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Sahur vakti saatleri kaçta ne zaman? 2020 Ramazan ayı sahur bugün saat kaçta , ne zaman? 2020 yılı Ramazan ayı ilk sahuru bugün mü sorusu müslümanlar tarafından oldukça merak ediliyor. 11 Ayın Sultan'ı Ramazan ayı bu gece ilk sahur ile başlayacak. Sahur yemeği, oruç tutacak kişilerin imsak vaktinden önce gece yedikleri yemektir. Ramazan ayıda mümkün olduğu kadar sahur yapmaya gayret etmeliyiz. Sahurların yüksek fazîlet ve kıymeti hakkında Peygamberimizin onlarca hadisi vardır. Diyanet tarafından hazırlanan Ramazan İmsakiyesine il il sahur vakitlerine haberimizde ulaşabilirsiniz. Peki 24 Nisan sahur vakti saatleri kaçta, ne zaman?
İL İL SAHUR SAATLERİ İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ
SAHUR NEDİR?
Sahur yemeği, oruç tutacak kişilerin imsak vaktinden önce gece yedikleri yemektir. Ramazan ayı da mümkün olduğu kadar sahur yapmaya gayret etmeliyiz. Sahurların yüksek fazîlet ve kıymeti hakkında Peygamber Efendimiz şöyle buyurmuşlardır:
Hz. Enes'ten rivayet edildiğine göre Resûlullah şöyle buyurdu:
"Sahur yapınız, zira sahurda bolluk-bereket vardır." (Buhârî, Savm 20; Müslim, Sıyâm 45)
İbni Ömer (r.a.) dedi ki, Resûlullah'ın iki müezzini vardı: Bilâl ve İbni Ümmü Mektûm. Resûlullah şöyle buyurdu:
"Bilâl geceleyin erkence ezan okur. Siz İbni Ümmü Mektûm ezan okuyuncaya kadar yiyip içiniz."
İbni Ömer, "Bu ikisinin arasındaki zaman, biri inip diğeri çıkıncaya kadar geçen vakitten ibaretti" demiştir. (Buhârî, Ezân 11, 13, Şehâdât 11, Savm 17)
Resûlullah, oruç tutarken sahura kalkmayı ve iftarda acele etmeyi tavsiye etmiştir. (Buhârî, Savm, 45; Müslim, Sıyâm, 48; Tirmizî, Savm, 17/708.)
"Gündüzün orucuna sahur yemeği ile gecenin ibadetine de öğle uykusu ile yardımcı olunuz!" (Hâkim, I, 588)
Ebûbekir (r.a.) şöyle buyurur:
"Ramazan'da (Teravih) namazından ayrılıp, hizmetçilerden ale'l-acele sahur yemeği getirmelerini isterdik, çünkü fecrin doğmasından korkardık." (Muvatta', es-Salâtü fî Ramadân, 7)
"….Sakîf temsilcilerine İslâm'ın farzları ve ahkâmı öğretildi. Hz. Peygamber, Ramazan'ın kalan kısmında oruç tutmalarını da onlara emretti. Bilâl-i Habeşi, onların sahur ve iftar yemeklerini yanlarına götürürdü." ( Vâkıdî, III, 968.)
Sahur duası
Kaynaklara göre Hz Muhammed sahur vaktinde şu duayı okurdu: "Ey bu gecenin ve biraz sonra olacak sahurun Rabbi olan Allah'ımız… Bizi iftarlara ulaştırırken günahlarımızdan arınmış olarak orucumuzu açmayı nasip eyle…"
ORUÇ NEDİR?
Oruç Arapça 'da "savm" kelimesiyle ifade edilir. Savm sözlükte nefsi tutmak ve engellemek anlamındadır. İslam dininde oruç, sabahın başlangıcı sayılan ikinci fecirden (tan yerinin ağarmasından) başlayarak güneşin batışına kadarki sürede başka bir deyişle imsaktan iftara kadar ibadet niyetiyle yemekten, içmekten ve cinsel ilişkiden nefsi uzak tutmaktır.
Oruçtan beklenen amacın gerçekleşmesi için dikkat edilmesi gereken şeyler vardır. Kamil anlamda oruç bütün organların iştirakiyle gerçekleşir. Şöyle ki: Oruç tutan kişi mideyi yemek içmekten koruduğu gibi, dili de yalandan, gıybetten, kötü ve boş sözden uzak tutmalı- dır. Göz harama bakmamalı, kusur aramamalıdır. Kulak gıybet, dedikodu ve boş sözler dinlememelidir. Gönül güzel şeyler düşünmelidir. Bilinmelidir ki, organları orucu iştirak etmeyi başaramayan kişi şeklen oruç tutmuşsa da, oruçtan beklenen gayeye bütünüyle ulaşamamış demektir.
RAMAZANLA İLGİLİ AYETLER
Ramazan ayı , insanlara yol gösterici, doğrunun ve doğruyu eğriden ayırmanın açık delilleri olarak Kur'an'ın indirildiği aydır. Öyle ise sizden ramazan ayını idrak edenler onda oruç tutsun. Kim o anda hasta veya yolcu olursa (tutamadığı günler sayısınca) başka günlerde kaza etsin. Allah sizin için kolaylık ister, zorluk istemez. Bütün bunlar, sayıyı tamamlamanız ve size doğru yolu göstermesine karşılık, Allah'ı tazim etmeniz, şükretmeniz içindir. (Bakara Suresi 185)
Ey iman edenler! Allah'a karşı gelmekten sakınmanız için Oruç,sizden öncekilere farz kılındığı gibi,size de farz kılındı. (Bakara Suresi 183)
Oruç, sayılı günlerdedir. Sizden kim hasta, ya da yolculukta olursa, tutamadığı günler sayısınca başka günlerde tutar. Oruca gücü yetmeyenler ise bir yoksul doyumu fidye verir. Bununla birlikte, gönülden kim bir iyilik yaparsa (mesela fidyeyi fazla verirse) o kendisi için daha hayırlıdır. Eğer bilirseniz oruç tutmanız sizin için daha hayırlıdır. (Bakara Suresi 184)
Bunlar, tövbe edenler, ibâdet edenler, hamdedenler, oruç tutanlar , rükû' ve secde edenler, iyiliği emredip kötülükten alıkoyanlar ve Allah'ın koyduğu sınırları hakkıyla koruyanlardır. Mü'minleri müjdele. (Tevbe Suresi 112)
Oruç gecesinde kadınlarınıza yaklaşmak size helâl kılındı. Onlar, size örtüdürler, siz de onlara örtüsünüz. Allah, (Ramazan gecelerinde hanımlarınıza yaklaşarak) kendinize zulmetmekte olduğunuzu bildi de tövbenizi kabul edip sizi affetti. Artık eşlerinize yaklaşın ve Allah'ın sizin için yazıp takdir etmiş olduğu şeyi arayın. Şafağın aydınlığı gecenin karanlığından ayırt edilinceye (tan yeri ağarıncaya) kadar yiyin, için. Sonra da akşama kadar orucu tam tutun. Bununla birlikte siz mescitlerde itikâfta iken eşlerinize yaklaşmayın. Bunlar, Allah'ın koyduğu sınırlardır. Bu sınırlara yaklaşmayın. Allah, kendine karşı gelmekten sakınsınlar diye, âyetlerini insanlara böylece açıklar. (Bakara Suresi 187)
RAMAZAN'DA YAPILACAK İBADETLER NELERDİR?
* Oruç tutmak
* Geceleri Peygamber Efendimiz 'in sav sünneti olan teravih namazını kılmak
* Kur'an okumak
* Namazları cemaatle kılmak
* Sahur yapmak
* İftar ettirmek
* Kadir Gecesini aramak
* Sabretmek
* İhsan ve ikramda bulunmak
* Tövbe etmek
* Cenneti istemek
* Çokça Kelime-i Tevhid söylemek
* Ramazan umresi yapmak
* Açları doyurmak
MUKABELE NASIL OKUNUR?
Mukabele karşılık verme, karşılıklı okuma anlamına gelir. Bir kimsenin Kur'an'ı ezberden veya kitaptan yüksek sesle okuması ve onu dinleyen topluluğun da sessizce Kur'an'dan takip etmesi anlamına gelen mukabele okumanın adabı sırasıyla şu şekilde olmalı: Okumaya başlamadan önce ağzı misvakla temizlemek. Kur'an'ı mescit veya bir başka temiz yerde okumak. Kıbleye yönelmek. Allah Teala'nın: "Kur'an okuyacak olduğun zaman,kovulmuş şeytandan Allah'a sığın" ayeti (Nahl, 98) mucebince Kur'an okumaya başlarken euzü çekmek. Tevbe Suresi hariç her surenin başında besmele çekmek. Okunan Kur'an ayetlerini huşu ile dinleyip anlamları hakkında düşünmek. Sesi güzelleştirmek ve Kur'an'ı tane tane okumak. Aceleci davranmamak. Med kaidelerine uymak.
İSRAF İLE İLGİLİ AYET VE HADİSLER KULLUĞUN İSRAFI İsraf; aşağılık duygusunu bastırmak ve îtibar satın almak için maddî imkânlarla kendini gösterme çabası olarak ifâde edilse de, aslında bu târif, isrâfın ilk akla gelen sınırlı mânâsıdır. Hâlbuki israf, insanoğlunun haddini aştığı her hususu şümûlüne alan geniş bir mânâyı ifâde eder. İyâs -rahmetullâhi aleyh- bu hakîkati şu veciz ifâdeyle ne güzel dile getirmiştir: "Allâh'ın emirleri hâricine taşan her şey, israftır." KALBİN İSRAFI Nazargâh-ı ilâhî olmak gibi yüce bir şerefe mazhariyet istîdâdıyla yaratılan, îman ve ahlâkın bir nevî mahfazası durumundaki kalbin, insanı Hak'tan uzaklaştıran gaflet ve günahlarla kirletilmesi; kalbin isrâfıdır. ÖMÜR İSRAFI İnsana ihsân edilen en kıymetli nîmet olan zamanı, Cenâb-ı Hakk'ın rızâsına medâr olacak bir keyfiyette kullanamayıp âhiret saâdetine sermâye kılamamak; vaktin, dolayısıyla ömrün isrâfıdır. MUHABBET VE SEVGİ İSRAFI "el-Vedûd" ism-i şerîfiyle sevginin kaynağı olan Cenâb-ı Hakk'a ve bir îman göstergesi olarak sevmemiz emredilen Rasûlullah -sallâllâhu aleyhi ve sellem- Efendimiz'e tahsîs edilmesi gereken muhabbetin, gizli ve açık her fırsatta Allah ve Rasûlü'ne düşmanlıkta bulunan kimselere yönlendirilmesi; muhabbetin en fecî isrâfıdır. Nitekim Tebbet Sûresi de müstehakkına nefret gösterilmesinin bâriz bir misâlidir. NEFESLERİN İSRAFI Her biri paha biçilmez bir kıymeti hâiz olan nefesleri, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm tilâveti ve dâimî zikir ile ihyâ etmek gerekirken, "Onlar ki, boş ve yararsız şeylerden yüz çevirirler." (el-Mü'minûn, 3) âyet-i kerîmesinin zıddına, insanın ebedî saâdetine yaramayacak boş hevesler uğruna tüketilmesi; nefeslerin isrâfıdır. HAYRIN İSRAFI Mahzun yürekleri, yorgun gönülleri, sıkıntıdan daralmış sîneleri ferahlatarak huzura kavuşturmanın yollarından olan zekât, sadaka ve infakları muhtaçlara verirken, enâniyet ve benliğe kapılıp başa kakmak sûretiyle onları minnet altında bırakmak; hayrın isrâfıdır. Nitekim âyet-i kerîmede şöyle buyrulur: "Güzel bir söz ve bağışlama, peşinden ezâ gelen sadakadan daha hayırlıdır… Ey îmân edenler! Başa kakmak ve incitmek sûretiyle, yaptığınız hayırları boşa çıkarmayın…" (el-Bakara, 263-264)
SAMİMİYET VE İHLASIN İSRAFI Rabbimiz'in bir hidâyet rehberi olarak Rasûl'ünün kalbine indirdiği, oradan da bütün insanlığa îlân edilen, Peygamber Efendimiz 'in okumaya doyamadığı Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'i lâyıkı vechile okuyup anlama gayretine girmemek, emir ve nehiylerini dikkate almamak; o ilâhî feyiz menbaının isrâf edilmesidir. Nitekim Cenâb-ı Hak, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm hususunda isrâfa düşenlerle, onun feyzinden güzelce istifâde edenleri şöyle beyan buyurmaktadır: "Sonra Kitâb'ı, kullarımız arasından seçtiğimiz kimselere verdik. İnsanlardan kimi kendisine zulmeder, kimi ortadadır, kimi de Allâh'ın izniyle hayırlarda öne geçmek için yarışır. İşte büyük fazîlet budur." (Fâtır, 32) AKLIN İSRAFI Sözleri ve prensipleri, hem kendi hayatında hem de kıyâmete kadar devam edecek olan ümmetinin hayatında fiilen yaşanan Peygamber Efendimiz'in nurlu izinde değil de, akılları vahiy terbiyesi görmemiş, ictimâî nizam ile ahlâk nâmına ortaya koydukları fikirler, çoğunlukla kütüphânelerin tozlu raflarındaki kitaplarda, sırf bir nazariye/teori olarak kalmış filozofların peşine takılıp boşuna yorulmak; aklın isrâfıdır. LİSAN NİMETİNİN İSRAFI Dargın gönülleri barıştırmak, din kardeşliğini kuvvetlendirmek, iyiliği tavsiye edip kötülükten sakındırmak, dâimâ hakkın ve hayrın müdâfii ve sözcüsü olmak yerine, boş ve lâubâli konuşmalar yapmak, gönüllere diken batırmak, en kötüsü de bâtılın, şerrin ve şeytanın avukatlığını yapmak; lisan nîmetinin isrâfıdır.
İBADETTE İSRAF İmkân var iken namazı cemaatle kılmamak, onu mecbûriyet savarcasına huşûdan uzak bir şekilde îfâ etmek de, ibadet hayatına âit israflar cümlesindendir. İNSAN İSRAFI Bilmeliyiz ki; ömrü boş geçirmek, yeme-içme ve giyimde haddi aşmak, sıhhati lüzumsuz yerlerde zâyî etmek, tefekkürü rûhânî manzaralara değil de nefsânî vitrinlere yönlendirmek, faydasız ilimle meşgul olmak ve ilmi, nefsânî menfaatlere âlet etmek de birer israftır. Hele eğitimde, evlâtları sırf dünyevî istikbâl kaygılarıyla mânevî terbiyeden mahrum olarak yetiştirmek, israfların en büyüğü olan "insan isrâfı"dır. Zira bu, en büyük hakikate gâfil kalarak ebedî saâdeti isrâf etmektir. RIZIK İSRAFI Bir kimsenin tembellik yaparak rızkını kazanmayı ihmâl etmesi ve etrafına muhtaç hâle düşmesi de bir çeşit israftır. Zira hadîs-i şerîfte: "Allah Teâlâ, kulunu helâl peşinde koşmaktan yorulmuş vaziyette görmeyi sever." buyrulmuştur. (Süyûtî, el-Câmiu's-Sağîr, I, 65) İNFAK İSRAFI Daha fazla ihtiyaç sahipleri varken, şahsî yakınlık duyduğumuz bir kimseye, ihtiyacından fazlasını vermek de israftır. Bu sebeple muhtaçların ihtiyaç derecelerine göre infakta öncelik sırasını belirlemek zarurîdir. Nitekim Mevlânâ Hazretleri bu hususta şöyle buyurur: "Nice servet sahipleri vardır ki, onların lâyık olmayanlara vermemeleri, vermelerinden daha hayırlıdır. Bu yüzden, Allâh'ın verdiği malı, ancak Allâh'ın emrine göre harca! Yersiz infak, âsî bir kölenin, güyâ ihsanda bulunuyorum diye, pâdişâhın malını eşkıyâya dağıtmasına benzer."