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Tüm çalışanları kapsıyor! Aman sakın riske atmayın! Evet bu başlıkta kıdem tazminatı ile alakalı doğru bilgileri sayfamızda veriyoruz. Kıdem tazminatı olağanda emeklilik te, patron işten attığında veya haklı sebeple çalışanın iş akdini feshetmesi gidişatında ödenir. İş akdini evvel feshedip ertesi gün SGK 'dan yazıyı getirseler de senelerin birikimi olan kıdem tazminat ı haklarını yitirirler. Çalışanların kıdem tazminatı yazısı alabilmek için işyerinin bağlı bulunduğu sosyal güvenlik il müdürlüğü veya merkezine başvurmaları gerekir. Ancak, yaş dışındaki emeklilik koşullarını yerine getirenler de kıdem tazminatı alabilirler.
2021 KIDEM TAZMİNATI AÇIKLANDI!
İş göremezlik ödeneğine asgari ücrete yapılan yüzde 21.56 oranında zam geldi.
Kıdem tazminatı tavan fiyatı 8651,62 TL oldu.
Doğum ve askerlik borçlanması günlük en düşük 31.39 liradan 38.15 liraya, en yüksek ise 235.44 liradan 286.20 liraya yükseldi.
Genel sağlık sigortası primi 88.29 liradan 107.32 liraya çıktı.
Yaşlılık aylığı 711.5 liradan 864.89 liraya, engellilere ödenen aylık 851.95 liradan 1035.63 liraya yükseldi.
KIDEM TAZMİNATI NEDİR?
İş Kanunu 'nda belirtildiği üzere, en az 1 yıl süre ile aynı iş yerinde çalışmış olan çalışanın, aşağıda saydığımız hallerin herhangi birine dayanarak işten çıkması halinde, işveren tarafından çalışana ödenecek tazminat a "Kıdem Tazminatı " denilmektedir.
EN AZ 1 YIL ÇALIŞMAK GEREKİYOR
Kıdem tazminatı almak için bazı şartlar bulunuyor:
*Son iş yerinde kesintisiz en az 1 yıl çalışmış olmak gerekiyor. *İstisnalar hariç işyerinden kendi istek ve kusurunuz dışında ayrılmak gerekiyor.
İSTİFA EDENLER DE ALABİLİYOR *Kıdem tazminatı alabilmek için istifa etmemek gerekiyor. Ancak bazı durumlarda kendi isteği ile ayrılanlar da kıdem tazminatı alabiliyor. 1) Askere gidecek olan erkek çalışanlar son 1 yıldır aynı işyerinde olmak şartıyla tazminat alabiliyor. 2) Yeni evlenen kadın çalışanlar evliliğin üzerinden 1 yıl geçmeden ayrılarak tazminat alabiliyor 3) Emekliliği gelen çalışanlar emeklilik için ayrılarak tazminat alabiliyor 4) 9 Eylül 1999 öncesi sigortalı olanlar 15 yıl 3600 gün doldurmuş olduklarına dair yazı alarak tazminatlarıyla ayrılabiliyor 5) 9 Eylül 1999 ve sonrasında sigortalı olanlar 25 yıl 4500 gün, ya da 7 bin günü tamamlayarak tazminatlarıyla ayrılabiliyor 6) İş kanunu 24. Maddesi gereğince haklı fesih ile iş akdini sona erdirenler de tazminatlarını alarak ayrılabiliyor.
HESAPLARKEN DİKKAT Kıdem tazminatı hesaplanırken son brüt maaş üzerinden ödeme yapılıyor. Her yıl için bir brüt maaş olmak üzere çalışılan süre kadar hesaplama yapılıp ödeniyor.
1999 SONRASI İÇİN İKİ KRİTERDEN BİRİNİ YERİNE GETİRMEK GEREKİYOR Buna göre, 8 Eylül 1999 tarihinden önce sigortalı çalışmaya başlayanların kendi istekleriyle ayrıldıklarında kıdem tazminatı alabilmeleri için 15 yıl sigortalılık süresini ve en az 3600 prim gününü doldurmaları gerekiyor. 8 Eylül 1999 tarihinden sonra çalışmaya başlayanlar için ise 506 Sayılı eski Sosyal Sigortalar Kanunu'nun 60'ıncı maddesinin birinci fıkrasının (A) bendinin (a) ve (b) alt bentlerinde öngörülen yaşlar dışında kalan sigortalılık süresi ile prim ödeme gün sayısı koşullarını en erken yerine getirdikleri tarihe bakılıyor. Kanundaki (a) alt bendi, 4/a kapsamındaki sigortalıların en az 7000 prim günüyle; (b) alt bendi ise 25 yıl sigortalılık süresi ve 4500 prim günüyle kadınların 58, erkeklerin 60 yaşında emekli olabilmelerini düzenliyor.
Bu durumda, 8 Eylül 1999 sonrası ilk defa sigortalı çalışmaya başlayanların kendi istekleriyle işten ayrıldıklarında kıdem tazminatı alabilmek için ya 25 yıl sigortalılık süresi ve 4500 prim gününü ya da sigortalılık süresine bakılmaksızın 7000 prim gününü doldurmaları gerekiyor. 8 Eylül 1999'dan sonra işe girenler için 25 yıl sigortalılık süresi 8 Eylül 2024 tarihinde dolacağı için, bu kişiler 4500 prim gününü doldurdukları halde 2024 yılına kadar 25 yıl sigortalılık süresi koşulunu yerine getiremedikleri için kıdem tazminatı alamayacaklar. Ancak, 1999'dan sonra işe girip 7000 prim gününü dolduranlar kendi istekleriyle işten ayrıldıklarında kıdem tazminat ını alabilirler.
ÖNCE SGK'DAN YAZI, SONRA İSTİFA Çalışanların bu haktan yararlanayım derken kıdem tazminatı haklarını tümüyle yitirmeleri riski de vardır. O nedenle mevzuata uygun hareket etmeleri gerekir. Bir defa SGK 'dan kıdem tazminatı yazısı almadan kesinlikle iş akdini feshetmemeleri gerekir. İş akdini önce feshedip ertesi gün SGK'dan yazıyı getirseler de yılların birikimi olan kıdem tazminat ı haklarını yitirirler. Çalışanların kıdem tazminatı yazısı alabilmek için işyerinin bağlı bulunduğu sosyal güvenlik il müdürlüğü veya merkezine başvurmaları gerekir
BAĞ-KUR VEYA MEMURİYET SÜRELERİ DE DİKKATE ALINIR SGK, başvuran kişinin kıdem tazminatı almaya hak kazanıp kazanmadığını tespit ederken, gerek sigortalılık süresi, gerekse prim gün koşulunun tespitinde hizmet birleştirmeleri ile bu süreleri etkileyen itibari hizmet süresi, fiili hizmet süresi zammı gibi faktörleri de dikkate alır. Hizmet birleştirmesinde BAĞ-KUR'lu veya memur olarak Emekli Sandığı iştirakçisi olarak geçirilen süreler de hesaba katılır. Kıdem tazminatına esas yazının verilebilmesi için son çalışma statüsünün 4/a (SSK) kapsamında olması gerekir. Yıpranmaya tabi işlerde çalışanların yıpranma süreleri de hesaplamaya dahil edilir.
15 YIL 3600 GÜN ŞARTI
Bu haktan faydalanmak isteyen çalışanların Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu'na başvuru yaparak kıdem tazminat yazısı almaları gerekmektedir. 8.9.1999 tarihinden önce işe başlayanlar için yaş haddinden emekli olabilmeleri için aranan prim ödeme gün sayısı 3600 ve sigortalılık süresi 15 yıl olduğu için 8.9.1999 tarihinden önce sigortalı olanlar bu süreleri tamamlamaları halinde Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu'na başvuru yaparak ilgili yazıyı alabilmektedirler.
7000 GÜN PRİM ÖDENMESİ ŞARTI
Genel olarak çalışanlar 15 yıl sigortalılık süresi ve 3600 gün prim ödemesi ile tazminat hakkına sahip olabileceklerini düşünmektedirler. Ancak bu koşul yukarıda da belirttiğim gibi 8.9.1999 tarihinden önce sigortalı işe başlayanalar için geçerlidir. Bu tarihten sonra işe başlayanlar için yaş haddinden emeklilik şartları değişmiştir.
8.9.1999 tarihinden sonra işe başlayanların Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu'na başvuru yaparak tazminat yazısı alabilmeleri için iki farklı koşul aranmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi prim ödeme gün sayısının 7000 olmasıdır. Bugün itibariyle bakarsak 2001 yılından önce işe başlayarak bilfiil çalışan sigortalılar ilgili yazıyı almaya hak kazanmış bulunmaktadır.
25 YIL 4500 GÜN
8.9.1999 tarihinden sonra işe başlayanların kendi istekleriyle işten ayrılarak kıdem tazminatı nı hak edebilmeleri için yerine getirebilecekleri bir diğer şart ise 25 yıl sigortalılık süresi ve 4500 prim ödeme gün sayısına sahip olmalarıdır.
KIDEM TAZMİNATI NASIL HESAPLANIR?
Kıdem tazminatı , son iş yerinde çalışılan her tam yıl için 30 günlük son brüt ücret üzerinden hesaplanmaktadır. Tam yıl dışında kalan süre için ise, 30 gün üzerinden oranlama yapılarak tazminat miktarı hesaplanır. Burada bilinmesi gereken bir konu; kıdem tazminatı nın tavan tutarıdır. 2020 yılı ikinci yarısı için belirlenen kıdem tazminatı tavan tutarı 7.117, 17 TL'dir. Yani brüt ücreti bu rakamdan yüksek olan işçilerin alabileceği tazminat yıllık olarak bu tutarda olacaktır.
KIDEM TAZMİNATI HESAPLAMA İŞLEMİ
Çalışanın çalıştığı toplam süre belirlenir.
Çalışanın çalıştığı toplam yıl sayısı ile aldığı son brüt ücret (yol, yemek ve diğer yan ödemelerle birlikte) çarpılır. Tam yıl sürenin dışında kalan sürenin toplam gün sayısı belirlenir ve günlük brüt ücretle çarpılır. Ortaya çıkan tutardan %0,759 oranında damga vergisi kesilir ve geriye kalan tutar, kıdem tazminatı tutarını gösterir ve çalışana bu tutar ödenir.
KISA ÇALIŞMA DÖNEMİ İÇİN ÇALIŞAN KIDEM TAZMİNATI ALABİLİR Mİ? 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu 'nun 55. maddesinde düzenlenen yıllık izin bakımından çalışılmış sayılan hallerde "Çalışmakta olduğu işyerinde zorlayıcı sebepler yüzünden işin aralıksız bir haftadan çok tatil edilmesi sonucu olarak işçinin çalışmadan geçirdiği zamanın 15 günü (işçinin yeniden işe başlaması şartıyla) ve kısa çalışma süreleri de dahildir. Bu yıllık izin düzenlemesi kıyasen kıdem süresi için uygulanacak olup, kısa çalışma süresinden yararlanamayan iş sözleşmesi askıda olan işçinin kısa çalışma ödeneği aldığı süreler kıdem süresinden sayılacaktır." Kısa çalışma ödeneği alınmaya devam edilen süreler kıdem tazminatı süresi hesaplanırken dikkate alınacaktır.
ÜCRETSİZ İZİN KIDEM TAZMİNATI HESABINA DAHİL EDİLİR Mİ? İş Kanunu'nda yıllık izin ve kıdem tazminatı hesabında çalışılmış gibi sayılan süreler arasında kısa çalışma süreleri sayılıyor ama ücretsiz izin günleri sayılmıyor. Ancak, maddenin (j) bendinde, 'işveren tarafından verilen diğer izinlerin' de dikkate alınacağı belirtiliyor. Pandemi ücretsiz izinleri işçinin iradesi dışında ve doğrudan işverenin tasarrufuyla kullandırılan izinlerdir. Bu dönemde kullandırılan ücretsiz izinlerin (j) bendi kapsamında değerlendirilip yıllık izin ve kıdem tazminat ı hesabında dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.