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Türkiye 'nin milli ve yerli enerji politikasının en önemli yatırımları arasında gösterilen Kalyon Güneş Teknolojileri Fabrikası, ağustosta üretime başlıyor. 4 farklı aşamadan oluşan güneş paneli üretimini, tek çatı altında entegre olarak toplayan fabrika, bu özelliği ile dünyada tek olarak kabul ediliyor. Fabrikanın kuruluş hikayesi ise 2017 yılında yapılan, "Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanları Güneş Enerjisi (YEKA GES-1)" projesine dayanıyor. Aradan geçen 3 yılda yaşananları Kalyon Güneş Teknolojileri Fabrikası Genel Müdürü Ahmet Taşkın anlattı.
"ÖNCELİĞİMİZ VERİMLİLİK VE KALİTE OLDU" Taşkın, sahip olunan teknoloji ile ilgili de şu bilgileri paylaştı: "Ingot üretim teknolojisinde 2 yöntem kullanılıyor; biri mono kristal diğeri çoklu kristal. Mono kristalin verimi yüksek ama hem yatırımı hem de üretimi daha pahalı. İki teknolojinin arasındaki maliyet farkı tam iki kat. Biz verimlilik ve kaliteye önem verdiğimiz için maliyetli olmasına rağmen tek kristal teknolojisini tercih ettik. Bununla birlikte çok kristalli hücrelerde verim yüzde 21 düzeyinde iken, bizim üreteceğimiz tek kristalli hücrelerde yüzde 22 verime ulaşacağız. Güneşten gelen ışınların, fotonların sahip olduğu enerjinin yüzde 22'sini elektrik enerjisine çevirebiliyor. Yüzey pürüzlendirme ve kaplama prosesleri çok önemli. Kaplama proseslerinde nano kalınlıkta yani atomik katman diyebileceğimiz metal buharlama ile kaplama yapılıyor. Ya da yüzey üzerine farklı atomlar emdiriliyor. Bu prosesin tamamı çok teknik detay içeren ve birçok patent altında yapılan işlemler. Yani teknolojik yenilik tarafı da bu."
3.5 MİLYON ADET ÜRETİLECEK Ankara'da üretilecek güneş panelleri, Konya Karapınar 'da kurulacak Türkiye 'nin en büyük güneş enerji santralinde kullanılacak. Bu santral için 2.5 yıl boyunca toplam 3.5 milyon adet güneş paneli üretilecek. Üretilen bu panellerde 20 milyon metrekare alan üzerine montajı yapılacak. Karapınar Güneş Santrali faaliyete geçtiğinde 2 milyon kişinin bir yıllık enerji ihtiyacını karşılayacak. 1.5 milyon ton da fosil atık ve karbon salınımının da önüne geçecek.
6 YILDA 40 MW'DEN 6 GW'YE ÇIKTI Karapınar Güneş Santrali faaliyete geçtiğinde Türkiye'nin yenilenebilir enerjide, güneş enerjisinden elde ettiği elektrik 6 GW'den 7 GW'ye çıkmış olacak. Türkiye'nin 2014 yılındaki kapasitesi sadece 40 MW idi. 2020 yılında bu rakam 6 GW'ye çıktı. Enerji ve Tabi Kaynaklar Bakanlığı'nın ekimde çıkacağı ihale ile bu rakam 8 GW'ye çıkacak. Türkiye 2 yıl içinde 10 GW güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretir kapasiteye kavuşacak. Bu kapasite şu anda Almanya'da 50 GW iken güneşlenme oranı Türkiye'nin üçte ikisi kadar.
AR-GE'YE BÜYÜK BÜTÇE Kalyon Güneş Teknolojileri Fabrikası'ında 100 araştırmacının görev alacağı Ar-GE merkezi kuruldu. Ar-Ge için 10 yılda 90 milyon dolar bütçe ayrıldı. Panelin verimliliğini artırmaktan aydınlatmaya kadar şu an için 15 proje üzerinde çalışılacak. Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi , ODTÜ Güneş Araştırmaları Merkezi, TÜBİTAK ve ilgili bakanlıklarla çeşitli projeler üzerinde çalışılıyor. "DÜNYADA BENZERİ YOK" Kalyon Güneş Teknolojileri Fabrikası Proje Direktörü Peter Fath, dünyada güneş paneli sektörüyle uğraşan profesyonellerin, yatırımcıların ve bilim insanlarının bu projeyi yakından takip ettiğini söyledi: "Yenilenebilir enerji özelliği ve sonsuz kaynak sunduğu için geçtiğimiz birkaç yıl içinde küresel anlamda büyük yatırımlar yapıldı. Özellikle de Çin son 10 yılda bu alanda dünyayı domine etti. Son dönemde Almanya başta olmak üzere Avrupa ülkeleri, ABD, Hindistan fabrika kurarak üretim noktasında söz sahibi olmak istiyor. Ama Kalyon'un bu yatırımı bütün dikkatleri üzerine çekti. Özellikle Çin'de 4 üretimi de yapan fabrikalar var ama burası gibi tek çatı altında toplanmış değil. Entegre özelliği de Ortadoğu ve Avrupa'da tek olmasını sağlıyor." YATIRIM BEDELİ 1.4 MİLYAR DOLAR Kalyon Güneş Teknolojileri Fabrikası 400 milyon dolar, Karapınar Güneş Santrali ise 1 milyar dolar yatırım ile kurulacak. İki projenin toplam maliyeti 1.4 milyar dolar. Bu iki yatırım, Türkiye 'nin döviz ithal ikamesinde önemli rol oynayacak. Her iki tesis de faaliyete geçtiğinde 345 milyon dolar ithal ikamesi sağlanmış olacak.
YERLİ VE MİLLİ BİR HİKAYE Taşkın, 2017'de milli ve yerli enerji politikasının güçlü bir şekilde hayata geçirildiğini belirterek, "Cumhurbaşkanımız Sayın Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 'ın liderliğinde milli ve yerli enerji için büyük bir atılım başlatıldı. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı tarafından YEKA GES 1 ihalesi düzenlendi. 1000 MW kurulu güç ile Türkiye 'nin en büyük güneş enerji santralinin Konya Karapınar 'a kurulması için düğmeye basıldı. Ancak şartnamede çok kritik bir kural vardı. Şartnameye göre güneş paneli hücre üretiminin yerli olması gerekiyordu. O güne kadar Türkiye, 4 aşamadan oluşan güneş paneli üretiminin sadece 4. aşamasını yapabiliyordu. Bu ise montajdan öteye gidememek demekti. İşte bu fabrikanın kuruluş hikayesi bu ihaleye dayanmaktadır" dedi. 4 AŞAMA TEK ÇATI ALTINDA Taşkın, ihale alındıktan sonra Başkent Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'ne tamamen yerli üretim yapılacak aynı zamanda da ileri teknolojiye sahip fabrikanın kurulma aşamasına geçildiğini söyledi. Taşkın şöyle devam etti: "Fabrikanın temeli 3 yıl önce atıldığında güneş hücre paneli üretimi için gerekli 4 aşamanın da tek çatı altında toplanmasına karar verildi. Bir başka ifadeyle panel üretiminin en zor kısmı olarak kabul edilen ingot, wafer, hücre ve panel üretimi tek çatı altında toplanacaktı. Teknik olarak baktığımızda ileri teknoloji ürünü, maliyeti ve zorluğu yüzünden dünyada ingot denilen 4-5 metre uzunluğundaki cam kütük dünyada çok az yerde üretilebiliyor. Biz ingot'u da Türkiye'de üretme kararı verdik ve büyük yatırım yaptık. Kurban Bayram'ında ilk yerli ingot üretimini de gerçekleştirdik. Ayrıca yine çok özel teknoloji olan, ingot'u mikron düzeyinde dilimleyen ve wafer adı verilen fabrikayı da kurduk. Bu wafer'ler ise hücre fabrikasında ileri teknolojik ürüne dönüştürülüyor. Son aşamada ise hücreler birleştirilerek panel haline getiriliyor." Bu ay bu 4 fabrikanın da üretime geçeceğini dile getiren Taşkın, "Fabrikamızın açılışını ise Cumhurbaşkanımız Sayın Recep Tayyip Erdoğan yapacak" diye konuştu.