ABD'li Pfizer ile birlikte geliştirdiği yeni tip corona virüs aşısıyla tüm dünyanın başarısına hayran kaldığı Türk bilim insanları Uğur Şahin ve Özlem Türeci'nin kurucusu olduğu biyoteknoloji şirketi bir başarıya daha imza attı.
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ABD'li Pfizer ile birlikte geliştirdiği yeni tip corona virüs aşısıyla tüm dünyanın başarısına hayran kaldığı Türk bilim insanları Uğur Şahin ve Özlem Türeci'nin kurucusu olduğu biyoteknoloji şirketi bir başarıya daha imza attı.
Haberci RNA (mRNA) teknolojisiyle tedavi çalışmalar yapan şirketin deneysel multiple skleroz (MS) aşısı farelerde olumlu sonuç verdi.
BAĞIŞIKLIK SSTEMİ SİNİR HÜCRELERİNİ KORUYAN YAPIYA SALDIRIYOR
Otoimmün hastalıklar adı altında sınıflandırılan MS (Multiple Skleroz) beyinde ve omurilikte, mesajları taşıyan sinir telleri etrafındaki koruyucu kılıfın (miyelin kılıfı) olağan çalışmaması durumunda meydana geliyor. Merkezi sinir sistemi ile organların bilgi iletişimini sağlayan omuriliğin miyelin tabakası üzerindeki fiziksel tahribatın bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkıyor.
BioNTech'in deneysel enflamatuar olmayan aşısının ise miyelin tabakasına karşı görülen anormal bağışıklık tepkilerini azaltmak için tasarlandı.
Science dergisinde yayımlanan "Deneysel otoimmün ensefalomiyelit tedavisi için enflamatuar olmayan bir mRNA aşısı" adlı çalışmada, BioNTech'teki araştırmacılar, Almanya'daki Johannes Gutenberg Üniversitesi Mainz Araştırma Enstitüsü'ndeki meslektaşları ile birlikte, deneysel otoimmün ensefalomiyelit (EAE) modeline dayalı MS'in çeşitli fare modellerinde mRNA aşısının etkilerini test ettiler.
MS HASTALIĞINI FARELERDE ÖNLEDİ
Değerlendirilen tüm fare modellerinden elde edilen sonuçlar, aşının MS hastalığının gelişimini önlediğini veya hastalığı erken aşamada durduğunu ortaya koydu. Ayrıca hayvanların motor sinirlerinin işlevini geri kazandığını gösterdi. NTV'de yer alan haberede göre, bununla birilikte, tedavi edilen farelerin beyin ve omuriliğinde önemli ölçüde az sayıda proinflamatuar bağışıklık hücresi ve daha az miyelin hasarı görüldü.
Diğer taraftan, bilim insanları, tedavi edilen farelerin genel bir bağışıklık bastırma belirtisi göstermediğini belitti. Bu durum ise MS hastaları için mevcut bağışıklık bastırıcı tedavilerle ilişkili olumsuzlukların üstesinden gelebileceğine dair büyük bir umut yarattı.
SADECE ZARARLI HÜCRELERİ HEDEFLİYOR, GENEL BAĞIŞIKLIK BOZULMUYOR
MS, bağışıklık sisteminin sinir liflerini örten yağlı koruyucu kılıf olan miyeline saldırması durumunda ortaya çıkıyor. Bu nedenle, MS ve diğer otoimmün hastalıklar için tedavi geliştirmedeki ana amaç, tüm bağışıklığı baskılamadan miyeline saldıran hücreleri spesifik olarak etkisiz hale getirilmesi amaçlanıyor. Ancak, MS hastalığına karşı geliştirilen mevcut tedaviler, miyeline saldıran bağışıklık hücrelerinin yanı sıra, vücudu yabancı mikrorganizmalara karşı koruyan tüm bağışıklık sistemini etkisiz hale getiriyor. Bu durum ise MS hastalarının bağışıklık tepkilerini bozuyor.
Bilim insanları, geliştirilen deneysel aşıyla, bağışıklık sistemi düzenleyen T hücrelerinin (Treg'ler) yeniden eğitilerek sadece miyeline saldıran hücrelere odaklandığı ve bağışıklık sisteminini yapısının bozulmadığı belirtti. Geleneksel aşılardan iki yönüye farklı olan BioNtech aşısı, bir kişinin bağışıklık sistemini belirli mikropları veya molekülleri tanıması, ezberlemesi ve kolayca savaşması için uyarmak yerine, belirli bir moleküle karşı bağışıklık toleransını teşvik ediyor. Bunu protein parçacıkları yerine hücrelere haberci RNA (mRNA) protein üretimi için bir şablon görevi gören DNA'dan üretilen ara molekülleri ileterek gerçekleştiriyor.
BioNTech tarafından yapılan açıklamada, "treg"lerin bağışıklık hücrelerinin "karmaşık bir hastalık ortamında iltihaplı dokudaki diğer moleküllere karşı aktivitesini bloke edebileceğini gösteriyor" denildi.
DİĞER OTOİMMÜN HASTALIKLAR İÇİN UMUT
Öte yandan, BioNTech, çeşitli kanser türleri ve Covid-19 enfeksiyonu için aday tedaviler geliştirmek için mRNA teknolojisini kapsamlı bir şekilde kullandı Ancak bu aşı, otoimmün hastalıkların tedavisi için bu tür teknolojinin ilk uygulaması olarak tarihe geçti.
Bununla birlikte, BioNTech tarafından geliştirilen MS aşısı, mRNA teknolojisinin diğer otoimmün hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılabileceğini gösteriyor. Otoimmün hastalıklar, insanın kendi bağışıklık sisteminin, ozulup kendi dokularını düşman görüp saldırmasıyla meydana geliyor. Lupus, iltihaplı romatizma, haşimato, behçet hastalığı, çölyak en çok bilinen otoimmün hastalıklar arasında yer alıyor.