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İstanbul Sanayi Odası'nın hazırladığı ''Türkiye'nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2019 Araştırması'' na göre, Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri AŞ (TÜPRAŞ ), üretimden satışlarda 87 milyar 949 milyon lirayla Türkiye'nin en büyük sanayi kuruluşu oldu.
İSO Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Erdal Bahçıvan, düzenlediği basın toplantısında, İSO'nun ''Türkiye'nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu" sonuçlarını açıkladı.
TÜPRAŞ, üretimden satışlarda 87 milyar 949 milyon lirayla listede ilk sırayı alırken, Ford 37 milyar 71 milyon lirayla ikinci, Toyota ise 25 milyar 851 milyon lirayla üçüncü oldu.
Listede Toyota'yı sırasıyla Oyak-Renault, Star Rafineri, Arçelik, Tofaş, İskenderun Demir ve Çelik takip etti. Dokuzuncu sıradaki şirket isminin açıklanmasını istemezken, Ereğli Demir ve Çelik onuncu basamakta yer aldı.
İstanbul Sanayi Odası'nın hazırladığı ''Türkiye'nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2019 Araştırması'' nda Türkiye Petrol Rafinerileri AŞ (TÜPRAŞ) ilk sırada yer alırken, Ford ikinci, Toyota üçüncü oldu.
"Türkiye'nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2019 Araştırması" nın sonuçları İSO Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Erdal Bahçıvan tarafından açıklandı.
Araştırmanın zirvesinde 87 milyar 949 milyon lira üretimden satışla yine TÜPRAŞ yer aldı. Ford 37 milyar 71 milyon lirayla ikinciliğini, Toyota 25 milyar 851 milyon lirayla üçüncülüğünü korudu. Oyak Renault da 24 milyar 635 milyon lira üretimden satışla dördüncü oldu. Böylece ilk dört şirket, 2019 yılında bir önceki senenin sıralamasına göre değişmedi.
İSO 500 araştırmasına bu yıl ilk kez katılan Star Rafineri 20 milyar 831 milyon liralık üretimden satışla listeye beşinci sıradan girdi.
Türkiye'nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu, 2018'de 878 milyar lira olan üretimden satışlarını 2019'da yüzde 16,4 artırarak 1 trilyon liranın üzerine çıkardı. 2019 yılındaki artış, 2017'deki yüzde 33,2 ve 2018'deki yüzde 34,5'lik oranlar ile kıyaslandığında, son üç yılın en düşük artışı olarak dikkat çekti, büyüme performansı yavaşladı.
İSO 500'ün ihracatı da yüzde 2,4 artışla 73,5 milyar dolar oldu. Listede 30 yıl önce ihracat yapan firma sayısı 409 iken, son yıllarda bu rakam 450'ler bandını aştı ve 2019'da 463'e çıktı. İSO 500'ün Türkiye sanayi ihracatı içindeki payı yüzde 42 oldu.
FAALİYET KARI 2,8 PUAN GERİLEDİ Araştırmaya göre sıralamanın ilk 50'sini oluşturan kuruluşların toplam üretimden satışlar içinden aldığı pay, yüzde 50'ler mertebesini korudu. Temel göstergelere göre, 2019'da İSO 500'ün faaliyet karı oranı 2,8 puan gerileyerek yüzde 10,9'dan yüzde 8,1'e indi. Toplam faaliyet karı büyüklüğü ise 2018'de 108 milyar TL iken, 2019'da yüzde 14,6 azalarak 92 milyar TL'ye düştü.
Geçen yıl iç talebin daralması ve dış talep koşullarının zorlaşması nedeniyle sanayi kuruluşları, maliyet artışlarını satış fiyatlarına yeterince yansıtamadı, fiyatlarda indirime gitti. Bu nedenle faaliyet karında da önemli bir gerileme ortaya çıktı.
Ölçülmeye başlandığı 2013'ten beri sürekli artış gösteren FAVÖK (Faiz, Amortisman ve Vergi Öncesi Kar) büyüklüğü, ilk kez yüzde 8,1 düşüşle 140 milyar TL'den 129 milyar TL'ye geriledi.
FİNANSMAN GİDERLERİ YÜZDE 33,4 DÜŞTÜ İSO 500'ün diğer faaliyetlerden olağan gelir ve karları 154 milyar TL iken, gider ve zararları 117 milyar TL oldu. Böylece 37 milyar TL'lik üretim faaliyeti dışı net gelir elde edildi. Finansman giderleri yüzde 33,4 düşüşle 96 milyar liradan 64 milyar liraya inerken, finansman giderlerinin faaliyet karı içindeki payı da yüzde 88,9'dan yüzde 69,3'e geriledi.
Sanayi kuruluşları 2018 yılında elde ettikleri karın neredeyse tamamını finansman giderlerine ayırmışken, 2019 yılında finansman giderlerinin faaliyet karı üzerindeki baskısı daha azaldı.
Borçlanma ile öz kaynakların dağılımını yansıtan kaynak yapısında, İSO 500'de 2015 yılıyla birlikte ilk kez yüzde 60'ların üstüne çıkan toplam borçların payı, takip eden yıllarda da artış eğilimini sürdürmüştü. 2019'da da bir önceki seneye göre 1,4 puan daha artarak yüzde 68,4'e çıktı. Mali borçlar ise yüzde 23,7 artış göstererek 406 milyar liraya yükseldi.
Mali borçlardaki artış hızı, geçen yıla göre yavaşlasa da reel olarak büyüme eğilimini sürdürdü. Ancak mali borçlardaki sevindirici gelişme, vade yapısındaki iyileşme oldu. 2017'de yüzde 41,9, 2018'de yüzde 45,3 olan kısa vadeli mali borçların toplam mali borçlar içindeki payı, 2019'da yüzde 41,4'e indi. Uzun vadeli mali borçların payı da yüzde 58,6'ya çıktı. Bu durum, geçen yıl gerçekleştirilen borç yapılandırmaları ile birçok kısa vadeli mali borcun uzun vadeli hale getirildiğini gösterdi.
DEVREDEN KDV YÜKÜ YÜZDE 1,9 ARTTI İSO 500'ün devreden KDV yükü, uzun yıllardır sürdürdüğü yüksek oranlı artışların ardından bu yıl sınırlı bir artış gösterdi. Devreden KDV yükü, bir önceki yıla göre yüzde 1,9 artışla 10,8 milyar TL oldu. Duran varlıkların toplam aktifler içindeki payı 2015'te yüzde 46,3'e yükseldikten sonra gerilemeye başlamış ve 2018'de yüzde 38,8'e kadar inmişti. Duran varlıkların payı 2019'da küçük bir oranda artarak yüzde 39,1'e yükseldi.
İSO 500'de kar eden kuruluş sayısı 381'den 411'e yükseldi. Faiz, amortisman ve vergi öncesi kar elde eden kuruluş sayısı 2019 yılında 5 adet azalarak 483 olarak gerçekleşti.
KATMA DEĞERDE YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ YOĞUNLUKLU PAYI YÜKSELİŞTE Teknoloji yoğunluklarına göre yaratılan katma değer dağılımında, 2019'da yaratılan katma değer itibarıyla en yüksek payı yüzde 40 ile düşük teknoloji yoğunluklu sanayiler aldı. Orta-düşük teknoloji yoğunluklu sanayilerin payı ise 5,4 puan azalarak yüzde 29,6 oldu. Orta-yüksek teknoloji yoğunluklu sanayiler grubunun payı yüzde 22,2'den yüzde 23,5'e yükseldi.
Yüksek teknoloji yoğunluklu sanayiler grubunun payı yüzde 5,3'ten yüzde 6,9'a ulaştı.
Ar-Ge harcaması yapan kuruluş sayısı, 276'dan 262'ye geriledi. Ar-Ge harcamaları ise önemli bir artış yaşadı. 2019 yılında İSO 500'ün Ar-Ge harcamaları yüzde 150'nin üzerinde artarak 3,8 milyar liradan 9,7 milyar liraya çıktı.
İSO 500'ün istihdamı 2019'da yaklaşık yüzde 1 arttı. Ödenen maaş ve ücretlerdeki artış da yüzde 20,5 olarak gerçekleşti. Bu da İSO 500'ün istihdama katkı yapmaya devam ettiğini gösterdi. İSO 500'de yabancı sermaye paylı kuruluşların sayısı, 2019'da değişmeyerek 117 olarak gerçekleşti. Halka açık kuruluş sayısı 67'den 66'ya düştü.
2019 araştırmasında Türkiye'nin en büyük sanayi kuruluşu Tüpraş oldu. Lider Tüpraş'ın net satışları 87.9 milyar lira olarak gerçekleşti.
Tüpraş 'ı Ford Otomotiv takip etti. Ford Otomotiv'in toplam satışları 37 milyar lira oldu.
Üçüncü büyük ise Toyota Otomotiv oldu. 25.8 milyar liralık satışta bulundu.
Renault 4'üncü sırada yer aldı. 24.6 milyar liralık satış yaptı.
İSO 500'e bu yıl ilk kez katılan Star Rafineri de listeye beşinci sıradan girdi. Şirket 20.8 milyar liralık satış gerçekleştirdi.
Arçelik 6'ıncı sırada 18.6 milyar liralık satışla yer buldu.
7- Tofaş Türk Otomobil Fabrikasi A.Ş. - 17 milyar 214 milyon 311 bin TL
8- İskenderun Demir Çelik - 16 milyar 391 milyon 885 bin lira
9- Listede 9. sırada bulunan kuruluşun bilgileri açıklanmadı.
10- Ereğli Demir ve Çelik Fab. T.A.Ş. - 14 milyar 146 milyon 73 bin lira
11- ASELSAN - 12 milyar 591 milyon 587 bin lira
12- Hyundai Assan - 10 milyar 903 milyon 560 bin lira
13- Çolakoğlu Metalurji A.Ş. - 10 milyar 338 milyon 694 bin TL
14- Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş. - 9 milyar 943 milyon 691 bin TL
15- Listede 15. sırada bulunan kuruluşun bilgileri açıklanmadı.
16- İçdaş Çelik Enerji Tersane ve Ulaşım Sanayi A.Ş. - 9 milyar 803 milyon 127 bin lira
17- PETKİM Petrokimya Holding A.Ş. - 9 milyar 233 milyon 405 bin lira
18- TUSAŞ - 8 milyar 677 milyon 894 bin TL
19- EÜAŞ Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Genel Müdürlüğü - 8 milyar 515 milyon 825 bin lira
20- BSH Ev Aletleri San. ve Tic. A.Ş. - 8 milyar 359 milyon 211 bin TL
21- VESTEL ELEKTRONİK - 7.8 milyar TL
22- AYGAZ - 7 milyar TL
23- VESTEL BEYAZ EŞYA - 6.97 milyar TL
24- TOSÇELİK - 6.8 milyar TL
25- UNILIVER - 6.4 milyar TL
26- KARDEMİR - 5,9 milyar TL
27- BORÇELİK - 5.8 milyar TL
28- ER-BAKIR - 5.5 milyar TL
29- SARKUYSAN - 5.2 milyar TL
30- YILDIZ ENTEGRE - 5.2 milyar TL
İŞTE O LİSTE