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Ülkemizde üretilen meyve sebzenin %25-30'luk kısmı daha sofraya ulaşmadan israf oluyor. İsrafın %39'unun müsebbibinin üreticilerin olması, söz konusu ürünlerin iyi toplanıp saklanmadığını somut bir şekilde karşımıza çıkarıyor. Gıda israfının %42'si ise konutlarda gerçekleşiyor. Yemek sektöründeki israf ise %14'lük bir pasta payına sahip.
İSPANYA İSRAFA "DUR" DEDİ | VİDEO İZLE
TÜRKİYE MİLLİ GELİRİNİN YÜZDE 15'LİK BİR KISMINI RESMEN ÇÖPE ATIYOR Ortadaki bu veriler dikkate alınırsa Türkiye , milli gelirinin yüzde 15'lik bir kısmını resmen çöpe atıyor. Bu kayıbın rakamsal karşılığı ise 1 trilyon 81 milyar lira...
KÖPRÜ, HASTANE, OKUL, OTOYOL... Mevzu bahis olan bu para ile birçok hastane, okul, otoyol, köprü yapılabilir. Böylesi büyük kayıplar, büyüme ve gelişme kaydeden Türkiye 'ye yakışmayan bir tablo olarak karşımıza çıkarken vatandaşı bilinçlendirecek ve israfı önleyecek adımların atılmasının önemi bir kez daha gözler önüne serildi. Bu adımlar israfı önlemeye yönelik çıkarılacak yasa ile sağlam bir zemine oturtulabilir.
SERPME KAHVALTI TARİH OLUYOR: 100 MİLYAR LİRALIK KAYBIN ÖNÜNE GEÇİLECEK Özellikle hafta sonları sabahları toplu şekilde keyifle yaptığımız ve çeşit çeşit yiyeceklerin olduğu 'serpme kahvaltı' kültürü tarihe karışıyor. Serpme kahvaltıdan dolayı yıllık 100 milyar liralık israf yaşandığını ve yaklaşık 18 milyon ton gıdanın çöpe gittiğini vurgulayan uzmanlar yeni bir döneme geçileceğini duyurdu.
10 TABAKTAN 4'Ü ÇÖPE GİDİYOR Türkiye İsrafı Önleme Vakfı (TİSVA) tarafından yapılan bir araştırmada son dönemde gittikçe yaygınlaşan serpme kahvaltıların yıllık 100 milyar liralık israfa neden olduğu belirtilirken, masaya serpilen her 10 tabaktan 4'ünün çöpe gittiğini, en büyük israfın; zeytin, peynir, domates, tereyağı, bal, reçel, yumurta, ekmek üzerinden gerçekleştiğini açıkladı.
Tüm Restoranlar ve Turizmciler Derneği (TÜRES) Genel Başkanı Ramazan Bingöl de serpme kahvaltı israfı nedeniyle bir tavsiye kararı aldıklarını duyurdu.
Bingöl, kararı şu sözlerle açıkladı: "Artık serpme kahvaltı yerine seçmeli kahvaltıya geçme kararı aldık. Neyi Yemek istiyorsanız onu istiyor, onu yiyorsunuz ve onun parasını ödüyorsunuz. Sofradaki hiçbir şey çöpe gitmiyor. Tüketiciye müthiş kazanç sağlıyor. Önceden çocuk için dahi kişi başı ücret alınırken, şimdi belki de sadece patates kızartması rakamı ödeniyor. Tüketiciye de yüzde 50 tasarruf sağlıyor."
YAKINDAKİ SOMUT ÖRNEK İSPANYA: YASA YÜRÜLÜĞE GİRİYOR İspanya 'da 1 Ocak 2023'te israf yasası yürürlüğe giriyor. Önlemlere uymayanlara 500 bin avroya kadar para cezası kesilmesi ise gündemde.
İspanya Tarım, Gıda ve Balıkçılık Bakanı Luis Planas, Bakanlar Kurulu'ndan kabul edilen yasa tasarısının ardından basına açıklama yaptı.
GIDA KAYBI VE İSRAFI ÖNLEMEK İÇİN TOPLUMU BİLİNÇLENDİRMEK GEREKİYOR Bakan Planas, "Yasal düzenlemeyle farkındalığı artırmayı amaçlıyoruz. Gıdaların insan tüketimi için tercihli kullanımını ve gıda bankalarına bağışlanmasını düzenlemek, gıda kaybı ve israfı önlemek için bir bütün olarak toplumu bilinçlendirmek gerekiyor." dedi.
Gıda zincirinde ekonomik, sosyal, çevresel ve etik sonuçları olan bir verimsizlikle mücadelede öncü yasal araçları oluşturmaya çalıştıklarını kaydeden Planas, gıda zincirdeki şirketlerin kayıpları en aza indirmek ve gıdaları insan tüketimine öncelik verecek şekilde tahsis etmek için bir plana sahip olmaları gerektiğini söyledi.
Planas, yeni yasanın 1300 metrekareden küçük gıda işletmeleri için geçerli olmayacağını, yemek firmalarının yiyecek ve içeceklerinde uygun kaplar kullanacaklarını, tüketilmeyen gıda ürünlerini de hiçbir ek ücret talep etmeden geri almaları gerekeceğini ifade etti.
Tarım Bakanlığının verilerine göre 2020'de İspanya'da kişi başına ortalama 31 kilogram/litreden toplam 1 milyar 364 milyon kilogram/litre gıda ürünü çöpe atıldı.
1 OCAK 2023'TE YÜRÜRLÜKTE Önlemlere uymayanlara 2 binden 500 bin avroya kadar ceza verilebilecek tasarının, yıl sonuna kadar parlamentoda kabul edilmesi ve 1 Ocak 2023'te yürürlüğe girmesi öngörülüyor.
İspanya , Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri içinde Fransa ve İtalya'nın ardından gıda israfını önlemeye yönelik yasa çıkaran 3. ülke olacak.
Merkezi Roma'da bulunan BM Dünya Tarım ve Gıda Örgütü, dünyada üretilen gıdaların yaklaşık yüzde 30'unun (yılda 1 milyar 300 milyon tonunun) israf edildiğini bildiriyor. Yasanın genel hedefinin gıdanın israf edilmesini önlemek için, verimli tüket, azalt, aç insanları doyur, hayvanları besle, endüstriyel kullan, kompostlama yap, biyogaz üret ve son çare depola/yakma olarak belirtiliyor.
DAHA ÖNCE FRANSA VE İTALYA DA İSRAF İLE MÜCADELE YASA ÇIKARMIŞTI Fransa 2015 yılında gıda israfı ile mücadele için bir yasa çıkarmıştı. Yasa kapsamında son kullanma tarihi yaklaşan ürünlerin hızla satılması için indirim uygulanması veya hayır kurumlarına bağışlanması zorunlu tutulmuştu. Yine belirlenen koşulları yerine getirmeyen işletme veya şahıslara 75 bin euro para cezası verileceği bildirilmişti.
İtalya ise Fransa'dan bir sene sonra benzer bir yasayı hayata geçirmişti. İtalya'da yeni atık yasası olarak bilinen yasa ile gıda israfının kademeli olarak azaltılması planlanmıştı. İlk yıl atık miktarının 5 milyon tondan, 4 milyon tona indirilmesi planlanmıştı. Yasa ile işletmeler tarihi biraz geçmiş gıdaları bağışladığı için cezalarla karşılaşmıyor ve gıda bağışladıkça daha az atık vergisi ödüyor.
SADECE ÇÖPE GİDEN GIDALAR İÇİN 603 BİN KAMYON GEREKİYOR Bu daha basit bir anlatımla her tabağın yüzde 50'sinin çöpe gitmesi anlamına geliyor. Rakamın korkunçluğunu şu veri de gözler önüne seriyor:
Sadece israf edilen bu gıdaların çöpe gitmesi için 603 bin kamyon gerekiyor. Yine Türkiye 'deki israfın kişisel boyutuna bakacak olursak, bir kişi yılda 93 kilogram gıdayı çöpe atıyor.
TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ DE OLUMSUZ ETKİLİYOR Türkiye 'de tedarik zincirindeki dikkatsizlik, olumsuz koşullar ve özensizlik nedeniyle meyve ve sebzelerin yüzde 52'si ancak vatandaşa ulaşabiliyor. Türkiye'de yıllık 50 milyon ton meyve ve sebze üretildiği düşünülürse, bunun ancak 30 milyon kilograma yakın bölümü vatandaşa ulaşabiliyor.
'GIDANI KORU SOFRANA SAHİP ÇIK' Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı sonrası tedarik zincirlerinde yaşanan aksamalar, tahıl ve enerji krizi gibi durumlarla gıda arz güvenliğinde büyük sorunlar yaşanıyor. Türkiye 'nin öncülüğünde tahıl krizi şimdilik çözülmüş gibi görünse de, yoksul ülkeler için kriz çözülebilmiş değil. Ülkeler için milli güvenlik meselesine dönüşen gıda konusunda Türkiye'de de adımlar atılıyor. Ancak Türkiye'deki adımlar daha çok teşvik etmek üzerine, yasal bir çalışma henüz yok.
'Gıdanı koru, geleceğine sahip çık' projesi 2020 yılında Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın eşi Emine Erdoğan'ın teşvik ve destekleri ile Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı uhdesinde başlatıldı. Projede, gıda israfının önlenmesi için çalışmalar düzenlendi.