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İstanbul 'un pek çok noktasında, özellikle Tarihi Yarımada'da sayıları bir hayli fazla olan tarihi çeşmeler, günden güne bakımsız kalmaları ya da tahribata uğramaları nedeniyle yok oluyor. Üstelik bu, Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nde rastlanan bir durum değil. Yapılan araştırmalara göre çeşmelerin makus talihi, Osmanlı Dönem i'nden beri değişmiyor. Üzerine bina yapılanlar da var, zaman içinde kot farkının yükselmesiyle yolun altında kalanlar da. Bu önemli eserlerin bazılarının üzerine yazılar yazılarak ve grafitiler yapılarak tahrip edildiğini görmek de, mermerlerinin ve kitabelerinin çalındığına rastlamak da ne yazık ki mümkün. Fatih'teki Zeynep Sultan Çeşmesi ile Balat'taki Çorbacı Çeşmesi , İstanbul'un kaybolmaya yüz tutan çeşmelerinden yalnızca ikisi. Zeynep Sultan Çeşmesi'nin estetiği, ne yazık ki üzerine inşa edilen 4 katlı bina nedeniyle adeta örtülü durumda. Balat'taki Çorbacı Çeşmesinin ise bir kısmı yola gömülmüş halde. Bir zamanlar İstanbul'da 10 bine yakın çeşme olduğu, ancak şu an kayıt altında yalnızca 1200 çeşmenin kaldığı biliniyor. Bunlardan yalnızca 60-70 tanesinin suyu akıyor.
KAYIT ALTINDAKİ 1200 ÇEŞMENİN YALNIZCA 60-70'İNİN SUYU AKIYOR Zeynep Sultan Çeşmesi gibi İstanbul 'da tahribata uğrayan çeşmenin olduğunu vurgulayan Tarih araştırmacısı Mehmet Dilbaz, şunları söyledi: "Zeynep Sultan, üçüncü Ahmet'in kızı. Çeşme, 30 çocuğundan biri olan Zeynep Sultan tarafından, 1770 yılında yaptırılıyor. Zeynep Sultan bu bulunduğumuz bölgede pek çok hayır eseri yaptırıyor. Bu çeşme de bunlardan biri. Kendisinin yukarıda bir sebili vardı, şu an ortadan kalktı. Başka bir çeşme grubu, camisi ve türbesi vardı. Fakat Zeynep Sultan, Osmanlı dönemindeki en kadersiz kadınlardan, hanım sultanlardan biri. Kendisinin yaptırdığı pek çok tarihi eser zamana ve insan eliyle tahribata kurban gitmiş. Arkada gördüğümüz çeşmenin orijinal yapıldığı dönemde bir boşluk üzerinde olduğunu ve etrafına herhangi bir bina olmadığı biliniyor.
Bu çeşmenin üzerinde Osmanlı imparatorluğunun son döneminde de bina vardı. Yani bu Cumhuriyet dönemi eseri değil, bu yapı grubu yıkıldıktan sonra bu bina inşa edilmiş. Dolayısıyla, ben hep şunu vurguluyorum. Osmanlı döneminden kalan tarihi eserler, çeşmeler bunların tahrip olma süreci Osmanlı döneminde başladı. Mesela Zeynep Sultan'ın yaptırdığı çeşmeler ve kendisinin yaptırdığı türbe. 1871 yılında buradan geçen tramvay yolu inşa edilirken yıktırılıyor. Daha sonra başka bir yere taşındı ve ondan sonra çeşme ortadan kalktı. Bu yapı gibi İstanbul'da tahribat altında kalmış, üzerine bina yapılan pek çok çeşme var. Bunun gibi İstanbul'da toplamda ecdat yadigarı bir dönemler 10 bine yakın çeşme olduğu, şu an kayıt altında 1200 tane çeşme olduğunu biliyoruz. Ama bu çeşmelerin yaklaşık 60-70 tanesinden su akıyor. Diğerlerinin hiçbirinden su akmıyor. Pek çok çeşme de gördüğünüz gibi tahrip edilmiş durumda. Bu çeşmenin en azından etrafına yazı yazılmamış. Size İstanbul'da pek çok çeşme gösterebilirim ki üzerine grafitiler yapılmış ve suyu kesilmiş durumda."
"SU KAYNAKLARININ ÜZERİNE BİNALAR YAPILDI, ÇEŞMELER KURUDU" İstanbul 'un çeşmelerinin makus bir talihi olduğunu dile getiren Dilbaz, şöyle devam etti: "1930'larla beraber, yaklaşık 1940'lara kadar Suriçi İstanbul'unda bulunan yaklaşık 900 tane çeşme var. Bu çeşmelerin tamamına yakınında sular akıyor. 1930 ve 40'larda şehirde evlere Terkos suyu şebekesi verilmeye başlayınca mahalle çeşmelerinin önemi ortadan kalkıyor. Devamındaki süreçte 1960'larla beraber şehrin hızlıca büyümesi ile bu çeşmelerin pek çoğunun su kaynağı buranın çok yakın yerleri. Mesela, bu çeşmenin su kaynağı hemen arkadaki Gülhane Parkı'ndan geliyordu. Şimdi bunun gibi pek çok çeşmenin su kaynakları üzerine bina yapınca, çeşmelerin suyu kuruyor. Kuruduktan sonra da bu çeşmeler atıl duruma geliyor.Şu an İstanbul'da özellikle Fatih ilçesinde, Fatih Merkez ve Balat hattında buna benzer ve bundan çok daha kötü durumda yüzlerce çeşme örneği var. Bu çeşmelerin büyük bir kısmı zamanla yolun kot farkının yükselmesi ile yolun altında kalmış. Büyük bir kısmın üzerine grafiti ve yazılar yazılmış, çeşmeleri çalınmış, mermerleri ve kitabeleri kırılmış durumda. Halbuki bunların büyük bir kısmı vakıf eseri ve vakıf eserlerinin kıyamete kadar devam edilmesi konusunda vakıf senetleri var. Ama maalesef ki şu an 1000'e yakın çeşmeden, Suriçi'nde suyu akan 40-50 tane çeşme kaldı. Bu da bizim ayıbımız aslında."
"KORUMA ALTINA ALINMASI İÇİN RESMİ STATÜLERİ BELİRLENMELİ, KÜLTÜR ENVANTERİ ÇIKARILMALI" Bu çeşmelerin koruma altına alınması için öncelikle çeşmenin resmi statüsünün kesinleşmesi gerektiğinin altını çizen Dilbaz, "İstanbul'da tarihi eserlerde çeşmeler bazında şöyle bir sorun var. Bir tarihi yapının, aynı tipteki tarihi yapıların 5-6 tane farklı sahibi çıkıyor. Mesela burada gördüğümüz çeşmenin sahibi Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü iken, başka bir çeşmenin bir İlçe belediyesinde, başka bir çeşmenin bir özel kurumda olduğu görülüyor. Bu çift başlılık, çok başlılık yüzünden çeşmelere bazı kurumların, özellikle Kültür Bakanlığı'nın direkt müdahale etmesi söz konusu olmuyor. İlk yapılması gereken bir kültür envanterinin net bir şekilde çıkartılması. Ondan sonra çeşmelerin özellikle Su Vakfı gibi resmi bir kuruma bağlanması. Ya da İSKİ'ye. Daha sonra o kurum üzerinden çeşmelerin sırayla onarılarak, hepsinin sularının akıtılması lazım" dedi.
"ÇEŞMENİN SUYUNU AKITMAZSANIZ HARAP OLUYOR" Suyu akıtılmayan çeşmelerin gün geçtikçe harap olduğunu vurgulayan Dilbaz, "Bakın şu çok önemli. Çeşmeyi istediğiniz kadar imar edin, eğer çeşmenin suyunu akıtmazsanız, çeşme yeniden harap oluyor. Çünkü her çeşme kendi çevresinde bir Habitat barındırıyor. Sadece insanlar değil, sokak hayvanları da özellikle çok sıcak yaz aylarında. Eyüp'te, Balat'ta sosyal hayvanlar gelip o çeşmelerden su içiyor. Bir Çeşme suyunu kesmek demek etrafındaki bütün habitatı yani kediyi, köpeği çimenleri bile yok etmeniz demek. Dolayısıyla İstanbul'daki çeşmelerin suyunun mutlaka akması lazım. Bu çeşmelerin onarılması gerekiyor" ifadelerini kullandı.