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İŞKUR 2019 ev kadını devletten iş desteği faizsiz kredi alma başvuru şartları nedir? KOSGEB hibe başvurusu nasıl yapılır? Kadınların işgücüne katılımını yükseltmeyi hedefleyen hükümet, 12 milyon ev hanımına 15 bin TL faizsiz krediden evde üretim teşvikine kadar birçok destek sağlıyor. Hükümet, kadınların işgücü piyasasında daha fazla yer alması, işgücüne katılım oranının yüzde 34'ten 41'e çıkarılması için kapsamlı bir destek paketi hazırladı. 12 milyona yakın ev hanımına sosyal güvence ve iş imkânı yaratmak için Sosyal Yardımlaşma Vakfı aracılığıyla 15 bin lira faizsiz krediden evde üretimin mikro krediyle teşvik edilmesine kadar birçok başlıkta destek sağlanıyor. Kadınların iş hayatına kazandırılması amacıyla destek paketindeki hibe, faizsiz kredi ve düşük faizli kredi imkânları şöyle:
İLK YILI GERİ ÖDEMESİZ
Sosyal Yardımlaşma Vakfı ev hanımlarına iki yılı geri ödemesiz 15 bin liralık faiz kredi desteği veriyor. İki yılı geri ödemesiz, sonraki 6 yıl içinde faizsiz geri ödeme şeklindeki bu krediyle kadınlar kendi işini kurabiliyor. Kadın Girişimciler Derneği, kadınların aktif iş hayatında yer alması için eğitim ve finansal kaynak sunuyor. Gerek kamu banka ları gerekse özel bankalar kadın girişimcileri desteklemek amacıyla düşük faizli krediler veriyor.
KOSGEB'DEN DE DESTEK
KOSGEB Kadın Girişimci Desteği kapsamında işyeri açacaklara 50 bin liraya kadar hibe, 300 bin liraya kadarki yatırımlarda düşük faizli kredi veriliyor. Girişimcilik belgesi alanlara araç-gereç, makine gibi ihtiyaçlar için sıfır faizle 100 bin liraya kadar kredi desteği sağlanıyor. Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınmayı Destekleme Kurumu aracılığıyla da tarımla uğraşan kadınlara yüzde 70 hibe desteği veriliyor.
31 ilde açılan 201 Aile Destek Merkezi de kadınların psikososyal, mesleki ve kişisel yönden gelişimine destek sağlıyor. Beceri kurslarına katılan kadınlar mesleki eğitimin ardından ilgili kurumların verdiği hibe ve kredilerle kendi işyerlerini açıyor. Kursta eğitim gören kadınlara İŞKUR tarafından günlük para veriliyor
EVDE ÜRETİME TEŞVİK
Türkiye İsrafı Önleme Vakfı çatısı altında gerçekleştirilen eğitimlerin ardından mikro kredi ile evde üretim destekleniyor. Türkiye Grameen Mikrofinans Programı kapsamında faizsiz geri ödemek koşuluyla ev kadınlarına 5 bin liraya kadar kredi veriliyor. Kadın Emeğini Değerlendirme Vakfı aracılığıyla girişimci kadınlara kredi kullandırılıyor.
İŞ'TE ANNE PROJESİ
İŞ'TE Anne Projesi kapsamındaki kurs ve programlara katılan 0-15 yaş arası çocuğa sahip annelere günlük 80 lira ödeme yapılıyor. Eğitim süresince katılımcıların iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı ile genel sağlık sigortası primleri yine İŞKUR tarafından karşılanarak sağlık hizmetlerinden de faydalanmaları sağlanıyor.
GENÇLERE TEŞVİK
Genç girişimcilerin, faaliyete başladıkları takvim yılından itibaren 3 vergilendirme döneminde, elde ettikleri kazançların yıllık 75 bin liralık kısmı gelir vergisinden istisna tutuluyor. Genç girişimcilere, sigorta prim teşviği de veriliyor. Bu kapsamda, ilk defa sigortalı sayılan gerçek kişilerin primleri, tescil tarihinden itibaren 1 yıl süreyle prime esas kazanç alt sınırı üzerinden Hazine tarafından karşılanıyor. Bu yıl sağlanan destek ayda 882,65 lirayı ve toplamda yıllık olarak 10 bin 591 lira 80 kuruşu buluyor. Bu teşvikten yararlanılması için mükellefiyet başlangıç tarihi itibarıyla 18 yaşından büyük ve 29 yaşından küçük olunması, kendi işinde bilfiil çalışılması gerekiyor. Vergi dairesinden 'Genç Girişimcilere Kazanç İstisnası Belgesi' almak gerekiyor.
SİSTEM NASIL İŞLİYOR?
Hibe ve kredi desteği almak için KOSGEB 'e kaydolan, kursa giden ve daha sonra girişimcilik sertifikası alan gençler, iş fikirlerini hayata geçirmek için proje ve iş planı hazırlıyor. İş fikri kabul edilene hibe ve kredi olmak üzere, toplamda 150 bin TL'lik destek sağlanıyor. Devlet desteğiyle de olsa iş kurmak ve devam ettirmek ciddi ve maliyetli bir iştir. Bu nedenle devlet, özellikle iş hayatına yeni atılan 18-30 yaş grubundaki gençlere daha fazla destek sağlıyor.
PÜF NOKTASI NEDİR?
Hibeden yararlanmak için kurs veya sertifika sahibi olmak yetmiyor. İşin zor ve kabul gören aşaması, sektör ve proje seçimi aşamaları oluşturuyor. Proje hazırlarken ilk etapta, 'Ne üreteceğim' sorusuna cevap verebiliyorsanız, hibe alabilme olasılığınız o kadar yükseliyor. Çünkü, üretim projelerine daha sıklıkla hibe ve destek veriliyor. Ayrıca uzmanlar, sektörel araştırmanın detaylı yapılması gerektiğini ve sektör uzmanlarıyla görüş alışverişinde bulunulması gerektiğini belirtiyor. Bu sebeple üretimcisi azalan alanlara yönelmekte yarar görülüyor
EN ÇOK BAŞVURU BU ALANLARDA
Ülke genelinde hemen hemen her sektörden başvuru yapılıyor. Son zamanlarda kasap, terzi, reklamcılık, mobilya imalatı, pastacılık, börekçi, tuhafiye ve kuaförlük gibi alanlarda faaliyet gösterenler başvuru yapıyor. Bu sektörlerin yanı sıra, yüksek teknolojik ürünlerin imalatı konusunda da destekler veriliyor.
ÖRNEK HESAPLAMA
Her ikisi de 2019 yılında 100 bin TL kazanç sağlayacak iki işletme olsun. Teşvikten yararlanamayan (genç işletmeci olmayan ya da şirket olan) 26 bin 650 TL Gelir Vergisi ödeyecekken, teşvikten ve destekten faydalanan genç girişimci, 4 bin 350 TL vergi ödeyecek. Dolayısıyla teşvikin ve desteğin sağlayacağı vergi avantajı da en az hibe ve kredi kadar önem arz ediyor. Hal böyle olunca genç girişimci 22 bin 300 TL vergi avantajından yararlanıyor.
6 AY PRİM DESTEĞİ DE VAR!
Projesi kabul edilip, hibe ve kredi desteğiyle işyerini açan gençlere yeni desteklerin kapısını da aralıyor. Bunlardan biri de istihdam teşviki. Bir ila 3 çalışanı olan imalat işyerlerinin mevcut çalışan sayılarına ek olarak ilave istihdam ettikleri 18-25 yaş grubundaki gençlerin ücret ve sosyal güvenlik primleri ve vergileri bir ay işveren, bir ay devlet tarafından ödeniyor. Böylece küçük işyerleri yeni aldıkları elemana yıl boyunca sadece 6 ay maaş ödemiş olacak. Diğer taraftan 18-25 yaş arası genç, kadın ve engelliye teşvikten 18 ay yararlanabilme olanağı da sağlandı. Bu teşvikler ve destekler 31 Aralık 2020 tarihine kadar sürecek. Ayrıca, asgari ücrete verilen 100 TL'lik Hazine yardımı 2019 yılında da sürüyor.
TEŞVİKLER VE DESTEKLER HANGİ SEKTÖRLERİ KAPSIYOR?
Gıda ürünlerinin imalatı İçeceklerin imalatı Giyim eşyalarının imalatı Kağıt ve kağıt ürünlerinin imalatı Kimyasalların ve kimyasal ürünlerin imalatı Ana metal sanayii Bilgisayar, elektronik ve optik ürünlerin imalatı Makine ve ekipmanların kurulumu ve onarımı Suyun toplanması, arıtılması ve dağıtılması Bina inşaatı Özel inşaat faaliyetleri Toptan ve perakende ticaret Konaklama Bilgisayar programlama, danışmanlık ve ilgili faaliyetler Bilimsel araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetleri Seyahat acentesi, tur operatörü ve diğer rezervasyon hizmetleriyle ilgili faaliyetler Büro yönetimi, büro desteği ve iş destek faaliyetleri.
BAŞVURU ŞARTLARI NELERDİR?
- İşe başlamanın kanuni süreçte bildirilmiş olması - Kendi işinde bilfiil çalışılması veya işin kendisi tarafından idare edilmesi - Tüm ortakların işe başlama tarihi itibarıyla uygun şartları (29 yaşını doldurmamış olma şartı da dahil) taşıması - İşletmenin üçüncü dereceye kadar akrabadan devralınmamış olması - Mevcut bir işletmeye veya mesleki faaliyete sonradan ortak olunmaması.
KOBİ NEDİR?
Yeni yönetmelikle KOBİ , "250 kişiden az yıllık çalışan istihdam eden ve yıllık net satış hasılatı ya da mali bilançosu 125 milyon lirayı aşmayan ve yönetmelikte mikro işletme, küçük işletme ve orta büyüklükteki işletme olarak sınıflandırılan ekonomik birimler." olarak tanımlandı.
Yönetmelikteki değişiklikle KOBİ'ler şu şekilde sınıflandırıldı:
"- Mikro işletme: 10 kişiden az yıllık çalışan istihdam eden ve yıllık net satış hasılatı veya mali bilançosundan herhangi biri 3 milyon lirayı aşmayan işletmeler. - Küçük işletme: 50 kişiden az yıllık çalışan istihdam eden ve yıllık net satış hasılatı veya mali bilançosundan herhangi biri 25 milyon lirayı aşmayan işletmeler. - Orta büyüklükteki işletme: 250 kişiden az yıllık çalışan istihdam eden ve yıllık net satış hasılatı veya mali bilançosundan herhangi biri 125 milyon lirayı aşmayan işletmeler."
KOSGEB NEDİR?
Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli Sanayiyi Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığı olan ama halk arasında kısaltması ile yani KOSGEB olarak bilinen kurumdur. Eski ismiyle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı'na yeni ismiyle Bilim, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı'na bağlı olarak görevini yerine getirmektedir. 1990 yılında kuruluşu tamamlanmıştır.
Ülkemizde sosyal ihtiyaçların ve ekonominin karşılanabilmesi adına orta ve küçük ölçekli işletmelerin etkisi ve sanayideki payını artırmak amacıyla kurulmuştur. KOSGEB ayrıca bu işletmelerin rekabet güçlerini ve seviyelerini artırma amacına da hizmet etmektedir. Bir diğer hizmeti ise; KOBİ 'lerin rekabet düzeyini artırmak ve ihracat, kurumsallaşma ve Ar-Ge gibi mevzularda kendilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olmaktır.