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Kurban keserken uyulması gereken kurallar vardır. İslami şartlara uygun şekilde kesilmesi için gerek bilgileri sizler için araştırdık. Mübarek Kurban Bayramı 'nın gelmesiyle birlikte, internette en çok araştırılan konular arasında, kurban kesilirken edilecek dualar yer alıyor. İşte Kurban kesilirken nasıl niyet edilir ? Hangi dualar edilir? Kurban kesileceği yere eziyet verilmeden götürülür. Hayvanın yüzü ve ayakları kıbleye gelecek şekilde sol tarafı üzerine yatırılır. Sağ arka ayağı serbest bırakılarak, diğer üçü bağlanır ve kıbleye karşı durularak şu âyetler kurban sahibi veya vekili tarafından okunur. Peki kurban kesilirken nasıl niyet edilir? Kurban kesilirken hangi dualar okunur?
KURBAN KESERKEN OKUNACAK DUALAR NELERDİR?
Kurban edilecek hayvan, yüzü kıbleye gelecek şekilde eziyet edilmeden yatırılır, gerekiyorsa ayakları bağlanır ve aşağıdaki şu dua okunur.
Kurban kesileceği yere eziyet verilmeden götürülür. Hayvanın yüzü ve ayakları kıbleye gelecek şekilde sol tarafı üzerine yatırılır. Sağ arka ayağı serbest bırakılarak, diğer üçü bağlanır ve kıbleye karşı durularak şu âyetler kurban sahibi veya vekili tarafından okunur:
(el-En'âm, 79)
Okunuşu: "İnnî veccehtu vechiye lillezî fataras semâvâti vel arda hanîfen ve mâ ene minel muşrikîn."
Anlamı:"Ben hanîf olarak, yüzümü gökleri ve yeri yoktan yaratan Allah'a çevirdim ve ben müşriklerden değilim."
(el-En'âm, 162)
Okunuşu: "İnne salâtî ve nusukî ve mahyâye ve memâtî lillâhi rabbil âlemîn."
Anlamı: "Şüphesiz benim namazım da, diğer ibadetlerim de, yaşamam da, ölümüm de âlemlerin Rabbi Allah içindir."
Bu ayetlerden sonra,
Allahü ekber Allahü ekber. Lâ ilâhe İllâllahü vallahü ekber. Allahü ekber ve lillâhil hamd şeklinde tekbir getirillir ve Bismillahi Allahü Ekber denilerek hazırlanan keskin bıçak hayvanın boynuna çalınır. Damar ve borular tamamen kesilerek kan iyice akıtılır.
Hayvan böylece kesildikten sonra tamamen canı çıkıncaya kadar beklenir. Sonra kafası tamamen kesilir. Ve usûlüne uygun olarak hayvanın derisi yüzülür. Karnı açılır, iç organlar çıkarılır ve gövde ve etler parçalanır.
Hayvan tamamen ölmeden kafa ve ayaklarını koparmak, derisini yüzmeğe kalkmak, kıbleden çevirmek veya hayvana azab vermek mekruhtur. Kurbanın, sahibi tarafından kesilmesi menduptur. Başkasına da kestirilebilir.
KİMLER KURBAN KESMEKLE YÜKÜMLÜDÜR?
Kurban kesmek, akıl sağlığı yerinde, büluğa ermiş (ergen olmuş), dinen zengin sayılacak kadar mal varlığına sahip ve mukim olan her müslümanın yerine getireceği malî bir ibadettir (Merğînânî, el-Hidâye, VII, 148). Temel ihtiyaçlarından ve borcundan başka 80.18 gr altın veya değerinde para ya da eşyaya sahip olan kimselerin kurban kesmesi gerekir (Mevsılî, el-İhtiyâr, IV, 252-256; İbn Âbidîn, Reddü'l-muhtâr, IX, 452-453). Ayrıca kurban mükellefiyeti için aranan nisabın üzerinden, zekâtın aksine bir yıl geçmesi şart değildir.
KURBAN KESERKEN NELERE DİKKAT EDİLMELİDİR?
Kurban keserken aşağıdaki hususlara dikkat edilmelidir: a) Usulüne göre bir kesim yapmış olmak için hayvanın yemek ve nefes borularıyla, iki atardamarından en az birinin kesilmesi gerekir. Bu şekilde yapılan bir kesim sırasında, hayvanın omuriliğinin kesilmesi mekruhtur. Bu konuda etlik kesim ile kurbanlık kesim arasında bir fark yoktur. b) Hayvanın canı çıkmadan başının gövdesinden ayrılmamasına özen gösterilmelidir. c) Kurban edilecek hayvana acı çektirilmemeli ve eziyet edilmemelidir. Bu nedenle hayvanlar ehil kişiler tarafından kesilmeli ve boğazlama işlemi süratli bir şekilde yerine getirilmelidir. d) Çevre temizliği için gerekli tedbirler alınmalıdır. f) Hayvanların bir diğerinin kesimini görecek şekilde yan yana bulundurulmamalarına azami özen gösterilmelidir.
KURBAN BAYRAMI İBADETLERİ
Kurban Bayramı yapılacak ibadetler insanların merakını çekiyor. 4 gün sürece kurban bayramı boyunca yapılacak pek çok ibadet vardır. İşte Kurban Bayramı'nda yapılacak ibadetler;
– İhlas Suresi hatmi yapmak: Bayram boyunca 1000 kez İhlas Suresi okuyarak İhlas Hatmi yapmak bayramdan alınacak fazileti atlayacaktır.
– Kurban kesmek: Durumu olan herkese vacip olan bu ibadet, Kurban Bayramı'nın sebebidir.
– Namaz kılmak: Kurban Bayramı sabahı milyonlarca Müslüman bayram namazına kalkacak. Bayram namazı dışında kaza ve nafile namazlar kılmak da son derece önemlidir.
– Teşrik Tekbiri getirmek: Bu sabah namazından sonra Kurban Bayramı 'nın 4. günü ikindi namazına kadar teşrik tekbirleri getirmek vaciptir.
– Tövbe ve İstiğfar etmek: Tüm önemli dini günlerde olduğu gibi, Kurban Bayramı boyunca Cenab-ı Hak'tan günahlar için af dilemek, günahlardan tövbe etmek ve istiğfar etmek önemlidir.
– Fakir-fukaraya yardım etmek: Kurban etini ihtiyaç sahiplerine pay etmek de bu bayramın önemli amaçlarından biridir.
–Müslümanlar arası bağları güçlendirmek: Eş,dost, akraba ziyaretleri ile Mü'minler arası bağların güçlenmesi bayramların manevi yönünü canlandıracaktır.
KURBAN BAYRAMI NEDİR?
Kurban gerek fert gerekse toplum açısından çeşitli yararlar taşıyan malî bir ibadettir. Kişi kurban kesmekle Allah'ın emrine boyun eğmiş ve kulluk bilincini koruduğunu canlı bir biçimde ortaya koymuş olur. Müminler her kurban kesiminde Hz. İbrâhim ile oğlu İsmâil'in Cenâb-ı Hakk'ın buyruğuna mutlak itaat konusunda verdikleri başarılı sınavın hâtırasını tazelemiş ve kendilerinin de benzeri bir itaate hazır olduğunu simgesel davranışla göstermiş olmaktadır.
Kurban toplumda kardeşlik, yardımlaşma ve dayanışma ruhunu canlı tutar, sosyal adaletin gerçekleşmesine katkıda bulunur. Özellikle et satın alma imkânı hiç bulunmayan veya çok sınırlı olan yoksulların bulunduğu ortamlarda onun bu rolünü daha belirgin biçimde görmek mümkündür. Zengine malını Allah'ın rızâsı, yardımlaşma ve başkalarıyla paylaşma yolunda harcama zevk ve alışkanlığını verir, onu cimrilik hastalığından, dünya malına tutkunluktan kurtarır. Fakirin de varlıklı kullar aracılığıyla Allah'a şükretmesine, dünya nimetinin yeryüzündeki dağılımı konusunda karamsarlık ve düşmanlıktan kendini kurtarmasına ve kendini toplumunun bir üyesi olarak hissetmesine vesile olur.