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Ukrayna güçlerinin, 6 Ağustos Salı günü Sumi bölgesinden sınırı geçerek federal bölge olan Kursk bölgesine girmesine Rus ordusu hazırlıksız yakalandı.
Saldırı, Rus savunmasının zayıf olduğu bir anda gerçekleşti. Moskova güçlerinin doğu Ukrayna'da aylardır sürdürdüğü kademeli ilerlemenin ardından bu saldırı, Kremlin'i ve Rus ordusunu şaşırttı.
Ukrayna ordusu, Kursk bölgesinde Rus ordusuna ait konvoya düzenlediği saldırıda onlarca Rus askerini etkisiz hale getirdi. Ukrayna ordusu, ayrıca çok sayıda askeri aracı da imha etti. Çevredekileri tarafından kaydedilen görüntülerde, askeri kamyonların içerisinde onlarca Rus askerin cansız bedeni olduğu görüldü.
Ukraynalı askerler 12 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde Rusya sınırına yakın Sumy bölgesinde öğle yemeği yiyor.
GÖRÜNTÜLERİ İLK KEZ PAYLAŞTILAR Ukrayna Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, operasyona ilişkin ilk kez görüntü paylaştı.
Görüntülerde, Rus hedeflerinin füzelerle imha edilmesi ve Ukrayna ordusunun tanklarla saldırıya geçmesi yer alıyor.
Ukrayna'nın Rusya'nın batı Kursk bölgesine yönelik saldırısının ardından b��lgede bulunan bir bina.
BATI İLE BİRLİKTE PLANLANDI Rus "İzvestiya" gazetesine röportaj veren Rusya Devlet Başkanı Yardımcısı Nikolay Patruşev, Ukrayna ordusunun Kursk bölgesine başlattığı saldırıyla ilgili açıklamalarda bulundu. Batı'nın Ukrayna'ya destek sağladığını, silah ve askeri eğitmen gönderdiğini hatırlatan Patruşev, "Kursk bölgesindeki operasyon da NATO ve Batı istihbaratının katılımıyla planlandı." diye konuştu. ABD'nin Kursk ile ilgili açıklamalarını değerlendiren Patruşev, "ABD yönetiminin, Kiev'in Kursk'ta işlediği suçlara karışmadığı yönündeki açıklamaları gerçekleri yansıtmıyor. ABD her zaman bir şey söyler ve başka bir şey yapar. Amerikalıların desteği olmasaydı Kiev, Rus toprağına girme riskini almazdı." değerlendirmesini yaptı. Patruşev, "ABD'nin Ukrayna'yı askeri projeye dönüştürdüğünü" söyleyerek "Ukrayna halkı, Amerikan çıkarları uğruna acı çekiyor." ifadesini kullandı.
Ukraynalı bir asker, 12 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde Rusya sınırına yakın Sumy bölgesinde Sovyet yapımı bir T-72 tankından mermi boşaltıyor
HİTLER VE NAPOLYON DENEMİŞTİ Ukrayna'nın bu hamlesi ile Rusya toprakları 2. Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana ilk defa düşman bir ordunun saldırısına uğradı. Daha önce Hitler yönetimindeki Nazi Almanya'sı 2. Dünya Savaşı sırasında 22 Haziran 1941 tarihinde Barbarossa Operasyonu'nu başlatmış ve Sovyetler Birliği topraklarına taarruza geçmişti. Fransız Napolyon Bonapart da ünlü Avrupa seferinin sonucu olarak Rusya'yı işgal etmeyi denemişti.
Kursk saldırısı, Moskova'nın Şubat 2022'de Ukrayna işgalini başlatmasından bu yana Kiev'in gerçekleştirdiği en derin sınır ötesi ilerleme.
Diğer yandan Haziran 2023'te Wagner paralı askerlerinin ayaklanmasından bu yana Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin için en büyük meydan okuma.
Ukryana'nın Kursk saldırısı 2023 ve 2024 başlarında gerçekleştirilen çok sayıdaki saldırıda olduğu gibi, öncelikle Ukrayna yanlısı Rus uyruklu küçük birlikler ve diğer çeşitli yabancı oluşumlar tarafından yönetilmiyor.
Son bilgilere göre, Kursk taarruzlarına birkaç yeni Ukrayna tugayı daha dahil edildi ve zırhlı birlikler cephe hatlarına yakın bir yerde görülmeye başlandı.
Rusya sınırına yakın Sumy bölgesinde 12 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde çekilen bu fotoğrafta tank mermileri görülüyor.
Moskova'nın açıklamasında Ukrayna güçlerinin ordunun 22. Mekanize Tugayı'na bağlı olduğu iddia edildi.
Yani saldırıyı yapanlar gönüllüler değil, Ukrayna Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin deneyimli ve tecrübeli askerleri ve Bahmut bölgesi de dahil olmak üzere en ağır çatışmalarda deneyim kazanmış kişiler.
Üstelik Rusya, Ukrayna'nın tank ve zırhlı araçlarla desteklenmiş bine yakın askerinin saldırının başlamasıyla birlikte Kursk bölgesine girdiğini bildirdi.
Rusya, yedek birliklerin konuşlandırılmasına ve tahliye emirlerine rağmen Ukrayna'nın ilerleyişinin hızını yavaşlatmayı başaramadı. Ukrayna, Kiev'in en büyük sınır ötesi saldırısını gerçekleştirmesiyle birlikte yaklaşık bin kilometrekarelik Rus toprağının kontrolünü ele geçirdi.
Kursk Bölgesi'nde esir alınan Ukrayna asker
KURSK NEDEN ÖNEMLİ? Ukrayna'nın sürpriz saldırısının çeşitli siyasi veya askeri nedenleri ve etkileri olduğu açık.
Ukrayna mümkün olduğunca çok Rus toprağını ele geçirerek Moskova üzerinde baskı kurmak istiyor.
Bu, Rusya ile olası barış görüşmelerinde Ukrayna'nın elini güçlendirecektir. Rusya tarafından işgal edilen Ukrayna toprakları, Ukrayna tarafından işgal edilen Rus topraklarıyla takas edilebilir. Askeri bir strateji olarak, Rus topraklarında ilerleme Ukrayna'nın tartışmalı bölgelerindeki nüfus için bir tampon bölge de oluşturabilir. Buna ek olarak ilerleme, Rus ordusunu zayıflatmayı amaçlıyor.
Saldırının yoğunlaştığı Suca ekseni, ana tren hatlarından biri olan Lgov-Belgorod demir yolu üzerinde yer alıyor ve bu hat, Harkiv'deki Rus Görev Grubu'nun ana lojistik deposu olan Belgorod'a gidiyor. Ayrıca saldırı, Rusya'yı zor durumdaki sınır bölgesine daha fazla asker konuşlandırmaya zorlayabilir ve böylece Ukrayna'daki ana cephe hattı boyunca Rus ordusunu zayıflatabilir.
BLÖF MÜ GERÇEK Mİ? Tüm bu cephe taktikleri yanında Ukrayna genel askeri şartları da lehine çevirme arayışında. Örneğin Ukrayna, Rus topraklarında varlık göstererek Putin'in Rus kırmızı çizgileri hakkındaki konuşmalarının ve sık sık nükleer tırmanış tehditlerinin Batı'yı korkutmak için tasarlanmış bir blöf olduğunu ortaya çıkarmak istiyor. Diğer yandan bu operasyon, Rusya'ya ve özellikle de Batı'ya Ukrayna'nın sonunun gelmediğini göstermek için de önemli bir hareket.
Kiev, Batı'dan gelecek silah sevkiyatının artırılmasıyla savaşı hala kazanabileceğini göstermek istiyor. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Almanya ve diğer Batılı ortaklar Ukrayna'nın silahlarını doğrudan Rusya topraklarına saldırmak için kullanmasını uzun süredir yasaklamıştı. Ukrayna birlikleri ilk kez mayıs ayında, Rusya'nın Harkiv'e yönelik yeni saldırısının ardından bu hususta izin aldı ancak bu yetki kendi bölgeleriyle sınırlı kaldı. Washington tarafından tedarik edilen ATACMS gibi uzun menzilli balistik füzeler hala sadece işgal altındaki Ukrayna toprakları için ateşlenebiliyor.
Kursk Bölgesi'nde esir alınan bir Ukrayna asker.
SEÇİM ÖNCESİ BÜYÜK MESAJ Ukrayna Devlet Başkanı Volodimir Zelenskiy, yaptığı açıklamada Ukrayna'nın "Rus ordusunun Sumi kentine saldırı düzenlediği bölgeleri" hedef aldığını söyleyerek operasyonun tamamen Ukrayna için bir güvenlik meselesi olduğunu belirtti. Mesaj, silahlarının operasyonda kullanılması konusunda tereddütleri olan Batılı müttefikleri yatıştırmak için tasarlanmış gibi görünüyor. ABD'li bazı siyasiler bu durumu olumlu karşılarken İngiltere ve İtalya gibi devletlerde olumsuz tavır devam ediyor.
Ukrayna'da ve Batı'daki gözlemciler arasında sosyal medyada tartışılan konu, ne büyüklükte bir toprağın alınacağı veya hedeflenen kara sahasının uzaklığı meselesi değil; operasyonun askeri amaçlarla mı yoksa olumlu bir algıya duyulan umutsuz ihtiyaçtan mı kaynaklandığı. Bu saldırıyla, uzun süredir savaşan ve en son 2023 yazındaki karşı saldırıdan olumlu ilerleme sağlayamayan Ukrayna ordusuna bir başarı hikayesi ile motivasyon sağlandı. Aynı zamanda Kiev, müttefiklerine Ukrayna ordusunun savaşta inisiyatifi ele geçirebileceği yönünde güçlü bir mesaj gönderdi. Bu mesaj özellikle ABD başkanlık seçimleri öncesinde büyük önem taşıyor.
RUSYA NE YAPIYOR? Moskova da Kursk'ta ve komşu Belgorod ve Bryansk bölgesinde "terörle mücadele operasyonu" nu ilan etti.
Operasyonun 2000'lerin başında Çeçenistan'daki savaşla aynı adı taşıması, ordunun yanı sıra Rusya Federal Güvenlik Servisleri (FSB) ve Rosgvardia ulusal muhafızlarının da harekata dahil olmasına olanak tanıyor. Ayrıca yerel yönetimlere de insan ve araç hareketlerini kısıtlama, telefon dinlemelerine izin verme ve geçici tahliyeler uygulama yetkisi verildi.
Saldırı Kremlin'e de bir darbe indirdi; ülkeyi korumadaki başarısızlığı gözler önüne serdi ve Putin'in Rusya'nın düşmanlarından büyük ölçüde zarar görmediği yönündeki söylemini yerle bir etti. Seçkin özel kuvvetler birimleri ve deneyimli Wagner paralı askerleri de dahil olmak üzere Rus takviye birlikleri Kursk bölgesine gelmeye başladı ancak şu ana kadar Ukrayna birliklerini Suca ve diğer bölgelerden çıkarmayı başaramadılar. Ukrayna, yüzlerce Rus savaş esiri aldığını ve çok az direnişle bazı bölgelere girdiğini iddia ediyor.
HANGİ SİLAHLAR KULLANIYOR? Rusya topraklarındaki çatışma, Ukrayna'nın NATO üyeleri tarafından sağlanan silahları kullanıp kullanmadığı sorusunu da yeniden alevlendirdi. Ukrayna'nın sınırda hangi silahları kullandığı net olmasa da Rus medyası Amerikan "Bradley" ve Alman "Marder" tipi zırhlı piyade araçlarının orada olduğunu bildirdi. Ayrıca Polonya'nın tedarik ettiği PT-91 Twardy tanklarını, 9K33M2 Osa füze sistemlerini ve Rosomak zırhlı araçlarını da Ukrayna kuvvetlerinin bu saldırıda kullandığı iddia ediliyor.