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Aralık ayının son günlerine gelirken 2023 yılında asgari ücretin ne kadar olacağı da merak konusu oldu. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanı Bilgin, "Salı günü asgari ücret görüşmesinde ortak bir uzlaşma sağlanacağına inanıyorum" açıklamasında bulunmuştu. Kritik açıklama sonrası gözler bugünkü toplantıya çevrildi.
ASGARİ ÜCRET 2023 TOPLANTISI NE ZAMAN, SAAT KAÇTA?
Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu , yeni yılda geçerli olacak asgari ücretin belirlenmesi için ilk toplantısını 7 Aralık, ikinci toplantısı ise 14 Aralık'ta gerçekleştirildi. Asgari ücret pazarlığı için 3. toplantı da 20 Aralık 2022 bugün saat 14.00'te gerçekleştirecek. İlk toplantıda yapılan açıklamada, ''İşçi ya da işveren olmayan çeşitli mesleklerden vatandaşların oluşturduğu kamuoyunun 2023 yılı asgari ücreti için ortak beklentisi 7 bin 845 lira oldu'' denilmişti.
ASGARİ ÜCRET NE KADAR, KAÇ TL OLACAK?
Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanı Vedat Bilgin, bir önceki gün yaptığı açıklamada, şunları kaydetti; ''Yarın asgari ücret toplantısı var toplantıdan sonra uzlaşmaya varacağımızı daha önce dile getirdim. Ümit ediyorum hem işçilerimizin beklentilerini hem de işverenlerimizin ödeyebileceği bir sınırdaki bir beklentiyi gerçekleştirmiş oluruz.
"ÇALIŞANLARIN DAHA FAZLA BEKLENTİLERİ VAR"
Yanında eleman çalıştıran esnafa da sordum doğrudan doğruya çalışan çocuklara da sordum. Tabi çalışanların daha fazla beklentileri var.
Esnafta ödeyebileceğimiz bir şey yapın iş yerimiz açık kalsın diyor. Biz burada enflasyonist ortamda Türkiye'nin çalışanlarının rahat edebileceği rahat nefes alabileceği enflasyonun baskısından kurtulmayı hissettikleri bir rakam olmasını ümit ediyorum."
SENDİKALARIN ASGARİ ÜCRET 2023 BEKLENTİLERİ
Türk-İş Genel Başkanı Ergün Atalay, ''Asgari ücret zam pazarlığına 7. 785 TL'den başlayacağız.'' ifadelerini kullandı.
DİSK talebini 13.200 TL olarak açıklarken,
TİSK Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Özgür Burak Akkol, "her zaman ifade ediyoruz. Asgari ücret taban ücrettir. Makul olması gerekir. İmkanı ve gücü olan işverenlerimizi, bunun üzerinde ücretler vermeye de teşvik ediyoruz.'' dedi.
Hak-İş asgari ücret beklentisini 10 bin lira olarak duyurdu.
ASGARİ ÜCRET ŞU AN(2022) NE KADAR?
Asgari ücret, bir işçi için aylık brüt 6 bin 471 lira, vergiler ve kesintiler düştüğünde net 5 bin 500 lira 35 kuruş olarak uygulanıyor. Asgari ücretin işverene toplam maliyeti, bir işçi için 7 bin 603 lira 43 kuruş.
5 SORUDA ASGARİ ÜCRET SÜRECİ
Asgari ücretin belirlenmesi süreciyle ilgili merak edilenler 5 soruda derlendi.
👉Asgari ücret nedir?
İşçilere normal bir çalışma günü karşılığı ödenen ve işçinin gıda, konut, giyim, sağlık, ulaşım ve kültür gibi zorunlu ihtiyaçlarını günün fiyatları üzerinden asgari düzeyde karşılamaya yetecek ücrettir.
Asgari ücret, ilk kez 1890'da Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda'da uygulanmaya başlandı. 1900'lü yılların başından itibaren Avrupa'ya da yayıldı. Sonraki dönemde tüm dünyada emeği koruyan bir standarda dönüştü.
Türkiye'de ise asgari ücret 1936 tarihli İş Kanunu ile mevzuata girmesine rağmen 1951'e kadar uygulanmadı. 1951-1967 yılları arasında mahalli komisyonlarca belirlendi. Bugün geçerli olan Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu uygulamasına ise 1967 yılından sonra geçildi.
Bu dönemde bölgesel asgari ücret tespiti 1969, 1972 ve 1973 yıllarında yapıldı. 1974 yılından itibaren sanayi ve tarım sektörü olarak ulusal düzeyde asgari ücret, Komisyon aracığıyla belirlendi. 1989 yılından itibaren ise tarım-sanayi ayırımı da kaldırılarak tek asgari ücret uygulanmaya başlandı.
👉Mevcut asgari ücret ne kadar ve kimleri ilgilendiriyor?
Asgari ücret, bir işçi için aylık brüt 6 bin 471 lira, vergiler ve kesintiler düştüğünde net 5 bin 500 lira 35 kuruş olarak uygulanıyor. Asgari ücretin işverene toplam maliyeti, bir işçi için 7 bin 603 lira 43 kuruş. Bunun 6 bin 471 lirasını brüt asgari ücret, 1003 lira 1 kuruşunu sosyal güvenlik primi, 129 lira 42 kuruşunu işveren işsizlik sigorta primi oluşturuyor.
2022 yılı asgari ücretiyle tüm ücretlerden asgari ücret kadar olan kısım gelir vergisinden muaf tutulmaya başlanmıştı.
Resmi rakamlara göre, 16 milyon 687 bin çalışanın yüzde 38'i yani yaklaşık 6 milyon 300 bini asgari ücretli durumunda bulunuyor. Asgari ücretin biraz üzerinde (komşu) ücret alanlar da göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bu sayının 7 milyonu aştığı tahmin ediliyor.
Asgari ücretteki artış, toplu iş sözleşmesi uygulanan iş yerlerindeki ücretler başta olmak üzere, tüm ücretleri de artırıcı bir etkiye sahip.
Asgari ücret, bu ücretle geçinen çalışanları doğrudan etkilemesinin yanında, yasal mevzuattaki birçok düzenlemede ölçü olarak kabul edilmesi bakımından da toplumun büyük bölümünü ilgilendiriyor.
Asgari ücret rakamı; işsizlik maaşı, kıdem tazminatı, GSS primleri, askerlik ve doğum borçlanması, isteğe bağlı sigorta primleri, staj ücretleri, asgari ücretlilerin rapor ücretlerinin de aralarında olduğu birçok kalemi etkiliyor.
👉Asgari ücret nasıl belirleniyor?
Asgari ücreti, yasa gereği işçi, işveren ve hükümetten beşer temsilci olmak üzere 15 kişiden oluşan Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu belirliyor. Komisyon, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanı tarafından toplantıya çağrılıyor ve yeni asgari ücreti belirleme çalışmaları kapsamında teamül üzerine aralık ayında dört kez toplanıyor.
Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığının belirlediği üyelerden birinin başkanlık ettiği komisyon, en az 10 üyenin katılımıyla toplanıp oy çokluğuyla karar veriyor. Oyların eşitliği halinde Komisyon başkanın bulunduğu tarafın çoğunluğu sağladığı kabul ediliyor.
👉İşçi ve işveren kesimi ne istiyor?
Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu nda işçi kesimini en fazla üyeye sahip işçi konfederasyonu olduğu için TÜRK-İŞ, işveren tarafını ise Türkiye İşveren Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (TİSK) temsil ediyor.
TÜRK-İŞ, öncelikle zam pazarlığının Açlık ve Yoksulluk Sınırı Araştırmasının kasım ayına ait açlık sınırı verisi olan 7 bin 785 lira üzerinden başlamasını istiyor. Bunun yanında, refahtan pay ile enflasyona karşı satın alma gücünün korunmasını talep ediyor. Bu rakamsal talebin yanında, gelir vergisi dilimlerinin çalışanlar lehine düzenlenmesi ve sendikal örgütlenmenin önündeki engellerinde kaldırılması da TÜRK-İŞ'in pazarlık masasına taşıdığı konular arasında bulunuyor.
TİSK ise asgari ücrete dair bir rakam paylaşmamakla birlikte, temel olarak işçilerin ve işverenlerin gözetildiği dengeli bir asgari ücretten yana tutum sergiliyor. Yeni asgari ücret rakamında, istihdamın korunmasının, yeni istihdam yaratılmasının ve işletmelerin rekabet gücünün dikkate alınmasını isteyen TİSK, asgari ücret işveren desteğinin 2023'te de devam etmesini talep ediyor.
👉2023 yılı asgari ücretini belirleme çalışması ne aşamada?
Yeni yılda geçerli olacak asgari ücret rakamını belirleme çalışmaları kapsamında ilk toplantı 7 Aralık'ta Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığının ev sahipliğinde yapıldı. Görüşmelerin çerçevesinin belirlendiği bu toplantıda, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığınca yaptırılan asgari ücret anketinin sonuçları açıklandı. Bu ankete göre, işçi ya da işveren olmayan çeşitli mesleklere sahip katılımcıların 2023 yılı asgari ücret beklentisi 7 bin 845 lira oldu.
Görüşmeler kapsamında ikinci toplantı yine Bakanlığın ev sahipliğinde 14 Aralık'ta yapıldı. Basına kapalı yaklaşık 2,5 saat süren bu toplantıda, Hazine ve Maliye ile Ticaret bakanlıkları ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) temsilcileri ekonomik verilere dair sunum yaptı.
Görüşmelerde en kritik nitelikteki üçüncü toplantı 20 Aralık Salı günü Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı'nda yapılacak. Bu toplantıda taraflarca telaffuz edilecek ilk rakamlar masada olacak.
Üçüncü toplantının ardından dördüncü toplantının da en kısa sürede yapılması ve 2023'te geçerli olacak asgari ücret rakamının önümüzdeki günlerde belirlenmesi bekleniyor.