Zonguldak'ın Çaycuma ilçesine bağlı Filyos beldesindeki liman, coğrafi avantajıyla Karadeniz ticaretinde kilit bir durak ve bölge ekonomisine büyük katkı sağlama görevine başladı.
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Zonguldak'ın Çaycuma ilçesine bağlı Filyos beldesindeki liman, coğrafi avantajıyla Karadeniz ticaretinde kilit bir durak ve bölge ekonomisine büyük katkı sağlama görevine başladı.
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Araştırma Görevlisi Dr. Umur Bucak, konuya ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulundu.
25 MİLYON TON KAPASİTE
Limanın, yıllık 25 milyon ton konteyner elleçleme kapasitesine sahip olduğunu belirten Bucak, "Filyos Limanı, ortaya koyduğu yüksek kapasiteyle, Türkiye ticaretinin kuzey kapısı olacak." dedi.
Bu noktada, özellikle uluslararası yükleri ve gemileri limana çekebilmek için Filyos Limanı'nın Karadeniz'deki rakiplerini iyi analiz etmek gerektiğine işaret eden Bucak, burada Rusya'nın Novorossiysk, Romanya'nın Köstence ve Ukrayna'nın Odessa limanlarının öne çıktığına dikkati çekti.
KARADENİZ LİMANLARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ
Bucak, 8,3 kilometre uzunluğunda kıyı şeridine sahip Novorossiysk Limanı'nın, su derinliklerinin 8-15,6 metre arasında değişiklik gösteren 89 rıhtımında, yılda yaklaşık 142 milyon ton toplam yük içerisinde 900 bin TEU konteyner elleçlendiğini anlattı.
Köstence Limanı'nın da 10'unun kuru yük, 4'ünün sıvı yük, 2'sinin araç, 8'inin ağır ve büyük yük konusunda uzmanlaşmış toplam 24 rıhtıma sahip olduğunu vurgulayan Bucak, su derinliği 7-19 metre arasında değişen rıhtımlarda, yılda yaklaşık 67 milyon ton toplam yük içerisinde 700 bin TEU konteyner elleçlendiği bilgisini verdi.
Bucak, 9 kilometrelik kıyı şeridine sahip Odessa Limanı'nın ise su derinliği 8,8-11,7 metre arasında değişen 54 rıhtımında yıllık 46 milyon ton elleçleme kapasitesi bulunduğunu ve limanda yılda yaklaşık 650 bin TEU konteyner elleçlendiğini söyledi.
Filyos Limanı'nın ise rakiplerine göre oldukça önemli bir konumda bulunduğunun altını çizen Bucak, şöyle devam etti:
"İstanbul Boğazı, Süveyş Kanalı'nın 3 katı, Panama Kanalı'nın 4 katı daha yoğun gemi trafiğine sahip. Rakiplerine göre dünyanın en fazla gemi trafiğine sahip dar geçidi olan İstanbul Boğazı'na çok daha kısa bir mesafede yer alması ve gemilerin uğrak yapması için yakıt ikmali, bakım-onarım gibi çeşitli hizmetler gibi konularda Filyos Limanı dikkat çekiyor. Böylece ülkemizdeki tedarikçiler ve bakım onarım tesisleri için önemli bir fırsat ortaya çıkacak."
"TÜRKİYE PETROLLERİ'NİN LİMANDAKİ PROJELERİ DESTEKLENMELİ"
Karadeniz'in en yüksek elleçleme miktarına sahip Novorossiysk Limanı'nda en fazla sıvılaştırılmış doğal gaz, petrol ve yağlar gibi sıvı dökme yüklerin elleçlendiğini belirten Bucak, limanın yakın çevresinde 1500 kilometrelik ham petrol boru hattı kullanıldığını, Kazakistan ve Rusya rezervlerinin bu liman vasıtasıyla aktarıldığını dile getirdi.
Bu noktada, liman sahasında Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığının (TPAO) yürüttüğü petrol arama ve çıkarma projelerinin desteklenmesi gerektiğini vurgulayan Bucak, şu değerlendirmelerde bulundu:
"Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hattı Projesi'nin kuzey ayağı olarak da düşünülebilecek Filyos Limanı'na entegre bir boru hattı kurulması, limana önemli bir rekabetçi avantaj kazandıracaktır. Son yıllarda Karadeniz'deki konteyner taşımacılığında, Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi kapsamındaki yatırımlar neticesinde, doğrusal bir artış eğilimi izlenmektedir. Samsun Limanı, konteyner elleçlemede 2020'de yaklaşık yüzde 67'lik bir artış yakaladı. Bu sebeple, bir tarafı konteyner terminali olarak planlanan Filyos Limanı'nın, erişilebilirlik noktasındaki demir yolu entegrasyonu projelerinde ısrarcı olunmalı."
Bucak, kısa vadede, limanda operasyonel faaliyetler yürüten TPAO'nun, ülkenin kuzey ticaretine önemli katkılar verdiğini, keşfedilen ve yeni keşfedilecek doğal gaz rezervleriyle bu katkının katlanarak artacağını kaydetti.
Türkiye'nin önemli sanayi ve ticaret merkezlerine yakınlığı sebebiyle limanın, kısa sürede ülke ticaretinin kuzeye açılan kapısı olacağını vurgulayan Bucak, "Bu noktada sanayiye yönelik teşvikler ve serbest bölge yapılanması, tetikleyici bir güç olacaktır. Bir boru hattı projesiyle de hem kuzeydeki rakiplerimize karşı rekabetçi avantaj elde edilebilir hem de hinterland boyunca petrol ve doğal gaz rezervi olarak önemli merkezlere erişim sağlanabilir." dedi.
"KONTEYNER TAŞIMACILIĞINDA DA FİLYOS TERCİH EDİLECEK"
Ülkenin kuzey-güney aksında yürütülebilecek demir yolu entegrasyonu projeleriyle Filyos Limanı'nın Mersin, İskenderun veya Antalya limanlarıyla doğrudan bağlantısının da kurulabileceğini dile getiren Bucak, "Filyos Limanı ile Akdeniz'i birleştiren herhangi bir proje, hem Rusya'nın Çin ile deniz yolu taşımacılığında hem de Akdeniz ülkeleriyle ticaretinden pay almamızı sağlayabilir. Böylece İstanbul Boğazı'ndaki trafik rahatlatılırken, taşıma süreleri kısaltılabilir." ifadelerini kullandı.
Özellikle Karadeniz'de konteyner hareketliliğindeki artış ele alındığında, Filyos Limanı'nın konteyner taşımacılığında tercih edilen bir liman olacağını vurgulayan Bucak, sözlerini şöyle tamamladı:
"Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin deniz yolu ayağında bir nevi by-pass edilen ülkemiz adına çok modlu taşımacılığı içeren alternatif bir rota sunulması sağlanabilir. Bu kapsamda gelişen demir yolu taşımacılığına dünyanın en büyük gemi operatörlerinin yatırım yaptığı görülmektedir. Bu durum, ileride uzun mesafe taşımalarda yalnızca deniz yolunu içeren rotalardansa, birden fazla taşıma modunun kullanılacağı rotaların yer alacağını göstermektedir. Bu sebeple, demir yolu entegrasyonunun sağlanması, limanın rekabetçiliğinin sürdürülebilirliği açısından da oldukça önemlidir."