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2021 yılı için belirlenecek olan asgari ücret için artık kritik viraja girildi. Milyonlarca kişinin gözü Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu'nun yapacağı dördüncü ve son toplantıya çevrildi. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığında yapılacak olan son toplantının ardından neticeye varılacak.
İLK TUTAR TELAFFUZ EDİLDİ Geçtiğimiz günlerde icra edilen üçüncü toplantıda maaşlar için ilk tutar da telaffuz edildi.
Buna göre; Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK ) tarafından ağır işlerde çalışan bekar işçi için hesaplanan asgari geçim tutarı geçen yıla göre yüzde 19.78 oranında artışla 2 bin 792 lira 10 kuruş, orta işlerde çalışan işçi için yüzde 20.17 artışla 2 bin 507 lira 70 kuruş, hafif işlerde ise yüzde 20.53 artışla 2 bin 339 lira 10 kuruş olarak önerildi.
Ağır işlerde çalışan bekar işçi: 2 bin 792 lira 10 kuruş
Orta işlerde çalışan işçi: 2 bin 507 lira 70 kuruş
Hafif işlerde çalışan işçi: 2 bin 339 lira 10 kuruş
Asgari ücret nasıl belirleniyor? Milyonlarca kişinin merakla beklediği yeni asgari ücret in belirlenmesine sayılı zam an kaldı. Birçok kişi asgari ücretin nasıl belirlendiğine dair tüm detayları merak ediyor.
Takvim Gazetesi Ekonomi Müdürü Faruk Erdem , asgari ücret ile ilgili merak edilen soruları takvim.com.tr editörü Ahmet Zeren 'e değerlendirdi.
İşte asgari ücret ile ilgili merak edilen sorular ve Faruk Erdem'in değerlendirmeleri;
Asgari ücretin belirlenmesinde rol oynayan kriterler nelerdir? Asgari ücret, her yıl Aralık ayında 15 kişilik komisyon tarafından belirleniyor. Komisyonda 5 işçi 5 işveren 5 de hükümet temsilcisi oluyor. Bu komisyon hem istihdam hem geçim hem de işveren maliyetleri ile ekonomiye bakarak bir rakam belirliyor. Dolayısıyla komisyon enflasyon dan geçim endeksine büyümeden işsizlik rakamlarına tüm verileri dikkate alıyor. Asgari ücret sadece bir maaş değil birçok ödeme ve borçlanmanın da parametresini oluşturduğu için büyük önem taşıyor. Asgari ücret temel olarak daha az maaş verilemez rakamı belirliyor.
Tahmini olarak 2021 yılında asgari ücret ne kadar olacak? Asgari ücret in ne kadar olacağına komisyon üyeleri karar veriyor ama son 10-15 yıllık artışlara baltığımızda bize bir fikir veren ölçü ile karşılaşıyoruz. Bu da son 10-15 yıldaki artışların bir önceki yılın enflasyon undan 3 yada 5 puan daha fazla yapıldığı. Yani 2021 yılının asgari ücretini hesaplarken 2020 sonu enflasyona bakacağız. Son ipucu Merkez Bankası'nın beklenti anketinden geldi. Buna göre yıl sonu enflasyon beklentisi yüzde 14.18 olarak açıklandı.
Şimdi bu rakamdan yola çıkarak bazı hesaplamalar yapalım. 3 ya da 5 puanlık refah artışı eklenerek asgari ücret hesaplanırsa bu kez artış yüzde 17.18 veya 19,18 şeklinde olacak. Bu da yeni asgari ücret hakkında bir fikir sahibi olmamızı sağlayacak.
-Asgari ücret enflasyon arttı 3 puan refah artışı zam mı yüzde 17.18
-Buna göre brüt asgari ücret : 3.448,60 TL
-Buna göre net asgari ücret: 2.724 TL Asgari ücrette 5 puanlık refah artışı olursa zam yüzde 19.18 olacak
-Buna göre brüt asgari ücret: 3.507,46 TL
-Buna göre net asgari ücret: 2.769,75 TL
Sizce TÜİK'in açıkladığı veri, işvereni tatmin eder mi? İşverenin beklentisi ne yönde? Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK ) veya Hazine Maliye Bakanlığı ya da diğer kurumlar her yıl komisyona gelerek sunumlar yapıyor. Bu yılda TÜİK bekar bir işçinin bir aylık geçim rakamlarımı komisyonla paylaştı. Bu durum sanki TÜİK bir asgari ücret teklifi yapmış gibi algılandı oysa böyle bir şey yok. Ücreti komisyon belirliyor TÜİK teknik bir çalışma ile ücret değil geçin rakamını sunuyor. Bu rakamın bekar bir işçi düşünülerek hazırlanması haklı olarak işçi tarafının itirazına yol açıyor. Asgari ücret belirlenirken sadece bekar bir işçi değil ailesini geçindiren işçiler de düşünülecektir. Tabi asgari ücreti verecek olan işverenin maliyeti rekabet şartları istihdam ın korunması da masada tartışılacaktır.
*Asgari ücrette son 10 yıldaki artışlara baktığımız zaman enflasyonun yüzde 3'ü yada 5'i kadar artış yapıldığı göze çarpıyor. Sizce 2021 yılında da buna bağlı olarak bir artış söz konusu olur mu? Son 10 yıldaki artışlarla ilgili tahmini hesaplamayı yapmıştım. Şimdiye kadar bu oldu bu senede bu olacak demek doğru olmaz ama enflasyon un üzerinde olacağı kesin diyebiliriz. Son 10 yılda örneğin 2016 da bir istisna olmuş ve net asgari ücret 1000 liradan 1.300 liraya çıkmış yüzde 30 artış yapılmıştı. Önümüzdeki hafta rakamı öğreneceğimizi düşünüyorum.
Geçtiğimiz yıl asgari ücret belirlenirken koronavirüs salgını ülkemizde yoktu. Bu yılki ücret belirlenmesinde pandemi döneminin etkisi ne yönde olur? Bu yıl tüm dünya küresel bir salgınla mücadele ediyor. Bu ekonomileri derğnden etkiliyor. Ülkemizde bundan etkilemdi alınan tedbirlerle en az hasarla ülkelerden biri olduk ki yılı pozitif büyüme ile kapatacağımızı düşünüyorum. Salgının etkisiyle gerek işverenlerin gerekse çalışanların gelirleri düştü istihdam ın korunmadı ve ilave istihdam önem kazandı ki bununla ilgili teşvikler peş peşe çıkıyor. O yüzden bu yıl pandeminin etkisinin asgari ücret görüşmelerine yansıması kaçınılmaz. İki taraflı da gelir kaybının önlenmesi adına tedbirler alınabileceğini örneğin vergi veya teşvikle ilgili düşünüyorum.
Asgari ücrete yapılacak olan zam ile birlikte başka hangi ödemelerde değişiklik görülecek? Asgari ücret aslında bir maaş kriteri olmasının yanında birçok ödeme ve ücretin sınırlarını belirleyen bir gösterge rakamı olarak da kullanılıyor. Halen asgari ücret 2 bin 324, brüt 2 bin 943 lira olarak uygulanıyor. Sosyal güvenlik prim gelirlerini etkileyen temel gösterge asgari ücret pazarlığında 'yaşam maliyeti, salgınla mücadele dönemi, gerçekleşen enflasyon ve hedef enflasyon, refah payı' olmak üzere 5 parametre ön plana çıkacak. NELERİ ETKİLİYOR? ● TAZMİNAT MİKTARI: Asgari ücret artışı bu maaşla çalışanların kıdem tazminatlarını artırırken işçilere ödenen tazminat tavanı da artacak. Böylece çalışanlar daha fazla tazminat alacak. ● İŞ GÖREMEZLİK ÖDENEĞİ: Raporlu olanlara ödenen iş göremezlik ödeneğinin de alt sınırı böylece asgari ücretle birlikte artmış olacak. ● TÜM ÇALIŞANLARIN ASGARİ GEÇİM İNDİRİMİ: Yaklaşık 25 milyon çalışana ödenen Asgari Geçim İndirimi de Ocak ayı ile birlikte yükselecek.
● İŞSİZLİK MAAŞI: İşsizlik maaşının alt ve üst sınırları brüt asgari ücret e göre belirleniyor. Alt sınır asgari ücretin yüzde 40'ı üst sınır ise yüzde 80'i oluyor. Zam la birlikte ödenekler de artacak. ● DOĞUM, ASKERLİK BORÇLANMASI: Emeklilik için gün satın alanlar yani borçlananlar brüt asgari ücretin yüzde 32'si kadar aylık ödeme yapıyor. Bu miktar da yükselecek. ● BAĞ-KUR, İSTEĞE BAĞLI, GÜNDELİKÇİ PRİMLERİ: Kendi namına çalışanlar ile isteğe bağlı sigorta ödeyenlerin prim ödemeleri de asgari ücretle birlikte yükselecek. ● GENEL SAĞLIK SİGORTASI PRİMİ: Brüt asgari ücretin yüzde 3'ü kadar olan GSS primi zamla birlikte yükselecek. ● YAŞLILIK, EVDE BAKIM, ENGELLİ MAAŞINDAN YARARLANMAK İÇİN GELİR SINIRI: Bu tür sosyal ödemelerin verilmesi için haneye giren gelir miktarı da asgari ücretle belirleniyor. Böylece bu rakamlar da yükselecek.
● KISA ÇALIŞMA ÖDENEĞİ: Kısa çalışma ödeneği maaşın yüzde 60'ı kadar oluyor. Dolaylısıyla en düşük ödenek brüt asgari ücret e göre belirleniyor. En yüksek ödenek ise brüt asgari ücretin yüzde 150'si kadar oluyor. Bu yüzden kısa çalışma ödeneği de asgari ücretle birlikte artacak.
Asgari ücretin işverene maliyeti tahmini ne kadar olacak? Asgari ücret, halen bekar bir işçi için aylık brüt 2 bin 943 lira, vergiler ve kesintiler düştüğünde net 2 bin 324 lira 71 kuruş olarak uygulanıyor. Apartman görevlileri için ise normal işçilerden farklı olarak gelir ve damga vergileri kesilmediği için net 2 bin 501 lira 55 kuruş olarak hesaplanıyor.
Asgari ücretin işverene toplam maliyeti, bir işçi için 3 bin 458 lira. Bunun 2 bin 943 lirasını brüt asgari ücret, 456 lira 17 kuruşunu sosyal güvenlik primi, 58 lira 86 kuruşunu işveren işsizlik sigorta fonu oluşturuyor. Asgari ücrete yapılacak zam bu maliyeti artış oranında yükseltecek.
HÜKÜMET ASGARİ ÜCRETTE HAKEM ROLÜNDE Sosyal medyada asgari ücreti hükümetin belirlediğine yönelik bir algı var. Bunu nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz? Asgari ücreti 15 kişilik komisyon belirliyor burada 5 kişi işçi 5 kişi işveren 5 kişi de hükümet temsilcisi oluyor. Burada taraflar işçi ve işveren. İşçi alacağı ücreti işveren vereceği ücreti belirlemek için masada bulunuyor. Dolayısıyla hükümet burada taraf değil bir hakem konumunda. Parayı verecek ile alacak arasındaki uzlaşıyı sağlıyor. Asgari ücreti hükümet değil işçi ve işverenin karşılıklı görüşmesi belirliyor. Oysa toplu sözleşmede yani memurlar için yapılan görüşmelerde hükümet kamu işveren olarak taraf oluyor. Asgari ücrette ise hakem rolünde.
SON TOPLANTI 28 ARALIK PAZARTESİ Son olarak Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanı Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk; Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu'nun son toplantısı olacak olan 4. toplantının 28 Aralık Pazartesi günü yapılacağını bildirdi.
2020 ASGARİ ÜCRET NE KADAR? Asgari ücret, halen bekar bir işçi için aylık brüt 2 bin 943 lira, vergiler ve kesintiler düştüğünde net 2 bin 324 lira 71 kuruş olarak uygulanıyor. Apartman görevlileri için ise normal işçilerden farklı olarak gelir ve damga vergileri kesilmediği için net 2 bin 501 lira 55 kuruş olarak hesaplanıyor.
Asgari ücretin işverene toplam maliyeti, bir işçi için 3 bin 458 lira. Bunun 2 bin 943 lirasını brüt asgari ücret, 456 lira 17 kuruşunu sosyal güvenlik primi, 58 lira 86 kuruşunu işveren işsizlik sigorta fonu oluşturuyor. TAKVİM.COM.TR / AHMET ZEREN