlar, kasıtlı olarak yerleşim bölgelerine saldırı sistemleri yerleştiriyorlar ve Donbas'taki şehirlerin bombalanmasını hızlandırıyorlar."
Channel One 'ın sunucusu, Ukrayna birliklerinin "sivillere ve Rus kuvvetlerine karşı provokasyon eylemleri" kapsamında 'konutları ve depoları bombalamaya hazırlandığını' duyurdu.
Ukrayna 'daki olaylar savaş olarak adlandırılmıyor. Bunun yerine saldırı, askeri altyapıyı hedef alan bir askerden arındırma operasyonu veya "halk cumhuriyetlerini savunmak için özel bir [askeri] operasyon" olarak tanımlanıyor.
"İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI" ÖRNEĞİ Devlet kontrolündeki TV'de sunucular ve muhabirler, Rus ya'nın Ukrayna'daki "özel askeri operasyonu" ile Sovyetler Birliği'nin Nazi Almanyası'na karşı savaşı arasında "tarihi paralellikler" çizmek için duygusal bir dil ve görüntüler kullanıyor.
Rossiya 1 'in kardeş kanalı Rossiya 24'te yayınlanan bir sabah programının sunucusu, "Kendilerini korumak için çocukları kullanan milliyetçilerin taktikleri, İkinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana değişmedi" diyor.
Batı medyası Putin'in saldırısının hızlı bir ilerleme sağlayıp sağlamadığını sorarken, Rus televizyonu Rus operasyonlarını çok başarılı olarak gösteriyor. Düzenli güncellemeler, imha edilen Ukrayna donanımı ve silahlarının sayısını veriyor. Sabah haberleri, 1100'den fazla Ukrayna askeri altyapı tesisinin devre dışı bırakıldığını ve yüzlerce donanımın imha edildiğini söylüyor. Herhangi bir Rus zayiatından ise söz edilmiyor.
Rus sabah haber bültenleri, ordusunun Ukrayna 'nın diğer bölgelerindeki saldırıları zar zor kabul ediyor. Devlet televizyonu muhabirleri, insanların evlerinin bombalandığı iki büyük şehir olan Kiev ve Harkiv gibi yerlerden haber geçmiyor.
Artan sayıda genç Rus, haberlerini bağımsız web sitelerinden veya sosyal medyadan alma eğiliminde. Savaş uzadıkça, ölü askerlerin ve savaş esirlerinin daha fazla görüntü ve videosu ortaya çıkıyor. Ancak yetkililer buna, bağımsız medyaya baskıyı artırarak yanıt veriyor.
RUSYA-UKRAYNA PROPAGANDA SAVAŞINA ÖRNEKLER
Harkiv'deki patlamalar nedeniyle şehrin birçok bölgesinden dumanlar yükseliyor. Rusya sabah saatlerinde Harkiv'deki polis merkezi binasını vurduğunu iddia etti. Bu açıklamadan kısa süre sonra ise Ukrayna tarafı vurulan binanın üniversite olduğu iddiası geldi. Peki Harkiv'deki vurulan bina ne? İşte detaylar
Dün sabah saatlerinde Ukrayna 'nın Harkiv kentinde bulunan Valilik binasının füzeyle vurulması olayıyla ilgili Rus cephesinden flaş bir açıklama geldi. Rus kaynaklar Harkiv'in vurulmasını Ukrayna ordusunun kasıtlı bir provokasyonu olarak değerlendirdi.
Ukrayna İstihbarat Servisi, Ukrayna ordusu tarafından esir alınan ve sorguya çekilen Rus askerinin görüntülerini yayınladı. Annesi ile telefonda görüşmesine izin verilen esir Rus askeri, Rus ordusu komutanları hakkında "Komutanlarımız yaralı askerleri kendileri öldürüyor" iddiasında bulundu.
Rus ya ile Ukrayna arasında başlayan ve altıncı günü geride kalan savaş kitleleri de adeta ortadan ikiye bölmüş durumda. Özellikle Twitter'ın başını çektiği Facebook, Instagram ve TikTok gibi sosyal medya araçlarında da ayrı bir bilgi savaşı yaşanıyor.
TWITTER YENİDEN YALANIN MERKEZİ OLDU Kriz anlarında insanların birbirlerini bilgi bombardımanına tuttuğu Twitter yeniden bilgi kirliliğinde lider konuma gelmiş durumda. Çeşitli fotoğraf ve videoların paylaşıldığı Twitter'da herhangi bir doğrulama sisteminin olmaması nedeniyle bir taraf kendisini mağdur olarak yansıtabilirken diğer taraf da bir anda kötü olarak gösterilebiliyor.
VİDEO OYUN GÖRÜNTÜLERİ GERÇEK DİYE PAYLAŞILIYOR Çeşitli savaş oyunlarından kaydedilen görüntülerin gerçek diye paylaşılması insanların kafasını karıştırıyor. Geçtiğimiz günlerde Twitter'da 'Rus lar Ukrayna 'ya uçaksavar füzeler atıyor' şeklinde paylaşılan bir görüntünün 'War Thunder' isimli bir video oyunundan sahne olduğu anlaşıldı.
Video oyun görüntüleri ile beraber eski olayların da paylaşılması ve bölgeden anlık olarak adlandırılması dezenformasyona yol açıyor. Ukrayna lı yetkililer yaptıkları bir açıklama ile Rus uçağı düşürdüklerini duyurmuşlardı. Ardından sosyal medyada dolaşıma giren düşmüş bir uçağa ait görüntülerin 2017 yılında paylaşıldığı ortaya çıktı.
Ayrıca vide paylaşım sitesi olan Youtube'da da çokça tıklanan 'Rus hava saldırısı sırasında oluşan yangınların Ukrayna 'nın Luhansk şehrindeki elektrik santralinde zincirleme reaksiyona neden oldu' ismiyle paylaşılan videonun 2015 yılında ve Çin'de gerçekleştiği belli oldu.
ANLIK OLARAK PAYLAŞILAN TATBİKAT GÖRÜNTÜLERİ Rus askeri güçleri tarafından 2018 yılında yapılan Vostok-2018 tatbikat görüntüleri çeşitli kullanıcılar tarafından Ukrayna 'da sıcak olarak yaşanan olaylar olarak dolaşıma sokuldu.
Çin merkezli TikTok'ta da paylaşılan ve 5 milyondan fazla izlenen videoda iki Rus askerinin Ukrayna 'ya paraşütle indiği ifadelerine yer verilmiş fakat görüntülerin 2015 yılında paraşüt eğitmeni tarafından çekildiği ortaya çıktı.
RUSYA CEPHESİ PAYLAŞILAN İÇERİKLERİ YALANLADI Rus ya cephesinden de sosyal medyadaki dezenformasyona yönelik çeşitli yalanlamalar geldi.
Rus tankının sivil bir aracı ezdiği yönünde paylaşılan ve çok fazla konuşulan videoya ilişkin 25 Şubat'ta Rus ordusunun orada olmadığı bilgisi verildi.
Ukrayna kanadı geçtiğimiz gün Twitter'dan Yılan Adası'nın Rus ya tarafından ele geçirildiği ve sınır muhafızlarının tamamının öldürüldüğünü yazmıştı. Bu iddiaya ilişkin de Rusya Büyükelçiliği, Yılan Adası'ndaki Ukraynalı sınır muhafızlarının gönüllü olarak silah bıraktığını duyurdu.
Olayın ardından Ukrayna Silahlı Kuvvetler Donanması geri adım atarak, adadaki Ukrayna askerlerinin hayatta olduğunu ama esir düştüklerini iddia etti.
SOSYAL MEDYADAKİ TEK TARAFLI SANSÜR YANGINI KÖRÜKLÜYOR Sosyal medya araçlarında kriz anlarında yaşanan tek taraflı sansür de bilgi kirliliğinin yayılmasının önünü açarken doğru haber akışının da önünü kesiyor. Özgürlükten dem vuran şirketlerin Rus ya - Ukrayna savaşında Rusya merkezli haber sitelerine ve hesaplarına 'Rusya devletine bağlı medya' şeklinde etiket vurarak açıkca sansür uyguluyor. Twitter bu kapsamda Sputnik ve RT'ye bu şekilde bir etiket vurularak sansür uyguladı.
Youtube da Rus sia Today ve Sputnik'in Avrupa'da yayın yapan YouTube kanallarını bloke etme kararı alarak sansürü tek taraflı olarak hayata geçirdi.
Ek olarak Twitter, Youtube, Google, Facebook ve Instagram Rus devlet medyasına ait birçok hesabın reklam yayımlaması ve para kazanmasına engel getirdi.
BATI MEDYASI DA YALANA SOYUNDU İngiltere merkezli BBC geçtiğimiz günlerde büyük bir skandala imza attı. Rus Dışişleri'nin sözlerine göre BBC'nin paylaştığı haberde Ukrayna ordusunun Donetsk'te vurduğu evi, 'Rus ordusunun Harkov'da vurduğu ev' olarak gösterdiği söylendi.
Bild gazetesinin yayınladığı habere göre, Rus hava saldırısından kaynaklandığı iddia edilen bir yangın gösterildi. Sonradan videonun 2015 yılında Çin'in Tianjin kentinde tehlikeli maddelerin bulunduğu bir depoda meydana gelen patlama sırasında çekildiği anlaşıldı.
KİEV'İN HAYALETİ GERÇEK Mİ? Eski Ukrayna Cumhurbaşkanı Petro Poroşenko ve batı medyasının paylaşımlarında, 'Kiev 'in Hayaleti' adlı Ukraynalı savaş uçağı pilotunun, 6 Rus uçağını düşürdüğü iddia edilmiş ve Kiev'in Hayaleti'nin kim olduğu çokca araştırılmıştı.
Fakat Kiev 'in Hayaleti olduğu iddia edilen görüntülerin savaş simülatör oyunlarından biri olan 'Digital Combat Simulator'den alıntı olduğu ortaya çıktı.