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Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Genel Kurulu, Filistin 'in BM üyeliğinin BM Güvenlik Konseyi'nde (BMGK ) tekrar görüşülmesi ve gözlemci statüsünde olan Filistin'e bazı ilave haklar tanınmasını talep eden karar tasarısını kabul etti.
Oylama, BM Genel Kurulu 'nda düzenlenen acil oturumda yapıldı. Türkiye'nin yanı sıra 80'e yakın ülkenin ortak sunucusu olduğu karar tasarısı, 193 üyeli BM Genel Kurulu'nda 143 "evet" oyuyla kabul edildi.
Tasarı 25 "çekimser" oy aldı. Aralarında ABD, Arjantin, Papua Yeni Gine, Çekya ve Macaristan'ın bulunduğu 9 ülke "hayır" oyu kullandı.
"ÜYELİK KRİTERLERİNİ YERİNE GETİRİYOR" Kararda, "Filistin'in BM Şartı'nın 4. maddesi uyarınca BM'ye üyelik kriterlerini yerine getirdiği ve bu nedenle BM'ye üye olarak kabul edilmesi" gerektiğine dikkati çekildi.
ABD'ye atıf yapılarak 18 Nisan'da tek bir üyenin Filistin'in BM'ye tam üyeliğini veto etmesine tepki gösterilen kararda, 12 Konsey üyesinin desteğinin altı çizildi.
BMGK 'ye bu çerçevede "olumlu" şekilde tekrar konuyu ele alması tavsiyesinde bulunularak, BM üyesi ülkelerin çoğunluğunun Filistin 'in üyeliğine destek verdiği vurgulandı.
"İSTİSNA VE EMSAL TEŞKİL ETMEYECEK" Filistin'in Genel Kurul oturumlarına, BM organları tarafından düzenlenen toplantılara ve BM konferanslarına katılımını sağlayacak şekilde bazı düzenlemelerin kabul edilmesi talep edilen kararda, bunun "istisnai olmak kaydıyla ve emsal teşkil etmeyecek şekilde" yapılması istendi.
Ekonomik ve Sosyal Konseye, Filistin "Konseyin üyesi olmadan" söz konusu düzenlemeleri uygulaması çağrısı yapılan kararda, bunun diğer BM organları, özel ajansları ve BM sistemindeki kuruluşlar için de geçerli olması talep edildi.
Kararda Filistin halkının kendi kaderini tayin etme ve devlet kurma hakkı bulunduğuna atıf yapılarak, BM Genel Sekreteri'ne kararın uygulanması için gerekli adımları atması çağrısı yer aldı.
Uluslararası toplumun gecikmeden 1967'de başlayan İsrail işgalini sonlandırmaya ilişkin çabalarını artırması çağrısı yapılan kararda, barışçıl ve kalıcı çözüm için uluslararası hukuk ve ilgili BM kararlarının uygulanması gerektiği belirtildi.
"BM GENEL KURUL OYLAMALARINA KATILAMAZ"
Karar ekinde Filistin için talep edilen düzenlemelerin bazıları şu şekilde sıralandı:
"Alfabetik sıraya göre üye ülkeler arasında oturma hakkı, Filistin ve Orta Doğu konuları dışında düzenlenen oturumlarda konuşmacı olma hakkı, grup adına açıklama yapma hakkı, teklif ve değişiklik sunma hakkı, teklifleri oylamaya açma hakkı, BM Genel Kurulunun komitelerine Filistin heyetinden üyelerin seçilmesi hakkı, BM konferansları ve uluslararası toplantılara etkin katılma hakkı."
Karar ekinde "Filistin devleti, gözlemci üye olarak Genel Kurul oylamalarına katılamaz ve BM organlarına aday gösteremez." ifadesi yer aldı.
TAM ÜYELİK ANLAMINA GELMİYOR
Söz konusu karar Filistin'e tam BM üyeliği hakkı tanımamakla beraber çok sayıda BM üyesinin desteğini göstermesi açısından önem taşıyor.
"Filistin devleti, gözlemci üye olarak Genel Kurul oylamalarına katılamaz ve BM organlarına kendi ülkesinden aday gösteremez." ifadesinin, kararın Filistin'e tam üyelik verilmediğini göstermek için koyulduğu düşünülüyor.
Aynı zamanda kararın, "istisnai ve emsal" teşkil etmediğinin vurgulanmasının da daha fazla destek toplamak için karara eklendiği ifade ediliyor.
DIŞİŞLERİ'NDEN FİLİSTİN'İN BM'YE ÜYELİĞİ İLE İLGİLİ AÇIKLAMA Dışişleri Bakanlığı'ndan yapılan açıklamada "BM Genel Kurulu'nun, Filistin'in BM çalışmalarına daha geniş haklar ve ayrıcalıklarla katılımına olanak sağlayacak kararını memnuniyetle karşılıyoruz" denildi.
Açıklamada şu ifadelere yer verildi:
"BM Genel Kurulu'nun, Filistin'in BM çalışmalarına daha geniş haklar ve ayrıcalıklarla katılımına olanak sağlayacak kararını memnuniyetle karşılıyoruz. Bu karar, uluslararası toplumun ezici çoğunluğunun, Filistin halkının kendi devletine sahip olma hakkına ve iki devletli çözüme verdiği güçlü desteği bir kere daha ortaya koymuştur. Bu vesileyle, tüm uluslararası toplumu İsrail'in Gazze'de uyguladığı vahşeti durdurmak için somut adımlar atmaya ve Filistin Devleti'ni tanımaya çağırıyoruz."
CUMHURBAŞKANI YARDIMCISI YILMAZ'DAN, BM GENEL KURULU'NUN FİLİSTİN KARARINA İLİŞKİN AÇIKLAMA
Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı Cevdet Yılmaz, Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu'nda, Filistin 'e BM üyeliği ve ilave haklar talep edilen karar tasarısının kabulüne ilişkin, sosyal medya hesabından yaptığı açıklamada bugün BM Genel Kurulu 'nda, Filistin'in BM üyeliğinin BMGK 'de tekrar görüşülmesi ve gözlemci statüsünde olan Filistin'e bazı ilave haklar tanınmasına ilişkin karar tasarısının kabul edilmesini oldukça anlamlı bir destek mesajı olarak gördüklerini vurguladı.
"Ülkemizin yanı sıra 80'e yakın ülkenin ortak sunucusu olduğu karar tasarısının, 193 üyeli BM Genel Kurulu'nda 143 'evet' oyu ile kabul edilmesini, İsrail'in 7 Ekim'den bu yana Filistin topraklarında işlediği suçlara karşı büyük bir tepki olarak nitelendiriyor, uluslararası toplumun büyük bir çoğunluğunun Filistin halkının özgürlüğünden yana olmasını memnuniyetle karşılıyoruz.
Ülkemiz her zaman olduğu gibi Sayın Cumhurbaşkanımız Recep Tayyip Erdoğan liderliğinde Filistin davasının ve Filistinli kardeşlerimizin yanında olmaya devam edecektir. Kalıcı barış için tek çözümün, başkenti Kudüs olan yaşanabilir, bağımsız ve egemen bir Filistin devletinin kabul edilmesi olduğunu tekrar ederek, tüm ülkeleri Filistin Devleti'ni tanımaya çağırıyoruz. Türkiye olarak tarihte olduğu gibi bugün de adil barışın yanında ve mazlumların sesi olmaya devam edeceğiz.''
BM GENEL KURULU'NDA 10 MAYIS'TA OYLANAN KARAR TASARISI BM'deki İİT Grubu, Bağlantısızlar Hareketi (NAM) Grubu ve Arap Ligi Grubu'nun Dönem Başkanları'nın imzasıyla BM Genel Kurul Başkanı, BM Genel Sekreteri ve BM Güvenlik Konseyi Başkanı'na 2 Nisan 2024 tarihinde iletilen mektuplarla, 11 Kasım 2023'te Riyad'da düzenlenen İİT-AL Olağanüstü Zirvesi ile 19-24 Ocak 2024'te Kampala'da tertiplenen Bağlantısızlar Hareketi (NAM) Zirvesi sonuç bildirgelerine atıfla, İİT, NAM ve AL Gruplarının Filistin 'in BM'ye tam üyeliğini destekledikleri, bu çerçevede 2011 yılında başlatılan sürecin ilerletilmesinin istendiği kaydedilmiştir. Filistin'in BM'ye tam üyeliğinin Güvenlik Konseyi tarafından Genel Kurul'a tavsiye edilmesine dair karar tasarısı 18 Nisan'da Konsey'de oylanarak daimi üye ABD tarafından veto edilmiştir.
Bunun üzerine, Filistin , konuyu bir karar tasarısıyla BM Genel Kurulu 'nun 10. Acil Özel Oturumu'na taşımıştır. Ülkemizin de eş-sunucu olduğu sözkonusu karar tasarısında, Filistin'in BM üyeliği için gerekli niteliklere tamamen sahip bulunduğu ve BM üyeliğine kabul edilmesi gerektiği ifade edilmekte, BM Güvenlik Konseyi'ne konuyu yeniden değerlendirme tavsiyesinde bulunulmakta, ayrıca, Filistin'in BM Genel Kurulu'nun çalışmalarına ve diğer BM organlarının himayesinde düzenlenen uluslararası konferanslara katılım ve katkı sunma imkanlarını genişleten, istisnai ve örnek teşkil etmeyeceği ifade edilen, modaliteler kabul edilmektedir.
FİLİSTİN'İN ÜYELİK BAŞVURUSU Filistin, 2011'de de BM'ye tam üyelik başvurusu yapmış ancak BMGK 'de gereken desteği alamamıştı. Filistin 2012 yılında BM'de "daimi gözlemci statüsü" almıştı.
Filistin'in BM Daimi Temsilcisi Riyad Mansur, 2 Nisan'da yaptığı açıklamada, BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres'e mektup göndererek üyelik başvurularının yeniden ele alınması talebinde bulunmuştu. Guterres de 3 Nisan'da BMGK'ye mektup yazarak Filistin'in talebinin gündeme alınması çağrısı yapmıştı.
BMGK ise 8 Nisan'da Filistin'in talebini Yeni Üyelerin Kabulü Komitesi'ne iletmişti. BMGK'ye üyelikle ilgili dönüş yapması gereken Komite, iki toplantının ardından mutabakata varamadığını duyurmuştu.
Bunun ardından Cezayir, 18 Nisan'da Filistin'in üyeliği için BMGK'ye karar tasarısı sunmuştu. Karar tasarısı, ABD tarafından veto edilmişti.
ABD TASARIYA KARŞI ABD'nin BM delegasyonu tarafından bu hafta başında yapılan açıklamada, "Filistin halkının devlet olmasına giden yolun doğrudan müzakerelerden geçtiği ABD'nin görüşü olmaya devam ediyor." denilmişti.
ABD, Filistin lilerin tam üye olarak katılmasının ardından 2011 yılında BM'nin Kültür Eğitim ve Bilim Örgütü UNESCO'ya sağladığı mali yardımı kesmişti.
TASARI NE ANLAMA GELİYOR? A Haber canlı yayınına katılan A Haber Dış Haberler Şefi Muammer Serhen, "Bu karar tasarısında Filistin'in BM'de gözlemci olan statüsüne bazı ilave haklar tanınması kararlaştırıldı. Bu talep edilen haklar, daha önce BMGK'da reddedilen tasarıya bazı haklar tanındı. Bundan sonra süreç nasıl işleyecek? Tekrar BMGK'ya gönderilecek tasarı. 15 daimi üyenin tekrar onayına sunulacak. ABD'de biliyorsunuz daimi üye. ABD'nin nasıl bir tutum sergileyeceği büyük merak konusu" dedi.
SÜREÇ NASIL İŞLEYECEK? Uluslararası İlişkiler Uzmanı Prof. Dr. İrfan Kaya Ülger ise, "Bir ara aşama olarak bunu görmek lazım. Tasarı BMGK'daki 15 daimi üyenin önüne gidecek. Orada 9 üyenin evet demesi yetiyor. ABD ve İngiltere'nin veto etme tehlikesi var. Ama bu kez olacak galiba çünkü dünyada Filistin davasına bir sempati var" dedi.