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Türk milletinin tarihinde yeni bir devrin kapılarının açıldığı ve "Egemenlik kayıtsız, şartsız milletindir" sözünün devlet yönetiminde yerini aldığı Cumhuriyet'in ilanının üzerinden 98 yıl geçti. 24 Temmuz 1923'te Lozan Antlaşması imzalanarak yeni Türk devletinin bağımsızlığı kabul edildi. 13 Ekim 1923'te Ankara başkent oldu.
"YARIN CUMHURİYET'İ İLAN EDECEĞİZ" Artık mevcut rejimin isminin de bütün açıklığı ile konulması, yeni devletin başkanının seçilmesi gerekiyordu. 27 Ekim 1923'te İcra Vekilleri Heyeti'nin istifası ve Meclis'in güvenini kazanacak bir kabine listesinin oluşturulamaması da bu soruna acil bir çözüm gerektirdi. O güne kadar Devlet Başkanlığı görevini, yürüten TBMM Başkanı Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , 28 Ekim 1923 akşamına kadar hükümetin kurulamaması üzerine Çankaya Köşkü'nde İsmet Paşa, Ali Fuat Paşa, Halit Paşa, Kemalettin Sami Bey'i akşam yemeğinde ağırladı. Atatürk yemek sırasında "Yarın Cumhuriyet'i ilan edeceğiz" dedi. Masadaki herkes bu düşünceye katıldı. 29 Ekim günü saat 20.30'da 158 üyenin tamamının oyuyla Cumhuriyet'in ilanı kabul edildi.
1925 YILINDAN BU YANA "MİLLİ BAYRAM" Cumhuriyet'in ilanı "Yaşasın Cumhuriyet" sesleri ve alkışlarla karşılandı. Cumhuriyet'in ilanı ile "Egemenlik kayıtsız, şartsız milletindir" ilkesi de artık devlet yönetiminde en belirgin şekliyle yerini buldu. Atatürk ilk cumhurbaşkanı seçildi. İlk hükümeti kurmakla İsmet İnönü görevlendirilirken, Fethi Okyar da TBMM Başkanlığı'na seçildi. Türk halkı, 29 Ekim gecesi ve 30 Ekim günü Cumhuriyet'in ilanını kutladı. 26 Ekim 1924'te yayımlanan kararname ile Cumhuriyet'in ilanının 101 pare top atışı ve düzenlenecek etkinliklerle kutlanmasına karar verildi. Karar doğrultusunda 29 Ekim 1924'teki etkinlikler, kutlamaların başlangıcı oldu. 29 Ekim, 1925 yılından bu yana "Milli Bayram" olarak kutlanmaya başlandı.
BAŞKAN ERDOĞAN'DAN 29 EKİM MESAJI Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla bir video mesaj yayınladı.
Erdoğan, 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı dolayısıyla yayımladığı videolu mesajında, "Yurt içinde ve yurt dışında yaşayan vatandaşlarımız ile şanlı tarihimizin altın halkalarından biri olan bu gurur günümüzü bizimle paylaşan tüm dostlarımızın 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı'nı tebrik ediyorum." ifadesine yer verdi.
İlanının 98'inci yılında, Cumhuriyet'in banisi Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ile kahraman silah arkadaşlarını minnetle andığını belirten Erdoğan, mesajını şöyle sürdürdü:
"Canları pahasına bu vatanı bize emanet eden aziz şehitlerimize Allah'tan rahmet niyaz ediyorum. Aynı kutlu dava uğrunda mücadele ederken, gazilik payesiyle şereflenen gazilerimize şahsım, ülkem ve milletim adına şükranlarımı sunuyorum. İlk Meclis'ten bugüne kadar milli iradenin mümtaz temsilcileri olarak, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi çatısı altında ülkemize hizmet etmiş, gerektiğinde bedel ödemiş tüm milletvekillerimize teşekkür ediyorum. Türkiye'nin bekası, aziz milletimizin huzuru, emniyeti ve selameti için sınır boylarında ve sınırlarımız içinde cansiparane görev yapan güvenlik güçlerimize Rabbimden muvaffakiyetler diliyorum. Şanlı bayrağımızı dünyanın dört bir köşesinde gururla dalgalandıran iş adamlarımızı, sivil toplum kuruluşlarımızı ve kamu görevlilerimizi canı gönülden tebrik ediyorum."
Köklü tarihten, kadim değerlerden aldıkları güçle, 84 milyon bir ve beraber olarak Türkiye'yi büyütmek ve hedeflerine ulaştırmak için gayretlerinin sürdüğünü belirten Erdoğan, şöyle devam etti:
"Tüm dünyayı derinden sarsan koronavirüs salgınının en ağır evresini, sağlık alt yapımızın gücü ve kapasitesi sayesinde başarıyla yöneterek geride bıraktık. Aynı şekilde ekonomide de küresel ekonominin yüzde 3'ün üzerinde bir daralma yaşadığı 2020 senesini biz yüzde 1,8 büyüme oranıyla kapattık. Terörle mücadeleden kamu güvenliğine, yatırımlardan, sınırlarımızın ötesinde gerçekleştirdiğimiz harekatlara kadar hiçbir konuda herhangi bir zafiyetin oluşmasına müsaade etmedik.
Bu süreçte darbecilerin saldırılarıyla karşı karşıya olan Libyalı kardeşlerimiz ile Karabağ'daki işgale karşı mücadele eden Azerbaycan Türklerine verdiğimiz güçlü destek, her iki ülkenin de hamdolsun kaderini değiştirmiştir. Libya'da darbeciler hezimete uğrarken, Azerbaycanlı kardeşlerimiz de yaklaşık 30 yıllık işgalin ardından öz topraklarına kavuşmuştur. Ülkemizi ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'ni Doğu Akdeniz'deki hidrokarbon kaynaklarından dışlama girişimlerini de boşa çıkardık."
"HİÇBİR SİNSİ SALDIRININ BİZİ YOLUMUZDAN ALIKOYMASINA İZİN VERMEYECEĞİZ" Başkan Erdoğan, mesajında, zorlu salgın şartlarına rağmen ekonomide, iç siyaset ve dış politikada elde edilen bu başarıların, Türkiye'nin güçlü altyapısı yanında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi'nin etkinliğini de gösteren önemli bir işaret olduğunu ifade ederek, şunları kaydetti:
"Geçen sene yakaladığımız bu ivmeyi ekonomi, üretim, ihracat başta olmak üzere, hamdolsun her alanda daha da güçlendirerek 2021 yılında da devam ettiriyoruz. Cumhuriyet'imizin 100'üncü yılı artık ufukta iyice belirmişken, hiçbir gücün, hiçbir kirli senaryonun Türkiye'yi tökezletmeyi amaçlayan hiçbir sinsi saldırının bizi yolumuzdan alıkoymasına izin vermeyeceğiz. Milletçe en büyük güvencemiz olan birliğimize, beraberliğimize ve kardeşliğimize sımsıkı sarılarak büyük ve güçlü Türkiye davamızı hayata geçirmenin mücadelesini vereceğiz. Yürüttüğümüz bu kutlu mücadelede milli mücadeleyi zafere taşıyan, Cumhuriyet'imize hayat veren çelikten irade, son 98 yıldır olduğu gibi bugün de rehberimiz olmayı sürdürecektir. Rabbim yar ve yardımcımız olsun, diyorum. Bu düşüncelerle 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı'mızı bir kez daha tebrik ediyor, milletimize sağlık, huzur ve esenlikler diliyorum. Şehitlerimizin ruhları şad olsun. Cumhuriyet'imizin 98'inci yıl dönümü kutlu olsun."
TAKSİM MEYDANI'NDA TÖREN 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamaları kapsamında dün İstanbul Valiliği , Taksim'deki Cumhuriyet Anıtı'nda tören düzenledi. Törene İstanbul Valisi Ali Yerlikaya, 1. Ordu Komutanı Korgeneral Kemal Yeni, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Ekrem İmamoğlu, siyasi parti temsilcileri, STK temsilcileri ve gaziler katıldı. Anıta çelenk bırakılmasının ardından saygı duruşunda bulunuldu, İstiklal Marşı okundu.
DEVLET YIKILMADI REJİM DEĞİŞTİ Tarihçiler, Cumhuriyet'in ilanının tarihi arka planını anlattı. Sabah'ta yer alan habere göre, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Vahdettin Engin, "28 Ekim akşamı Mustafa Kemal Paşa arkadaşlarına 'Yarın cumhuriyeti ilan ediyoruz' diyor. 'Yeni bir devlet kuracağız' demiyor. Türk devleti her şeyi ile 11. yüzyıldan beri burada.
Önce bir hanedan değişikliği oluyor. Yönetim Selçuklu Hanedanı'ndan Osmanlı Hanedanı'na geçiyor. Milli Mücadele sonrasında da saltanat rejimi kaldırılıp Cumhuriyet rejimine geçiliyor. Burada, muazzam bir tarihi devamlılık var. Değişen rejimdir, devlet her şeyi ile oradadır" dedi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk İlke ve İnkılap Tarihi Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi Doç. Dr. Malike Bileydi Koç ise "Günümüzde demokrasiden söz edebiliyorsak, bizi bu noktaya ulaştıran mücadelenin ve demokrasinin temelini oluşturan cumhuriyet rejimidir" diye konuştu
ANAMORFOZ ATATÜRK ESERİ İSTANBUL'DA 93 farklı temadan 539 parçanın bir araya getirilmesiyle 3 aylık emekle oluşturulan, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 'ün hayatını ve değerlerini simgeleyen "Anamorfoz Atatürk" eseri İstanbul'daki Rahmi Koç Müzesi'nde sergilenmeye başlandı. Çekyalı heykeltıraş Patrik Prosko'nun hazırladığı eser, Atatürk'ün hayatını ve değerlerini simgeliyor.