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Corona virüse yakalanmak ile kan grubu arasında bir bağ olup olmadığını belirlemek için başlatılan bilimsel araştırmanın sonuçları açıklandı.
Kaliforniya merkezli biyoteknoloji şirketi 23andMe'nin 750 bin kişiden alınan veriler ışında hazırladığı rapora göre, A en riskli kan grubu olarak belirlendi.
Financial Times 'ta yer alan habere göre, virüse yakalanma oranı en düşük kan grubunun ise 0 olduğu ortaya çıktı. Bilim insanları son veriler ışığında kan grubunun Corona virüsün etkisinin dikkate alınması gerekeceği görüşünde.
KORONAVİRÜS HAKKINDAKİ SORULARA BİLİMSEL YANITLAR Dünyanın bir numaralı gündem maddesi corona virüs hakkında hâlen yanıtı merak edilen birçok soru var. Bilim insanları bir an önce bu sorulara yanıt bulmaya çalışıyor. İşte şu ana kadar bulunan bilimsel yanıtlar...
SÜRÜ BAĞIŞIKLIĞI KORONAVİRÜSE KARŞI NEDEN ETKİSİZ? NTV'de yer alan habere göre, Epidemiyolog Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, Science Alert için kaleme aldığı yazıda sürü bağışıklığının corona virüse karşı neden etkisiz kaldığını açıkladı.
Geçtiğimiz haftalarda İngiltere'de ortaya atılan sürü bağışıklığı modeli ise İngiliz makamları tarafından dahi terk edilmişe benziyor. Zira uzmanlar sürü bağışıklığının iddia edildiği gibi salgına karşı bir koruyucu yöntem olmadığı görüşünde. Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, Science Alert için kaleme aldığı yazıda salgının günlük olarak takip edilmesi gereken, pek çok değişkene bağlı ve öngörülemez yapısının olduğunun altını çiziyor.
Epidemiyolog Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz'a göre sürü bağışıklığı günümüz koşullarında korona virüs ile mücadelede bir opsiyon değil. Zira Katz'a göre aşı olmadan toplum bağışıklığından bahsetmek bilimsel olarak mümkün değil.
Bilindiği üzere henüz corona virüs için çalışmalar sürse de bir aşı geliştirişmiş değil. Geçtiğimiz haftalarda ABD'nin Washington eyaletinde klinik ortamda ilk aşı denemeleri başlamıştı.
Devam eden olan aşı testlerinin başarıyla sonuçlanması durumunda ilgili federal kurumlardan onay alabilmesi ve halkın kullanımına sunulabilmesi için yetkililer 12 ila 18 ay arasında bir süre öngörüyor.
KORONAVİRÜS NEREDEN ÇIKTI? Yaygın görüş, virüsün yarasalardan yayıldığı yönünde. Ancak ne bu teori ne de insana bulaşmadan önce yarasadan pangolin gibi bir başka hayvana geçtiğine dair teoriler şu ana kadar teyit edilebildi.
Kesin olan şu ki bu hastalığa, hayvanlardan insanlara geçen bir virüs neden oluyor. Virüs, hayvanlarda bir dizi genetik mutasyondan geçiyor ve böylece insanlara bulaşabiliyor.
Nature dergisinde geçen ay yayımlana bir çalışma, yeni corona virüsün gen haritasının, yarasadaki corona virüsünkiyle yüzde 96 oranında aynı olduğunu ortaya koydu.
Araştırmacılar, virüsün laboratuvarda üretildiğini öne süren bazı komplo teorisyenlerinin iddialarının gerçek dışı olduğunu belirtiyor.
Corona virüsün ilk olarak Çin 'in Hubey eyaletinin başkenti olan Vuhan'da hayvandan insana geçtiğine dair sağlam bulgular var.
KORONAVİRÜS HAVADA YA DA YÜZEYLERDE NE KADAR SÜRE KALABİLİYOR? Corona virüsler, solunum hastalıklarına neden oluyor. Virüs daha çok öksürük ya da hapşırıkla havaya yayılan damlacıklardan geçiyor.
Almanya 'daki Federal Risk Değerlendirme Enstitüsü 'ne (BfR) göre, yapılan laboratuvar testleri, "ciddi oranda yayıldığı" takdirde havada üç saat bulaşıcı şekilde kalabildiğini ortaya koyuyor. Bu süre; bakır yüzeylerde dört saate, karton yüzeyde 24 saate, plastik ya da paslanmaz çelik yüzeylerde ise üç güne kadar çıkabiliyor.
ABD Hastalıkları Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezi (CDC), yeni tip Corona virüsün (Covid-19) yüzeylerde, daha önce açıklanandan çok daha uzun süre yaşayabildiğine dikkati çekerek Japonya ve California'daki yolcu gemilerinde, tahliyeden 17 gün sonra bile kabinlerde virüsün izine rastlandığını bildirdi.
Virüs bazı yüzeylerde saatlerce hatta günlerce tutunabilse de zaman geçtikçe daha az bulaşıcı oluyor.
NEDEN HENÜZ BİR AŞI YOK? Normal şartlarda, etkili ve güvenli bir aşı geliştirmek yıllar alır. Alman Araştırmacı İlaç Üreticileri Birliği'ne (vfA) göre, dünyada şu an corona virüs aşısı geliştirmek için yürütülen en az 47 proje var. Bilim insanları büyük bir baskı altında ve zamana karşı yarış hâlinde çalışıyor. Ancak buna rağmen piyasaya 2020 yılı içinde bir aşının çıkması mümkün görünmüyor. Zira resmi makamlarca onay alınması için elzem olan klinik çalışmalar zaman gerektiriyor.
Aşı bulunması için yürütülen çalışmalara ek olarak bazı araştırmacılar da kan serumundan elde edilen antikorlardan faydalanılan ve "pasif bağışıklık" adı verilen yöntem üzerinde çalışıyor.
Bu antikorlar, COVID-19'dan iyileşmiş kişilerden geliyor. Bu kişilerin kanında, virüsle savaşıp yenebilen antikorlar bulunuyor.
Söz konusu yöntem, "pasif bağışıklılık" olarak adlandırılıyor. Çünkü alıcı, bizzat antikor üretmiyor. Ödünç aldığı antikorlar ise yalnızca kısa süreli bir koruma sağlıyor. Sadece geleneksel bir aşı, corona virüse karşı uzun süreli koruma sağlar.
EVCİL HAYVANIMDA KORONAVİRÜS KAPABİLİR Mİ? Evet. Bu yüzden İsviçre Federal Gıda Güvenliği ve Veterinerlik Dairesi (BLV) karantinadaki evcil hayvan sahiplerine, birlikte yaşadıkları bu hayvanlarla fazla temas kurmamaları için tavsiyede bulundu.
Ancak şu ana kadar bilindiği kadarıyla, kedi ve köpekler enfeksiyon belirtilerinin hiçbirini göstermiyor. Yani hastalanmıyorlar. Bu durum ise risk değerlendirmesini daha da zor kılıyor.
Alman Federal Risk Değerlendirme Enstitüsü 'ne (BfR) göre, virüs kapan bir hayvanın teorik olarak bu virüsü soluma ve dışkı yoluyla havaya bulaştırıp yayabilir.
Corona virüsün çıkış noktasının da hayvanlar olduğunu unutmamak gerek.
HAMİLE KİŞİLER KORONAVİRÜS TEHDİDİ ALTINDA MI? Bilim insanlarının şu ana kadarki çalışmalarına göre, çocuklar corona virüs konusunda yüksek risk grubunda değil.
Bu, çocukların COVID-19 hastalığını genellikle hafif atlattığı anlamına geliyor. Yeni doğan bebeklerde corona virüs tespit edilen bazı vakalar yaşandı. Ancak virüsün gebelik döneminde mi, doğumda mı yoksa doğumdan sonra mı geçtiği bilinmiyor.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Almanya 'daki Federal Sağlık Eğitimi Merkezi, hamilelerin daha büyük bir risk altında olduğuna dair bulgu olmadığını belirtti. Fakat yine de bu konuda bir güvence bulunmaması nedeniyle anne adaylarının virüse karşı her hâlükârda özel dikkat göstermesinde fayda var.
KORONAVİRÜS EN ÇOK HANGİ YAİ GRUBUNU TEHDİT EDİYOR? Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) Direktörü Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, corona virüs nedeniyle meydana gelen ölüm oranının yüzde 3.4 olduğunu duyurdu.
Ancak bu oran, yaş, cinsiyet, sağlık geçmişi gibi nedenlerle değişiklik gösterebiliyor.
100 binin üzerinde kişiye bulaşan virüs 4 bin 284 kişinin hayatına mal oldu. İstatistiklere bakıldığında corona virüse karşı en yüksek ölüm oranı 80 yaş ve üzerindeki kişileri gösteriyor.
Bu yaş grubunda corona virüs kapanlardaki ölüm oranı yüzde 14.8. 70 - 79 yaşları arasındaki kişiler için bu oran yüzde 8 olarak açıklandı.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nden alınan veriler üzerine oluşturulan rapora göre, bu oran 60 - 69 yaş grubu için yüzde 3.6, 50 - 59 yaş grubu için 1.3, 20 *29 yaş grubu için yüzde 04.
İstatistiklere bakıldığı zaman corona virüs nedeniyle ölüm oranın en az görüldüğü yaş grunu ise 10 -19 , 20 -29 ve 20- 39 yaş grupları.
Söz konusu rapora göre, bu yaş gruplarında corona virüs kapan ve bu nedenle hayatını kaybedenlerin oranı yüzde 0.2. Başka bir deyişle bu yaş gruplarında corona virüs kapan her 1000 kişiden 2'si hayatını kaybetti.
KORONAVİRÜS BELLİ IRKLARI MI HEDEF ALIYOR? İstatistiksel bulgulara göre tüm ırklardaki bireylerin SARS-CoV-2'ye karşı eşit düzeyde kişisel korunması gerekiyor.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 27 Şubat 2020'de yaptığı açıklamada corona virüsün sınır tanımadığını, ırk ya da etnik köken ayırt etmediğini ve ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi ile bir ilişkisi olmadığını belirtmişti.
KORONAVİRÜSÜN ERKEKLERE BULAŞMA RİSKİ DAHA MI FAZLA? MERS ve SARS da olduğu gibi yeni tip corona virüsünün erkeklere bulaşma riski kadınlardan daha fazla.
Kadınların daha az etkilenmesinin nedeni yani viral enfeksiyonlara karşı duyarlılıklarının daha az olmasının; bağışıklıkta önemli bir rol oynayan X kromozomundan ve seks hormonlarından kaynaklandığı düşünülüyor.
Ancak geçtiğimiz günlerde Çin 'de yapılan bu araştırma henüz dünyanın diğer bölgelerindeki bilim çevreleri tarafından test edilmedi.
Bazı uzmanlar Çin'de görülen kadın erkek arasındaki ölüm oranı farkının sigara kullanımına bağlı olabildiği iddiasında.
SİGARA İÇENLER İÇİN RİSK DAHA MI FAZLA? Zira ülkede sigara kullanımı erkeklerde kadınlara oranla hayli yüksek. Uzmanlar sigara içenler için riskin yüksek olduğunu belirtiyor. Uzmanlar ayrıca kronik böbrek, karaciğer hastalıkları olanlar, kanser tedavisi görenler için riskin daha yüksek olduğu uyarısında bulunuyor.
HANGİ HASTALIKLAR KORONAVİRÜS ENFEKSİYONUNDA RİSKİ ARTIRIYOR? Corona virüsten ölen kişilerin neredeyse tamamı, virüs bulaştığı sırada başka hastalıklara sahip insanlardan oluşuyor. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 'nün (DSÖ), Çin 'de bu hastalığa yakalananlar üzerinde yaptığı bir analize göre, özellikle kalp damar hastalıkları, diyabet, yüksek tansiyon, kronik solunum yolu hastalıkları ve kanser den muzdarip olanlar yüksek risk altında.