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1960'lı yıllarda darbe fırtınasının estiği Afrika kıtası 2020'den bu yana yeniden darbelerin merkezi hâline geldi. Son 60 yılda yapılan darbeleri birbirinden ayıran en önemli özellik ise Fransa karşıtlığı. 1960'lı yılların aksine son 3 yıldır iktidara gelen askerî cuntalar Fransa'yı resmen kıtadan kovuyor. Özellikle Mali ve Fransa'da darbeyle gelen yönetimler Fransa'ya karşı ciddi bir mücadele verirken geçtiğimiz hafta Gabon 'da yapılan darbe ile ilgili ise soru işaretleri oluştu. Başkan Erdoğan'ın ise bugün Soçi dönüşü uçakta gazetecilere Afrika ile ilgili yaptığı açıklama dikkat çekti. Peki, Türkiye'de yaşayan Afrikalılar son dört yılda dünyanın gündemine oturan darbelerle ilgili ne düşünüyor? 12 yıldır Türkiye'de yaşayan Malili İdris Sissoko, Afrika'daki darbeleri Takvim.com.tr için anlattı.
İdris Sissoko
BAŞKAN ERDOĞAN İNGİLİZLERİ İŞARET ETTİ
Soçi'de Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin ile görüşen Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan, dönüş uçağında gazetecilerin sorularını cevapladı. Başkan Erdoğan Afrika 'daki darbelerin sömürgeciliğe karşı bir uyanış mı yoksa demokrasinin sekteye uğratılması olarak mı yorumlanması gerektiğine ilişkin şöyle konuştu:
Afrika ülkelerinin takındığı bir tavır var. Diğer taraftan diriliş halinde olan ülkeleri, direnen ülkeleri susturmak, durdurmak için adım atan ülkeler var. Mesela İngilizlerin tavrı… İngilizlerin Rusya ile münasebetlerinin nasıl olduğunu biliyoruz, tamamen ters.
"O DARBELERİN ARKASINDAN FRANSA ÇIKTI"
Geçmişte Fransa müstemlekesi olan Afrika ülkelerinde 2020'den bu yana peş peşe yapılan askerî darbeleri tetikleyen süreç hakkında konuşan Mali li İdris Sissoko, Afrika ülkelerinin darbelerle dolu geçmişini şöyle anlattı:
Eski Fransa müstemlekesi (kolonisi) olan Afrika ülkeleri 1960'tan bu yana hep darbelerle dolu bir dönem geçirmiştir. Darbelerin arkasında hep Fransa çıktı, darbeler hep Fransa'nın lehine yapılmıştır. Ancak 2020'den bu yana Afrika'da yaşanan askerî darbeler akıllara acaba "Afrika baharı mı başlıyor?" sorusunu getirmiştir. Nitekim bu darbelerden çoğu Fransa'nın aleyhine yapılmıştır.
"FRANSA KOVULDU SÖMÜRGECİLİK ZİNCİRİ KIRILDI"
İdris Sissoko, Mali ile başlayan Fransız karşıtı darbenin ardından Gine , Burkina Faso ve Nijer 'de de aynı durumun yaşandığını söyledi ve "Halkın da desteğini kazanan bu darbeler âdeta Fransa'nın Afrika'daki kolonyalizm zincirini kırmıştır. Bu ülkeler Fransa ile birlikte yıllardır terörle mücadele etmiş ancak çözüm bulamamıştı. Yapılan askerî darbeler ve Fransa'nın bu ülkelerden kovulması ile birlikte terör sorunu ciddi derecede azaldı." dedi.
"AFRİKA HALKI DOSTA DOST DÜŞMANA DÜŞMAN DİYECEK BİR LİDER ARIYORDU"
Afrika ülkelerinde yapılan askerî darbeler halk tarafından büyük bir sevinçle karşılanıyor. İdris Sissoko askerî cuntaya halk tarafından verilen desteğin "Afrika halkı uyanıyor" bakış açısıyla yorumlanamayacağını söyleyen İdris Sissoko, halkın darbecilere karşı desteğini şöyle izah etti:
Bu sevinç gösterileri birçok kişi tarafından 'Artık Afrika halkı uyandı, uyanıyor.' şeklinde yorumlanıyor. Hayır, aslında Afrika halkı kim düşman kim dost olduğu çok iyi biliyordu ancak dosta dost, düşmana düşman diyecek bir lider arıyordu.
"AFRİKA'NIN ERDOĞANI ASSİMİ GOİTA"
Bu yüzden "Afrika'nın Erdoğan'ı" olarak nitelenen Assimi Goita, yaptığı darbenin ardından Fransa'ya ve Batıya karşı yaptığı direnişi sebebiyle bütün Afrika halkı tarafından en sevilen liderler konumuna geldi ve diğer ülkeler için referans olarak gösterilir oldu. Ardından Gine, Burkina Faso ve Nijer tek tek darbe yaparak Fransa'yı kovdu.
"SÖMÜRGE İZLERİ SİLİNİYOR"
Afrika kıtasında son dört yıldır yapılan darbeler genellikle İslam ülkelerinde yoğunlaşıyor. Bu darbelerin müstemleke karşıtlığı (antikolonyalizm) olarak görülüp görülemeyeceğine yönelik tartışmalar da devam ediyor. Halkın da büyük desteğini kazanan bu darbeler genellikle müstemleke karşıtlığı olarak yorumlanırken darbelerin ABD veya Rusya gibi güçler tarafından organize edildiğine, aslında Afrika'da ABD-Fransa veya Rusya-Fransa mücadelesi olduğuna yönelik sesler de çıkıyor. İdris Sissoko ise Afrika'da halkın desteği ile birlikte sömürge izlerinin yavaş yavaş silindiğine dikkat çekti ve darbelerin anlamını şöyle anlattı:
Afrika ve Afrika halkı saygı içerisinde ve kazan kazan ilkesiyle her ülke ile çalışmaya açıktır. Yüzyıllardır Batı'nın, özellikle Fransa'nın Afrika'ya dayattığı sömürü politikasına karşı her zaman baş kaldıran liderler olmuştur. Ancak darbe ile suikast ile bir şekilde bastırılmıştır. Fakat son zamanlarda Batı Afrika'da yoğunlaşan Fransız karşıtı darbeler ve halkın da desteğiyle birlikte bölgedeki sömürge izleri yavaş yavaş silinmeye başladı.
Tabii bunu yaparken başka güçlerden destek almaları kaçınılmaz. Bu ülkelerden biri de Rusya, Çin ve Türkiye'dir. Belki bu Rusya ile Fransa mücadelesi olarak değerlendirilebilir ancak gerçek şu ki artık Afrika halkı Batı politikasını istemiyor ve gerek ekonomik gerekse teknolojik olarak ülkelerini geliştirmek için yeni müttefikler istiyorlar.
GUARDIAN TÜRKİYE'Yİ HEDEF GÖSTERDİ
İngiliz gazetesi the Guardian, Nijer 'deki darbenin ardından Rusya, Çin ve Türkiye'nin Afrika 'daki darbeleri istismar etme tehdidinde bulunduğunu söylüyor yani Türkiye'yi açıkça tehdit olarak gösteriyor. Erdoğan'ın da 2013'te Gabon 'da yaptığı kolonyalizm karşıtı konuşma ise darbe ile birlikte yeniden gündem oldu. Öte yandan Mali 'nin askerî darbe ile iktidara gelen lideri Assimi Goita, Mali'de "Afrika'nın Erdoğan'ı" olarak görülüyor. İdris Sissoko, the Guardian'ın iddiasının gerçek dışı olduğunu söyledi ve Türkiye ile ilgili şöyle konuştu:
Rusya, Çin veya Türkiye'nin eski kolonisi bir Afrika ülkesi gösterebilir misiniz? Yok. Ki olsaydı Erdoğan, 2013'te Gabon'daki kolonyalizm karşıtı konuşmasını yapmış olmazdı veya Fransa'nın Cezayir ve Ruanda da yaptığı katliamdan bahsedemezdi. Türkiye'nin Afrika'yı sömürmek için gitmediğinin, kardeş olarak kazan-kazan politikaları için uğraştığının herkes farkında. Rusya ve Çin'in de Afrika'ya yaklaşım tarzları bu şekildedir. İşte bu yüzden birçok Afrika devleti Batı'dan yüz çevirerek bu devletlerle çalışmayı tercih ediyor.
BU SORU BATILI GAZETECİLERE!
İdris Sissoko, Türkiye'yi hedef gösteren Batılı gazetecilerden neden Afrika ülkelerinde resmî dilin İngilizce veya Fransızca olduğunu açıklamalarını istedi. "Özellikle son zamanlarda Afrika'da yoğunlaşan Batı ve özellikle Fransız karşıtı darbe ve eylemlerin ardından Macron da Batılı devletler de bunun Rusya, Çin ve Türkiye'nin oyunu olduğunu düşünüyor. Batılı gazeteciler kedilerine şunu sormalı: Afrika'da Türkçe, Rusça veya Çince yok, aksine birçok ülkenin resmî dili ya İngilizcedir veya Fransızcadır, medya organları onların elinde ama buna rağmen neden Afrikalılar Batı'dan yüz çevirip Rusya, Çin ve Türkiye gibi ülkelerle çalışmayı tercih eder?" diye soran Sissoko, "İşte her ülke kendisinin Afrika politikasına baksın." dedi.
AFRİKA BAHARI MI YAKLAŞAN BİR FELAKET Mİ?
Arap Baharı ilk başta büyük umutların doğmasına sebep olmuştu fakat bu olaylar kısa bir zamanda Arap ülkelerinin felaketine yol açtı. İdris Sissoko, Afrika ülkelerinde de heyecan ve sevinçle başlayan bu sürecin nereye varabileceği, Afrika için de benzer bir felaketin yaklaşıp yaklaşmadığı konusunda şöyle konuştu:
Birlik güçtür, Araplar birleşmemek üzere anlaştılar, ayrılığa düştüler ve Arap baharı Arap felaketine neden oldu. Afrika'ya gelince şu an darbe yaşanan ülkelerde görünen birlik ve beraberliği devem ederse Arap ülkelerinin başına gelen felaket gelmez. Nitekim Fransa ve diğer Batı Afrika ülkelerinin Nijer'e saldırma eğilimlerine karşı Mali, Burkina Faso ve Gine'nin gösterdiği birlik ve beraberlik devam ettiği sürece kimse onlara saldırmaya cesaret edemez ve bu şekilde beklenen Afrika baharı gelir.
"ECOWAS FRANSA'NIN KUKLASIDIR"
Batı Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Topluluğu (ECOWAS) darbeler karşısında açık bir tutum izledi ve açıkça darbelere karşı Fransa 'ya destek verdi. İdris Sissoko, ECOWAS'ın tutumu hakkında şöyle konuştu:
Batılı devletlerin Afrika'yı nasıl sömürdüğü sorusunu açıklayan en bariz örneğidir ECOWAS. Yani Batılılar bir Afrika ülkesini her zaman başka bir Afrika ülkesini kullanarak işgal etmiştir. ECOWAS tabiri caizse Fransız kuklasıdır, Fransa'dan emir alır. Bir darbe Fransa'nın lehine ise sessiz kalır, yok eğer Fransa'nın aleyhine ise hemen kınar ve yaptırımlar uygular.
GABON'UN CUNTACI GENERALİNDEN FRANSA'YA ORTAKLIK MESAJI
Gabon 'da darbeci General Oligui'nin Fransız büyükelçi ile yaptığı görüşmede "Gabon'un Fransa ile ortaklığını sürdürme arzusunu vurguladığı ve görevden alınan cumhurbaşkanının yavaş yavaş sırtını Fransa'ya döndüğünü" belirttiği ortaya çıktı. Bu durum ise Mali ve Burkina Faso gibi ülkelerin aksine Gabon'daki darbenin arkasında Fransa'nın olduğunu düşündürüyor.
FRANSA GABON'DAKİ DARBEYİ GÖRMEZDEN GELİYOR
İdris Sissoko da Fransa 'nın Gabon darbesine sessiz kaldığına dikkat çekti ve sözlerini "Fransa Mali'deki darbeyi kınarken Çad'daki darbeye sessiz kalıyor çünkü kendi lehinedir, Nijer'deki darbeyi kınarken hatta Nijer'deki yeni darbecilere saldırmak için CEDEAO topluluğunu aktif ederken Gabon'daki darbeyi görmezden geliyor çünkü onun lehine yapılmış bir darbedir." şeklinde sonlandırdı.