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Diyanet 2020 takvimi: İlk oruç ne zaman tutulacak? Ramazan hangi gün başlıyor? Soruları müslümanlar tarafından merak ediliyor. 11 ayın sultanı olarak tabir edilen ve milyonlarca Müslümanın heyecanla beklediği Ramazan ayı na artık sayılı günler kaldı. Ramazan Ayı 24 Nisan 2020 Cuma günü başlayacak. Tutulacak oruçların ardından bayram idrak edilecek. Yılın ikinci bayramı olan Kurban Bayramı ise 31 Temmuz 'da başlayacak 3 Ağustos'ta sona erecek. Ramazan ayı boyunca nefsini kontrol etmeyi ve şükretmeyi öğrenen insanlar, Ramazan ayından sonra gelen bayramda ise yoksullara bolca yardım eder ve hem kendi hem evinin temizliğine özen gösterir.
2020 Ramazan ayı hangi gün başlayacak?
Ramazan Ayı ise 24 Nisan 2020 Cuma günü başlayacak. Tutulacak oruçların ardından bayram idrak edilecek. Yılın ikinci bayramı olan Kurban Bayramı ise 31 Temmuz 'da başlayacak 3 Ağustos'ta sona erecek.
Ramazan bayramı ne zaman?
Yeni yıl ın ilk bayramı olacak olan 2020 Ramazan Bayramı 'nın ilk günü 24 Mayıs 2020 Pazar günü olacak. Toplamda 3 gün sürecek olan bayram 25 Mayıs 2020 Pazartesi ve 26 Mayıs 2020 Salı günleri de devam edecek.
23 Mayıs 2020 Cumartesi günü ise Ramazan Bayramı arifesi olacak. Cumartesi gününün de eklenmesiyle birlikte 2020 Ramazan Bayramı tatili toplamda 4 gün olacak.
2020 Diyanet dini günler takvimi
Ramazan Bayramı
Bu durum hicri takvim ile miladi takvim farkından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ramazan ayı hicri takvim ayıdır. Bu sebeple miladi takvimde sürekli farklı tarihe denk gelir.
Hz. ömer (ra) zamanında Hicretin 17. yılında alınan bir kararla Hicretin olduğu sene Hicri Takvimin 1. yılı ve o yılın Muharrem ayı da Hicri Kameri takvimin yılbaşısı kabul edilmek suretiyle, o yıl 1 Muharrem ayının rastladığı 16 Temmuz 622 tarihi de Hicri Kameri Takvimin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Uygulamada Hicri Takvim olarak bu bilinmektedir İslam ülkelerinde kullanılan Hicri takvim Peygamber Efendimiz Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v.)'in M.S. 622'de Mekke'den Medine'ye hicretiyle başlar. Hicri - Kameri takvim, ayın dünyanın etrafında dönüşüne göre tanımlanır.
Bir yıl Muharrem, Safer, Rebiülevvel, Rebiülahir, Cemaziyelevvel, Cemaziyelahir, Recep, Şaban, Ramazan, Şevval, Zilkade ve Zilhicce adı verilen 12 aydan oluşur. Her bir Kameri ay yaklaşık 29.5 gün sürer ve bir Kameri yıl 354 gün olarak elde edilir. Bu nedenle Kameri takvimde 6 adet 29 günlük 6 adet 30 günlük ay bulunur. Hangi ayların 29 ya da 30 gün süreceği ayın fazı göz önünde bulundurularak hesap edilir.
Ancak gerçek Kameri ay 29.5 günden 44 dakika 3 saniye daha uzun olduğundan 12 Kameri ayın belirlediği 354 günlük kuramsal Kameri yıldan 8 saat 48 dakika 36 saniye daha uzundur. 30 yılda bu zaman 11 gün 0 saat 18 dakika 0 saniye olacağından eşzamanlılığı sağlamak için 30 yıl boyunca 19 adet 354 gün süreli ve 11 adet 355 gün süreli sene oluşturulur. 355 günlük seneler son aya bir gün ilave edilerek gerçeklenir. Böylece eşzamanlık sağlanır ve ancak 2400 senede bir takvime tekrar 1 gün ilave etmek gerekir.
Kameri yılın ortalama süresi günlerin yıllara göre dağılımından (19x354+11 x 355) / 30=354 gün 8 saat 48 dakika olarak hesaplanır. Bugün kullanılan güneş yılı yaklaşık 365 gün 5 saat 48 dakika olduğundan Kameri yıl güneş yılından yaklaşık 10 gün 21 saat daha kısadır. Buna göre, 1 Kameri yıl güneş yılının 0.9702 katına, 1 güneş yılı Kameri yılın 1.0307 katına karşı düşer.
Ayrıca hicret 15 Temmuz 622'de gerçekleştiğinden, kameri takvimin miladi takvimine göre 621.536 yıl kadar faz farkı bulunur. Eğer örneğin 1 Ocak 1993'ün hicri takvimdeki karşılığını bulmak istersek, yukarıdaki değerlerden (1992-621.536) x l.0307=1412.5372 buluruz. Hicri takvime göre 1412 yıl geçmiş olduğundan bu tarih hicri 1413 yılına karşı düşer.
Hicri takvimin haricinde Osmanlı devletinde 1678'den sonra maliye ile ilgili işlerde Rumi takvim de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Mali yılın başlangıcı 1 Mart olarak kabul edilir. Rumi yıl 365 gün olup güneş yılına karşı düşen miladi seneyle eş uzunluktadır. Rumi sene her 33 yılda 354 gün olan hicri seneyi bir yıl geçer. Bu farkı gidermek için Rumi seneden her 33 yılda bir hicret yılı düşülür; buna sıvış senesi denir. Her iki takvim arasında ayrıca 13 günlük bir fark bulunur.
Ayrıca Rumi sene miladi 584'te başlatıldığından Rumi seneyi bulmak için Miladi seneden 584 çıkarmak gerekir. Aylar Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos, Eylül, Teşrini-evvel, Teşrini-sani, Kanuni-evvel, Kanuni-sani, Şubat olarak adlandırılır. örneğin Miladi 1 Ocak 1993 tarihi Rumi 19 Kanuni-evvel 1408 tarihine karşı düşer. Osmanlı devletinin sonuna kadar mali işlemlerde kullanılan Rumi sene 1925'te Miladi takvim yılının kabul edilmesi üzerine terk edilmiştir.
2020 DİNİ GÜNLER TAKVİMİ
-Üç ayların başlangıcı 25 Şubat 2020
-Regaip Kandili 27 Şubat 2020
-Miraç Kandili 21 Mart 2020
-Berat Kandili 7 Nisan 2020
-Ramazan ayı başlangıcı 24 Nisan 2020
-Kadir Gecesi 19 Mayıs 2020
-Ramazan Bayramı 24-26 Mayıs 2020
-Kurban Bayramı 31 Temmuz -3 Ağustos 2020
RAMAZAN BAYRAMI VE ÖNEMİ Ramazan bayramının birçok anlamı ve önemi mevcuttur. Ramazan ayı boyunca nefsini kontrol etmeyi ve şükretmeyi öğrenen insanlar, Ramazan ayından sonra gelen bayramda ise yoksullara bolca yardım eder ve hem kendi hem evinin temizliğine özen gösterir. Bu bayramda insanlar birbirlerini ziyaret ederek aradaki bağı daha da güçlendirmeye çalışır. Fitre ve zekat, Ramazan bayramından önce verilerek yardıma muhtaç insanların Ramazan bayramını mutlu geçirmesine yardımcı olunur. Bayramın ilk günü camide kılınan namazın da Müslüman toplumlar için önemi büyüktür. Bu namaz kalabalık bir şekilde kılınır ve namazdan sonra camide hutbe okunur.
ORUCUN ÖNEMİ
Ramazan ayını önemli kılan bir diğer ibadet bu ayda tutulan oruç dur. Allah Bakara suresi 185. ayetinde Ramazan ayında oruç tutulmasını emretmiştir. İslam'ın şartı olarak kabul edilen oruç İslam dininin temelini oluşturur. Ramazan ayında oruç ibadet ve sabır olarak nitelendirilir. Bu ayda insanların oruç tutması, namaz kılması ve haramdan sakınması emredilmiştir. Tüm bunları yerine getirenlerin duaları kabul olacağı buyrulmuştur.
Oruç tutmak çok büyük sevaptır, özürsüz tutmamak ise günah kabul edilir. Ramazan ayında tutulan oruç diğer aylarda tutulan oruçtan bin kat daha sevaptır ve hayırlıdır.
RAMAZAN AYI NASIL GEÇİRİLMELİ?
Ramazan ayını günahlarımızın affı için değerlendirilmeli, gündüzleri ve geceleri, bol bol ibadet edilmelidir. Kuran okunmalı, namaz kılınmalı ve oruç tutulmalıdır. Bu şekilde günahların affı için ibadet edilmelidir.