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5 aylık TÜİK TEFE TÜFE enflasyon rakamları milyonlarca memur ve emekli tarafından yakından takip ediliyor. TEFE TÜFE memur ve emekli için enflasyon zam mı farkı müjdesi heyecanla bekleniyordu. 3 Aralık'ta açıklanan TÜİK Kasım ayı zam oranları ile birlikte memur emekli maaş zam farkı de netleşmiş oldu. TÜİK tarafından enflasyon rakamlarının açıklanması ile memurlar için enflasyon farkının arttığı görüldü. TİS'e göre memurlara yüzde 3 zam yapılacak. Enflasyon farkı yüzde 4'ü aşarsa aşan miktar kadar yüzde 3'e eklenecek. Açıklanan Kasım ayı enflasyonu ile birlikte memurlara yüzde 3+2,4, toplam 5.4'lük zam oluşuyor. Kamuda çalışan memurların ve emeklilerin en çok merak ettiği konulardan birisi de, yıl sonu enflasyon tahmini oranının açıklanmasının ardından 2021 memur zammı ne kadar sorusunun cevabı oldu.
ŞİMDİYE KADAR AÇIKLANAN ENFLASYON
2020 yılının ikinci yarısında 5 aylık enflasyon verisi açıklandı sadece Aralık ayı enflasyonu kaldı. İşte şimdiye kadar açıklanan enflasyonlara göre aylık
TÜFE:
Temmuz ayı TÜFE : 0,58 Ağustos ayı TÜFE: 0,86 Eylül ayı TÜFE: 0,97 Ekim ayı TÜFE: 2,13 Kasım ayı TÜFE: 2,30: Toplam: 6,84
ENFLASYON FARKI ARTTI
TÜİK tarafından enflasyon rakamlarının açıklanması ile memurlar için enflasyon farkının arttığı görüldü. TİS'e göre memurlara yüzde 3 zam yapılacak. Enflasyon farkı yüzde 4'ü aşarsa aşan miktar kadar yüzde 3'e eklenecek. Açıklanan Kasım ayı enflasyonu ile birlikte memurlara yüzde 3+2,4, toplam 5.4'lük zam oluşuyor.
EMEKLİLERE TOPLAM TÜFE ORANINDA ZAM
Emeklilere ise toplam TÜFE oranında zam yapılacak. Şimdiye kadar açıklanan toplam TÜFE 6.84.
NE KADAR ZAM ALACAKLAR?
Memurlar, yıl sonuna kadar toplam TÜFE 'nin yüzde 4'ü aşması durumunda, aşan miktar kadar maaş zam mına ek olarak enflasyon farkı zammı alacak. Açıklanan 4 aylık enflasyon verilerine baktığımızda 0.54'lük enflasyon farkı oluştuğu görüldü. Memurlar yüzde 3'e ek olarak 0.54 zam alacak. Kasım ve Aralık ayı enflasyonları ile bu oranın artması bekleniyor.
2021 MEMUR ZAMMI NE ZAMAN GELECEK? İŞTE YIL SONU ENFLASYON TAHMİNİ
Toplu sözleşme ye göre memur zamları yılda iki kez yapılıyor. Haziran ayı enflasyon oranı açıklandıktan sonra memurlar için bir yılda yapılan ikinci ve son zam da yapılmış oluyor. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Banka sı (TCMB ) Başkanı Murat Uysal'ın yaptığı açıklamaya göre, 2021 memur maaşları tahmini rakamlarda belli olmuş oldu. Bu rakamlar şimdilik tahmini olarak yapıldığını vurgulamakta fayda var. Toplu sözleşme gereğince, enflasyon farkı 6 aylık dilimler halinde hesaplanıyor. Bu zamlardan memurlarla birlikte emekliler de faydalanıyor. Merkez Bankası'nın yıl sonu enflasyon tahmini oranının açıklanmasıyla memurlar 2021 yılında yapılacak zammın ne kadar olacağını hesaplamak istiyor. Zamlar toplu sözleşmede de yer aldığı gibi 6 aylık dilimlerde hesaplanıyor. 2021 Ocak ayında memur maaşlarına zam oranının ne kadar olduğu net olarak açıklanacak.
EKİM 2020 ENFLASYONU
TÜİK tarafından az önce açıklanan enflasyon rakamlarına baktığımızda, Ekim ayına dair verilerin şu şekilde olduğu görüldü:
TÜFE 'de (2003=100) 2020 yılı Ekim ayında bir önceki aya göre %2,13, bir önceki yılın Aralık ayına göre %10,64, bir önceki yılın aynı ayına göre %11,89 ve on iki aylık ortalamalara göre %11,74 artış gerçekleşti.
4 AYLIK TÜFE
2020 yılının ikinci altı ayında açıklanan enflasyonlara göre TÜFE'ler şu şekilde:
Temmuz: 0,58 Ağustos: 0,86 Eylül: 0,97 Ekim: 2,13 Toplam: 4,54
NE KADAR ZAM ALACAKLAR?
Memurlar, yıl sonuna kadar toplam TÜFE 'nin yüzde 4'ü aşması durumunda, aşan miktar kadar maaş zam mına ek olarak enflasyon farkı zammı alacak. Açıklanan 4 aylık enflasyon verilerine baktığımızda 0.54'lük enflasyon farkı oluştuğu görüldü. Memurlar yüzde 3'e ek olarak 0.54 zam alacak. Kasım ve Aralık ayı enflasyonları ile bu oranın artması bekleniyor.
TÜFE VE TEFE NEDİR? TÜFE (Tüketici fiyatları endeksi) tipik bir tüketicinin satın aldığı belirli bir ürün ve hizmet grubunun fiyatlarındaki ortalama değişimleri gösteren bir ölçüttür. Yıllık enflasyon değerindeki değişimi ölçmek için kullanılır. TÜFE, İstatistik bilimindeki indeks sayılar ile hesaplanır. Belli bir yıl seçilir ve bu yıl temel yıl kabul edilir. , Karşılaştırılan dönemler arasındaki toplam ya da fark, belirli bir gelire sahip olan bireyin satın alma gücünün azalıp azalmadığını gösterecektir.
Toptan Eşya Fiyat Endeksi 'nin kısaltılışı olan TEFE Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından (TÜİK ) hesaplanmaktadır. Toptan Eşya Fiyat Endeksi. Değişimi aylık ya da yıllık enflasyon rakamının belirlenmesinde kullanılır. 2005 yılından itibaren Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü DİE, Toptan Eşya Fiyat Endeksi'nin yerine Üretici Fiyat endeksi ÜFE'yi kullanmaya başlamıştır. TÜFE VE TEFE NASIL HESAPLANIR? TÜFE yani Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi hesaplamaları, ülke genelindeki tüketim mallarını kapsıyor. Gıda ürünlerinden ender tüketilen mallara ve sosyal harcamalara kadar her şeş TÜFE kapsamında değerlendiriliyor. Hesaplama yapmak için ise belli bir dönemin baz alınması gerekmektedir. TÜFE hesaplamalarında istatistik verilerinden yararlanılır. TEFE hesaplamalarında ise ekonomik çalışma alanları ve sanayi kolların olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. TEFE'de ürün rafa gelmeden önceki fiyatı hesaplanmaktadır. TEFE'deki artışlar kısa bir süre sonra TÜFE'de de artışları meydana getirmektedir.
ENFLASYON NEDİR? Enflasyon , mal ve hizmetlerin fiyatlarının artmasıdır. Ancak mal ve hizmetlerin fiyatları zam an içinde artabilir veya azalabilir. Enflasyon sadece belli bir malın veya hizmetin fiyatının tek başına artması değil, fiyatların genel düzeyinin sürekli bir artış göstermesidir. Diğer bir deyişle, sadece bazı malların fiyatlarının sürekli artması ya da tüm malların fiyatlarının bir sefer artması enflasyon değildir. Örneğin aylık enflasyon oranının yüzde 1 olması, o ay içinde fiyatlar genel seviyesinin bir önceki aya göre yüzde 1 oranında arttığını gösterir. Yıllık enflasyonun yüzde 30 olması da, fiyatların bir önceki yıla göre ortalama yüzde 30 oranında arttığını, örneğin geçen yıl 200 TL'ye alınan bir mal sepetinin bu yıl ancak 260 TL'ye alınabileceğini ifade eder. Enflasyonun düşmesi; fiyatların düşmesi, insanların alım gücünün artması, gelirlerinin yükselmesi demek değildir. Enflasyonun düşmesi, fiyatların daha az artması, insanların alım güçlerinin daha az azalması ve neticesinde istikrar ve refah demektir.
Enflasyon oranları, merkez banka larının para politikalarında atacağı adımları doğrudan etkileyebileceğinden, kurlar üzerinde de oldukça etkilidir. Çünkü enflasyon oranı, merkez bankalarının faiz oranları üzerinde yapacağı değişiklikler için öncü göstergelerdir. Örneğin, enflasyon oranlarının, merkez bankalarının hedeflerinden yukarı yönde sapması durumunda faizlerde artış beklentisi ön plana çıkarken, enflasyon oranının merkez bankalarının hedeflerinin altında kalması durumunda ise faizlerde düşüş beklentisi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Örneğin; Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası , 2016 yılı enflasyon hedefini 5% olarak belirledi. Ancak yaşanan yurt içi yurt dışı gelişmeler bu enflasyon hedefinin sapmasına sebep olabilir. Bu sapma oranının kesin bir değeri olmamakla birlikte TCMB global piyasaların gidişatını göz önünde bulundurarak faizlerde artışa gider ise USDTRY VE EURTRY kurlarında (Türk Lirası 'nın değer kazancı nedeniyle) aşağı yönlü hareketler izlenebilir. Veya, mevcut konjonktür TCMB'nin faizleri düşürmesine sebep olursa bu durumda USDTRY ve EURTRY kurlarında (Türk Lirası'nın değer yitirmesi nedeniyle) yükselişler söz konusu olabilir. Tabi ki kur hareketlerinde enflasyon tek başına etken olmamakla birlikte, volatiliteye sebep olabilecek önemli bir veridir.
ENFLASYON NASIL HESAPLANIR? Enflasyon u hesaplamak resmi istatistik kurumları açısından oldukça zor olmakla birlikte, temsili bazı mallardan bir sepet oluşturularak hesaplama gerçekleştirilir. Sonra da bu sepet değerinin zam an içerisindeki değişimleri gözlemlenir. Oluşturulan bu endeksin genel olarak iki hesaplanma yöntemi bulunuyor;
– Tüketici Fiyat Endeski (TÜFE – CPI): Tüketim malları veya hizmetlerinin (benzin, gıda, giyim, otomobil gibi) hesaplanmasında kullanılır. Tüketicinin perspektifinden değişimi gösterir. – Üretici Fiyat Endeksi (ÜFE – PPI): Yurtiçinde üretilen mal ve hizmetlerden oluşturulan endeksteki değişimleri gösterir. Bu da üreticinin perspektifine göre yorumlanmaktadır. Yukarıdaki iki kategori için de, mevsimsel (geçici) etkilerin bulunmadığı ve Çekirdek (Core) olarak adlandırılan hesaplama yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Bu göstergeler büyük çaptaki anketler olarak düşünülebilir. Her ay, resmi istatistik kurumları, perakende satışçılar, hizmet sağlayıcıları, benzin istasyonları ve muayenehane gibi birçok yeri fiyat değişiminin saptanması için inceler.