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Tarım ve Orman Bakanı Bekir Pakdemirli, Türkiye 'de koronavirüs ün dağılımına ilişkin detaylı bilgi edinmek ve olası erken uyarı sistemini geliştirmek amacıyla, Türkiye Su Enstitüsü Başkanlığı koordinatörlüğünde çalışma yapılacağını duyurmuştu. Pilot il olarak İstanbul 'un seçildiği projede, 81 ilden ve 250 atık su arıtma tesisinden numune alımları gerçekleşti, 52 tanesinin ise analizleri tamamlandı. Havaların ısınması ve tatil beldelerinin kalab alıklaşması ile birlikte numune alımını turistik bölgelerde yoğunlaştırdıklarını dile getiren Kocamemi, çalışmalardan elde ettikleri güncel sonuçları anlattı.
"İSTANBUL'DA VERİLER HAZİRAN AYINA GÖRE ARTMA MEYİLİNDE" İstanbul 'da Haziran ayında atık su numunelerinde bulunan virüsün, Temmuz ayında artış meylinde olduğunu ifade eden Kocamemi,
"İstanbul'da ilk Nisan ayında numuneleri aldık. Nisan ayında atık sularda konsantrasyonlar düşüktü. Sonra mayıs ayında bu konsantrasyonlardaki yükselişi, vakalar ile birlikte gözlemledik. Haziran ayı itibarıyla vakalarda düşüş oldu, bununla birlikte konsantrasyonlarda da düşüş oldu. Hala biz İstanbul'da rutin numune almaya devam ediyoruz. Şu anki durumu soracak olursanız, İstanbul'da şu an aldığımız örneklerde virüsü tespit edemiyoruz ama tespit etme, etmeme sınırında gibiyiz. Yani şunu söyleyebiliriz, biz her ne kadar bunu şu anda daha atık sularda gözlemlemiyor olsak bile İstanbul'da vaka sayısı artma eğiliminde gibi görünüyor. Virüs konsantrasyonunu atık su giriş numunelerinden çok, İstanbul'da çıkış numunelerinde ve çamurlarda daha kolay takip edebildik. İstanbul'da durum böyle ve hala İstanbul'dan her hafta İSKİ'nin yardımlarıyla belirlenen tesislerden numuneler alınarak, rutin analizler yapılıyor. Eğer vaka sayısında bir artış olursa, biz bunu atık su numunelerinde gözlemeyebileceğimizi düşünüyoruz. Biz şöyle yapıyoruz analizleri, İstanbul'dan tesislerden numuneler geliyor ve 'qPCR' analizleri 3 analiz olarak yapılır. Biz bu 3 tekrar yaptığımız analizlerin ikisinde negatif, birinde bir hareket görüyoruz. Biz buna total olarak baktığımızda negatif olarak raporluyoruz ama bize şunu gösteriyor. 'Burada bir hareket başladı.' Dedeksiyon limitinin altında gibisin ama dedeksiyon limitini de geçmek üzeresin gibi bir tab lo var İstanbul'da. Teorik olarak sorarsanız, dedeksiyon limitinin altındayız İstanbul'da ama hissiyat olarak bakıldığında, haziran ayına göre atık su numunelerinde bu sayıda farklılıklar olduğunu görüyoruz. Negatif ama artma meylinde" ifadelerini kullandı.
"KONYA'DAN ALINAN NUMUNELERDE VİRÜS, İSTANBUL'DAN BİLE DAHA YOĞUN" Türkiye genelinde ise şu an itibarıyla 81 ilden ve 250 atık su arıtma tesisinden numuneler toplandığını anlatan Kocamemi, "Bunların çoğu İstanbul Pendik Veteriner Araştırma Enstitüsü Lab oratuvarında, bir kısmı da Samsun da analiz ediliyor. 81 ilin 52 tanesi tamamlanmış durumda. Tesis olarak bakıldığında da, 250 tesisten 130'u tamamlanmış durumda. Tabii bunlar, Haziran ayını temsil ediyor. Numuneler alındığı gibi analiz edilemiyor çünkü laboratuvar sayısı kısıtlı. Analizlere bakıldığında atık suda SARS-CoV2'yi en yoğun olarak biz bugüne kadar, Konya ilinde gözlemledik. Konya ilini takip eden İstanbul'du. İstanbul ve Konya açık ara diyelim, onları takiben ise Bursa, İzmit, İzmir ve Antalya'nın bazı bölgelerinde virüs konsantrasyonlarına gözlemlenebilir mertebede rastladık. Ama şunu belirtmek istiyorum, gözlemlenemiyor olması virüsün olmadığı anlamına gelmiyor. Tabii ki, bu ölçüm metodunun bir dedeksiyon limiti var. Bu limitin altında olanları biz gözlemleyemiyoruz diyoruz" şeklinde konuştu.
"TURİSTİK OLARAK ANTALYA'NIN BAZI BÖLGELERİNDEKİ ATIK SULARDA VİRÜSE RASTLANDI" Haziran ayı itibarıyla turistik bölgelerden numune almaya odaklandıklarını dile getiren Kocamemi, "Türkiye genelinde biz şu anda yazlık bölgelere odaklandık. Oralardan rutin olarak analiz almaya başlayacağız. Almadan önce, ilk önce bütün Antalya 'yı taradık ve bazı atık su arıtma tesislerinde virüse rastladık. Ama hepsinde değil, çok az bir bölgede. Muğla ve Aydın bölgesinde yani Bodrum , Göcek, Datça, Marmaris, Fethiye, Ölüdeniz bunların hepsinden numuneler aldık. Haziran ayı itibarıyla, bunlar dedeksiyon limitinin altında çıktı. Şimdi önümüzdeki haftadan itibaren bu illerden rutin olarak, numuneler alarak inceleyeceğiz. Ama Haziran ayı itibarıyla, bu bölgelerde atık sularda ciddi anlamda bir SARS-CoV2 konsantrasyonu gözlemlenemedi. Antalya'da ise sadece belirli bölgelerde gözlemlendi. Antalya'nın her yeri o kadar turistik ki, hiçbir yerden fedakarlık edemedik ve en çok numune, İstanbul kadar Antalya'dan toplandı. Antalya'da çok az yerde ve düşük konsantrasyonda çıktı. Ama daha tesisler dolmamıştı. Biz Antalya Su ve Atık Su İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü (ASAT) ile de iletişim halindeyiz, 'Daha tesisler dolmadı hocam, dolmadan numuneleri alın. Bir baz oluştursun, tesislerde artış olduğunda gözlemleyebilin.' Gibi bir yaklaşımda bulunuldu. O baza göre Antalya'da yerli halk ve yazlıkçılar diyelim, onlara göre benim beklediğimin çok altında çıktı. Bodrum'da da dedeksiyon limitinin altında çıktı ama şu anda durum nedir bilmiyorum. Yazlık siteler ve oteller dolmaya başlamış. Haziran ayı itibarıyla tatil beldelerinde kötü bir durum gözlemlemedik" ifadelerini kullandı.
GELİŞTİRİLECEK BİOSENSÖRLER İLK OLARAK TÜRKİYE'DE DENENECEK Atık sularda SARS-CoV2 ya da başka bir virüsün artış göstermesi halinde, geliştirilecek erken uyarı sisteminin de önemini anlatan Kocamemi, bu konuda bir Avrupa Birliği(AB ) projesine başvurduklarını ve çalışmalarında önemli yol kat ettiklerini anlatarak, "Projenin 3. aşaması biliyorsunuz, ben erken uyarı sistemini ikiye ayırmıştım. Birinci erken uyarı numuneler alınarak, laboratuvarlarda yapılan analizlerle. Bu biraz iptidai bir erken uyarı oluyor ama şu anda tüm dünyada uygulanan sistem de bu. Esas erken uyarı, ileri vadede biosensörler vasıtasıyla olacak. Şu an SARS-CoV2 için geliştirilmiş bir biosensör dünyada yok. Nedeni de biosensörün, SARS-CoV2'ye spesifik bioleseptör kısmı ile ilgili çalışmaların hala sürüyor olması. Ama bizim bununla ilgili grup olarak iki tane hamlemiz oldu. Bu hamlelerden birincisi, Slovakya ülkesinin yürütücülüğünde İtalya, İspanya, Türkiye ve Hırvatistan'ın içinde olduğu bir grup olarak AB projesine başvurduk. Çok büyük bütçeli bir proje. Eğer kabul olursa gerçekten biosensörün geliştirilmesi ile ilgili büyük bir adım atılmış olacak. Ve geliştirilecek olan prototip biosensörler Türkiye'de denenecek. Projeyi bu şekilde kurguladık. İkinci hamle olarak ise İskoçya'da bir üniversite ile iletişime geçtik. İletişime geçerken, Türkiye'de de bir grup oluşturduk. Marmara Üniversitesi Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü'nden ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nanoteknoloji Bölümü'nden bir hocamız var. Bu birliktelikle beraber eğer bu bioleseptör bulunabilirse ki, bulunma yolunda çok büyük ilerlemeler kaydedilmiş durumda. Oluşturulacak olan bir prototip biosensör Türkiye'ye yollanacak ve biz ilk denemelerine gerçek atık su arıtma tesislerinde başlayacağız. Tabii bu hemen olacak bir şey değil ama uzun vadede, yıllar bazında tesislere bu biosensörlerin yerleştirilmesi, SARS-CoV2 ve benzeri virüslerin erken uyarı sistemi ile takibi için önemli bir adım " diye konuştu.
"ATIK SULARDAKİ VİRÜS CANLI DEĞİL" Çalışmanın önemli bir aşaması olan, virüsün atık sularda ölü mü yoksa diri mi olduğu araştırmalarının devam ettiğini, ancak şu ana kadar çıkan sonucun sevindirici olduğunu vurgulayan Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi , "Son aşama ise herkesin merakla beklediği aktif-inaktif yani bu virüs atık suda ölü mü yoksa diri mi çalışması. Biz size verdiğimiz en son beyanat sonrasında, SARS-CoV2'yi en yoğun gözlemlediğimiz atık su arıtma tesislerinin girişlerinden, çıkışlarından, çamurlarından, dezenfeksiyon öncesi ve sonrasından numuneler aldık. Bu analizler hala devam ediyor ama yapmış olduğumuz analizlere göre çoğunluğunda bu virüs inaktif çıktı. Ama bu her yerde inaktif olacak demek değil çünkü çalışmalar devam ediyor. Yüzde yüz inaktiftir dememiz için, daha fazla veriye ihtiyacımız var. Ama şu ana kadar çıkan veriler bize, atık suda virüsün canlı olmadığını gösteriyor. Ama bizim grup olarak isteğimiz, atık su arıtma tesislerinin özellikle sulama amaçlı kullanılan çıkış sularında dezenfeksiyonun uygulanması. Çünkü Türkiye 'de her tesiste dezenfeksiyon yok, belirli tesislerde var. Bu dezenfeksiyon için hangi metodun uygun olduğu noktasında da biz grup olarak çalışmalar başlattık. Dünyada pek çok metot var, ülkemizde de ağırlıklı olarak ultraviyole kullanılıyor. Bu çalışmanın da çatısı kuruldu" dedi.
KARADENİZ'DE BÖLGESİNDE SADECE ORDU VE SAMSUN'DA GÖZLEMLENDİ Türkiye genelindeki durumu anlatan Kocamemi, Karadeniz'de sadece Ordu ve Samsun 'dan alınan numunelerde virüsü gözlemlediklerini kaydederek şöyle konuştu: "Mesela Güneydoğu Anadolu'da hiçbir yerde dedeksiyon limitinin üzerinde çıkmadı. Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde sadece Ordu ve Samsun'da gözlemledik. İç Anadolu'da hatta Türkiye genelinde en belirgin Konya'da gözlemledik. İstanbul'dan da çok daha fazlaydı ama bugün Konya'dan İstanbul'a yeni numuneler geldi. Hatta vakalar fazla olduğu için gönderilecek eleman bulunamadı ve numuneleri müdür getirdi. Çünkü Konya 'yı gerçekten yakın takip etmek gerekiyor ama belki de azalmıştır. Ben Haziran verilerden bahsediyorum. Ege'de İzmir 'de birkaç yerde çıktı ama ciddi anlam ifade eden bir sonuç çıkmadı. Türkiye geneline bakıldığında, Haziran ayı itibarıyla belirli lokasyonlarda vakalar daha fazla görünüyor. Ama şimdi bayram gelecek, yasaklar bitti. Bundan sonrasında takip bence çok daha önemli"