Türkiye'de sanayinin en büyük problemi haline gelen hatta üretim kapasitesini dahi tehdit etmeye başlayan eleman açığı sorunu diğer sektörlere de sıçradı.
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Türkiye'de sanayinin en büyük problemi haline gelen hatta üretim kapasitesini dahi tehdit etmeye başlayan eleman açığı sorunu diğer sektörlere de sıçradı.
Son dönemde özel sektör en çok özel güvenlikçi, turizm-otelcilik elemanı, reyon görevlisi, konfeksiyon işçisi, garson, ve satış elemanı arıyor. İŞKUR'un nisan istatistiklerine göre, ağırlığı özel sektörden oluşan işverenlerin 230 bin elemana ihtiyacı var.
Verilerle ortaya çıkan açık iş istatistikleri, işgücü piyasası açısından öncü bir gösterge niteliği taşıyor. Bu istatistiklerle, politika yapıcılar istihdam ve eğitim politikalarına yön verebiliyor, gençlere de iş becerileri programları açılarak kolay istihdam edilebilecekleri meslekler sunulmuş oluyor.
SEKTÖRDE İMALAT ÖNDE
Türkiye'de özellikle gençlerin son dönemde emek yoğun işlere olan talebi azaldı. Bu da birçok sektörde işçi sıkıntısını ortaya çıkardı. Özellikle tekstil başta olmak üzere makine, inşaat, imalat gibi emek yoğun sektörlerde ara eleman açığı büyümeye devam ediyor. İstatistiklere göre, imalat sanayisinde ilk 4 ayda eleman açığı sayısı 341 bini geçti. Onu idari hizmet faaliyetleri izliyor. Bu sektörde de 128 bin 468 açık iş pozisyonu var. Toptan ve perakende ticaret sektöründe de 113 bin 509 eleman açığı var.
ÖZEL GÜVENLİK İLK SIRADA
Mesleklere bakıldığında ise sadece nisanda en çok açık iş pozisyonunun özel güvenlik görevlisinde olduğu görülüyor. Eleman açığının en yüksek olduğu ikinci meslek grubu ise turizm ve otelcilik. Yaz aylarının da yaklaşmasıyla birlikte otellerde ve turizm tesislerinde eleman açığı artmış durumda. İşverenlerin İŞKUR'a bildirdiği verilere göre, bu meslek grubunda 22 bine yakın eleman aranıyor. Reyon görevlisi pozisyonunda 16 bin 790, konfeksiyon işçisi pozisyonunda 16 bin 210, garson pozisyonunda ise 20 bin açık iş var.
KADROLARIN YARISI BOŞ
İstatistiklere göre, nisanda, 63 bin 105'i erkek, 37 bin 496'sı kadın olmak üzere nisanda 100 bin 601 kişi işe yerleşti. İlk 4 ayda işe yerleştirilen kişi sayısı 435 bini geçti. İŞKUR'a bildirilen eleman açığı sayısı ise 856 bin. Yani açık pozisyonların sadece yarısı dolmuş durumda.
Güvenlik Servisleri Organizasyon Derneği Yüksek İstişare Kurulu Üyesi Murat Kösereisoğlu, "Genellikle Marmara Bölgesi'nde işgücü açığımız var. Asgari ücretin yüzde 50-80 üstünde para veriliyor. İş koşullarına, vardiya saatlerine, yan haklara bağlı olarak talep değişiyor. Aslında şu anda hem talep hem de ihtiyaç var. Fakat bazı yerlerde talep ve ihtiyaç buluşmakta zorluk çekiyor. Türkiye'de özel güvenlik sektöründe yüzde 15'lik bir istihdam açığı var. Turizmin ilerlemesine bağlı olarak Akdeniz ve Ege'de de özel güvenlik sektöründe eleman arayışı artmaya devam edecek. İç Anadolu, Çukurova ve Karadeniz'de maaşlar asgari ücretin yüzde 10-15 üzerinde." ifadelerini kullandı.
TURYİD Yönetim Kurulu Üyesi Nuri Develi, "Şu an yeme-içme sektöründe servis elemanı bulmakta sıkıntı çekiyoruz. Bu dönem, şehir restoranları için daha zor bir dönem... Sahil restoranları hareketlenince personel o bölgelere gidiyor. Bu konuda acilen meslek okulları üzerinden çözüm üretilmesi gerekiyor. Üniversiteler ve liselerde eğitimler artırılmalı. Garsonluğa yeni başlayanların bile maaşları 20 bin TL. Bugün tecrübeli bir garson ekstra kazançlarıyla birlikte 30 bin TL'nin üzerinde kazanıyor. Bu rakam niteliğine göre 50 bin TL'yi de geçebiliyor. Asgari ücret bu sektörde söz konusu değil." dedi.
ELEMAN AÇIĞININ EN ÇOK YAŞANDIĞI SEKTÖR KAFE VE RESTORANLAR
Türkiye'deki eleman açığı sorununun en çok yaşandığı sektörlerden birisi de restoran ve kafeler oldu. Bu sektörde, garson, şef, komi, aşçı gibi alanlarda personel bulunamıyor. Sorunun büyüyerek devam ettiğini belirten sektör temsilcileri, turizm sezonunun hareketlenmesiyle işletmeler arasında garson savaşları yaşanacağını belirtiyor. Oteller şimdiden İstanbul ve Anadolu'daki garsonları sahil bölgelerine transfer etmeye başladı.
BONSERVİS VAR
Eleman açığı maaşları da artırmış durumda. 60 bin liradan başlayan aylık maaşlar daha lüks mekânlarda 100 bin TL'nin de üzerine çıkıyor. Yaza özel garsonlara teşvik mekanizması istediklerini söyleyen sektör temsilcileri, "Bu yaz hizmet sektörünün ana gündemi garson bulamamak olacak. Deneyimli garsonları bonservis ile transfer eder hale geldik. Türkiye bu yaza tarihinin en çok turist ağırlama rekoruna hazırlanırken istihdam alanında ise çok zorlu bir sınav verecek. Bu nedenle özel bir garson teşviki bekliyoruz" diyor.
ÇALIŞAN KADIN SAYISI ARTIYOR
Hizmet ve sanayi sektörlerindeki istihdam krizine kadın çalışanlar bir nebze ilaç oluyor. Bu yıl hizmet ve sanayide 365 bin kişilik istihdam artışının 201 bini kadınlardan oluştu. Sanayide erkek istihdamı 18 bin azalırken, kadın istihdamı ise 65 bin arttı.
ÇOBANLARIN YILLIK GELİRİ 1 MİLYON TL'NİN ÜZERİNDE
Sabah'ta yer alan habere göre; Bir başka kriz ise tarım sektöründe yaşanıyor. Sürü yöneticisi olarak adlandırılmaya başlayan çoban bulamama krizine hükümet de el atmış durumda. 100'den fazla hayvana sahip sürülerde bakanlık SGK prim desteğine ek olarak bu sene yıllık 30 ila 60 bin liralık teşvik veriyor. Çobanların yıllık geliri ise ilave katkılarla bazı bölgelerde 1 milyon TL'nin üzerine çıktı.