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Yeni yılda asgari ücret zammı yüzde kaç? 2021 asgari ücret ne kadar olacak? Asgari ücret zammı nın yüzde kaç olacağı vatandaşların merak konusu oldu. Milyonlarca çalışanı ilgilendiren asgari ücret zammının ne kadar olacağına dair görüşmeler başladı. Asgari ücret tespit komisyonunda devlet, işveren ve işçi temsilcileri bir araya geliyor ve zam görüşmeleri yapıyor. Peki, 2021 asgari ücret ne kadar olacak?
2021 ASGARİ ÜCRET NE KADAR OLACAK?
Üç işçi konfederasyonu, bugün ilk toplantısı yapılacak asgari ücret görüşmeleri öncesi Türk-İş Genel Başkanı Ergün Atalay, Hak-İş Genel Başkanı Mahmut Arslan ve DİSK Genel Başkanı Arzu Çerkezoğlu imzasıyla ortak yazılı açıklama yaptı.
Açıklamada, 2021 yılı asgari ücret görüşmelerinin, yeni tip koronavirüs (Kovid-19) salgının tüm dünya ve Türkiye'de ağır insani, sosyal ve ekonomik tahribatının yaşandığı bir dönemde başladığı belirtilerek, şunlar kaydedildi:
"Küresel salgın, başta işçiler olmak üzere tüm ücretli çalışanların yaşama şartlarını daha da ağırlaştırdı. Ciddi iş ve gelir kayıplarına yol açtı. Nitekim devletin resmi kurumunca açıklanan son büyüme rakamlarında, çalışanların milli gelirden aldıkları payın ciddi oranda gerilediği de görülmektedir. 2021'de geçerli olacak asgari ücretin, pandemi koşullarında yaşanan iş ve gelir kaybı dikkate alınarak insan onuruna yaraşır bir geçim ücreti olarak tespit edilmesi ortak düşüncemizdir."
Asgari ücretin işçi ve ailesinin günün ekonomik ve sosyal koşullarına göre insanca yaşamasını mümkün kılacak, insanlık onuruyla bağdaşacak bir ücret olduğunun vurgulandığı açıklamada, şu ifadeler kullanıldı:
"Asgari ücret, çalışanların yaşama ve çalışma şartlarının düzenlenmesine yönelik önemli uygulamalardan biridir. Asgari ücret ve civarında çalışan milyonlarca işçinin olduğu ülkemizde, belirlenecek asgari ücret rakamı sadece asgari ücretli çalışanları değil, işsizlik ödeneği, kısa çalışma ödeneği vb. ödemeleri alan hak sahiplerini de doğrudan etkilemektedir. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) Anayasası'nın girişinde, 'işçinin ve ailesinin yalnızca geçimini temin eden ücret, insanca yaşamaya yeterli bir ücret değildir. Halbuki işçinin insanca yaşaması için yeterli ücrete sahip olması gerekir' ifadesine yer verilmiştir. Üç İşçi Konfederasyonu 'insan onuruna yaraşır bir asgari ücret' belirlenmesi taleplerini bir araya gelerek ortaklaştırmıştır."
- "Çalışanlar, ekonomik sıkıntıların nedeni değil mağdurudur"
Anayasada devlete "Çalışanların yaptıkları işe uygun adaletli bir ücret elde etmeleri ve diğer sosyal yardımlardan yararlanmaları için gerekli tedbirleri alma" görevi verildiği ve asgari ücret in tespitinde "Çalışanların geçim şartları ile ülkenin ekonomik durumu da göz önünde bulundurulur" denildiği anımsatılarak, açıklamaya şöyle devam edildi:
"Asgari ücret bir pazarlık ücreti değildir. İşçinin ailesiyle insanca yaşamasını sağlayacak gelirdir. Asgari ücretin belirlenmesi müzakerelerinde göz önünde tutulması gereken öncelikli husus, çalışanların karşı karşıya bulundukları geçim koşullarıdır. Çalışanlar, yaşanılan ekonomik sıkıntıların nedeni değil mağdurudur ve 'ülkenin içinde bulunduğu ekonomik durum' gerekçesiyle asgari ücretin düşük belirlenmesi kabul edilemez. Türkiye'nin rekabet şartlarını düşük ücret politikasıyla sağlamak doğrultusunda bir anlayışı olmamalıdır. Ülkemizdeki asgari ücret düzeyi AB üyesi çoğu ülkenin gerisindedir. Bugün ücretliler üzerinde dayanılmaz boyutlarda vergi yükleri bulunmaktadır. Ücretli çalışanların eline geçen ücret, vergi nedeniyle ilerleyen aylarda düşmektedir. Asgari ücret alan işçiler bile yılın son aylarında daha düşük ücret almaktadır. Asgari ücret kadar bir gelirin ücretli çalışanlar için vergi dışı bırakılması yönünde tüm sosyal taraflar arasında görüş birliği oluşmasına rağmen -şimdiye kadar- herhangi bir düzenleme yapılmamıştır. İşverenin sosyal güvenlik primi düşürülmesine rağmen işçilerin sosyal güvenlik primi muhafaza edilmiştir."
- "Ücretlerin asgari ücrete tekabül eden kısmı vergiden muaf olmalı"
Üç işçi konfederasyonu, "insan onuruna yakışır" düzeyde bir asgari ücret belirlenebilmesi için, Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonunun çalışmaları sırasında temel alınması gereken şu ilkelere yer verdi:
- Asgari ücretin saptanmasında Anayasa'da yer alan "geçim şartları" yaklaşımına öncelikle uyulmalıdır. Günün ekonomik ve sosyal koşullarına göre işçinin ve ailesinin insanca yaşamasını mümkün kılacak ve insanlık onuruyla bağdaşacak asgari ücret belirlenmelidir. İçinde yaşadığımız salgın koşullarının yarattığı gelir kaybı ve gider artışları da dikkate alınmalıdır.
- Asgari ücret, Asgari Geçim İndirimi (AGİ) hariç ve net olarak açıklanmalıdır. Bu ücretten yapılacak vergi, sosyal güvenlik vb. kesintiler net tutarın üzerine ilave edilmeli ve yıl boyunca asgari ücret, açıklanan bu net ücretin altına düşmemelidir.
- Ücretlerin asgari ücrete tekabül eden kısmı vergiden muaf olmalıdır. Ayrıca ücretliler için damga vergisi uygulaması kaldırılmalıdır. Asgari ücret sonrası ilk vergi basamağı için uygulanacak oran yüzde 10 olmalıdır.
- Asgari ücret, herhangi bir ayırım yapılmadan yine ulusal düzeyde tek olarak ve yıllık belirlenmelidir. İşçilerin arasında nitelik, kıdem, işin mahiyeti gibi ekonomik amaçlı değerlendirmelerin tümünden bağımsız olarak ele alınmalıdır.
- Asgari ücret, ekonomik ölçülerin ötesinde sosyal bir ücret olarak kabul edilmeli ve bu özelliği temel alınarak belirlenmelidir.
- Devlet çalışanlar arasında ayrım yapmamalı, kamuda geçerli en düşük aylık tutarını asgari ücret belirlenirken de dikkate almalıdır.
- "İşçi SGK prim payı 5 puan düşürülerek bütçeden karşılanmalı"
Türk-İş, Hak-İş ve DİSK, asgari ücret ile bağlantılı olarak ve mevcut ekonomik koşullar da dikkate alınarak, taleplerini şöyle sıraladı:
"- İşverenlere sağlanan sosyal güvenlik prim desteğin benzeri işçilere de verilmeli ve işçilerin sosyal güvenlik haklarında bir kayıp yaratmayacak şekilde işçi SGK prim payı 5 puan düşürülerek bütçeden karşılanmalıdır.
- Pandemi koşullarında işsizlik sigortasından işçilere yapılan ödemelerin (kısa çalışma ödeneği, nakdi gelir desteği ve işsizlik sigortası) alt sınırı asgari ücret olmalıdır. Pandemide iş ve gelir kaybı olan işçilere asgari ücret düzeyinden az olmayan bir nakdi gelir desteği verilmelidir. Bu destek kayıtsız çalışan işçiler için bütçeden karşılanmalıdır.
- 'Sosyal Devlet' ilkesi gereği 'aile yardımı' çalışmayan eş için uygulamaya konulmalıdır.
- Sendikal örgütlenmenin olduğu işyerleri için asgari ücret teşviki uygulanmalıdır."
Açıklamada, üç işçi konfederasyonun ortak çalışma ilkelerine uygun olarak, ortaya çıkan görüşleri paylaşmaya devam edeceği belirtildi.
ASGARİ ÜCRET NASIL BELLİ OLACAK?
Asgari ücret i, yasa gereği 5'er işçi, işveren ve devlet temsilcisi olmak üzere 15 kişiden oluşan Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu belirliyor. Bu komisyonda, işveren tarafını Türkiye İşveren Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (TİSK), işçi tarafını ise en fazla üyeye sahip konfederasyon olduğu için Türkiye İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (Türk-İş) temsil ediyor.
Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanı Selçuk'un başkanlığında, Bakanlık'ta yapılacak ilk toplantının ardından komisyon, işçi ve işverenin ev sahipliğinde de ayrı ayrı toplanıyor. Komisyon, son toplantısını yine Bakanlık'ta yapıyor.
Bakanlığın belirlediği üyelerden birinin başkanlık ettiği komisyon, en az 10 üyenin katılımıyla toplanıp, oy çokluğuyla karar veriyor. Oyların eşitliği halinde başkanın bulunduğu tarafın çoğunluğu sağladığı kabul ediliyor.